We're building a better ClinicalTrials.gov. Check it out and tell us what you think!
Working…
ClinicalTrials.gov
ClinicalTrials.gov Menu

Nitrous Oxide for Pain Management During IUD Insertion in Nulliparous Adolescent Women

The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. Read our disclaimer for details.
 
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04089852
Recruitment Status : Withdrawn (Not able to perform intervention in current physical clinic location)
First Posted : September 13, 2019
Last Update Posted : September 16, 2022
Sponsor:
Collaborator:
Praxair Distribution, Inc.
Information provided by (Responsible Party):
Amy DiVasta, MD, Boston Children's Hospital

Study Description
Go to 
Top of Page Study Description Study Design Arms and Interventions Outcome Measures Eligibility Criteria Contacts and Locations More Information
Brief Summary:
This pilot study aims to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of using nitrous oxide (N2O) sedation for intrauterine device (IUD) insertions for nulliparous adolescent and young adult women in a primary care clinic setting.

Condition or disease Intervention/treatment Phase
Contraceptive Devices Long-Acting Reversible Contraception Analgesia Adolescent Health Gynecology Drug: Nitrous oxide gas for inhalation Drug: Oxygen Gas for Inhalation Phase 2 Phase 3

Detailed Description:

The objective of this research study is to learn more about how to make the intrauterine device (IUD) insertion procedure more comfortable. IUDs are highly effective at preventing pregnancy and are also used to treat gynecological conditions such as endometriosis or heavy periods. Unfortunately, many adolescents and young adults do not get an IUD because the insertion procedure can be painful. Currently, there are no medications that successfully reduce pain during IUD insertion for adolescents in the outpatient clinic setting.

We plan to study if nitrous oxide sedation is a feasible strategy for improving the IUD insertion experience for adolescents and young adult women. Although nitrous oxide is already used to manage pain and anxiety in other medical settings (such as for pain during labor or dental procedures), nitrous oxide sedation has not been rigorously studied for IUD insertions in teenagers and young adults.

During phase one of our study ("pre-implementation phase"), study participants will receive current standard of care (ibuprofen) for managing pain during IUD insertions. In phase two ("post-implementation phase"), study participants will receive nitrous oxide sedation in addition to ibuprofen during IUD insertions. We will survey study participants to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of nitrous oxide sedation for IUD insertions in the primary care clinic setting.

This study will help clinicians understand whether nitrous oxide could be a practical and effective way to manage pain and anxiety for adolescents during IUD insertion procedures. Ultimately, we hope this study will lead to increased satisfaction with the IUD insertion procedure and increased use of this highly effective method of contraception among adolescents.

Study Design
Go to 
Top of Page Study Description Study Design Arms and Interventions Outcome Measures Eligibility Criteria Contacts and Locations More Information

Layout table for study information
Study Type : Interventional  (Clinical Trial)
Actual Enrollment : 0 participants
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single (Participant)
Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
Official Title: Nitrous Oxide for Pain Management During Intrauterine Device Insertion in Nulliparous Adolescent Women
Estimated Study Start Date : June 1, 2021
Estimated Primary Completion Date : November 1, 2021
Estimated Study Completion Date : November 1, 2021

Resource links provided by the National Library of Medicine


Arms and Interventions
Go to 
Top of Page Study Description Study Design Arms and Interventions Outcome Measures Eligibility Criteria Contacts and Locations More Information

Arm Intervention/treatment
Experimental: Inhaled nitrous oxide anesthesia
Patients will be assigned to a "pre-implementation" (control) group or a "post-implementation" (treatment) group. The first twelve participants will be the control group and the next twelve participants will be the treatment group. The treatment group will receive inhaled N2O/O2. All participants will receive pre-procedural standard of care for IUD insertions, including 400-600 mg ibuprofen orally at least 20 minutes prior to insertion to reduce post-procedure pain. The N2O will be gradually up-titrated to a goal ratio of 70/30 N2O/O2. N2O/O2 will be administered per Boston Children's Hospital (BCH) N2O sedation protocol. Prior to speculum placement, treatment group participants will receive the inhaled gas until minimal sedation is achieved per BCH sedation guidelines, such that the patient is cooperative, oriented, and tranquil. Inhaled N2O will be administered throughout the duration of the procedure.
 Drug: Nitrous oxide gas for inhalation
All inhaled gases will be administered via nasal mask using a portable nitrous oxide/oxygen (N2O/O2) machine. Environmental safety will be maintained with an N2O scavenger system and Porter Miniature Vacuum System. The treatment group will receive inhaled N2O/O2. The N2O will be gradually up-titrated to a goal ratio of 70/30 N2O/O2 and will be administered as outlined in the treatment arm description.
Placebo Comparator: Inhaled oxygen placebo
Patients will be assigned to a "pre-implementation" (control) group or a "post-implementation" (treatment) group. The first twelve participants will be the control group and the next twelve participants will be the treatment group. The control group will receive inhaled O2 alone. All participants will receive pre-procedural standard of care for IUD insertions, including 400-600 mg ibuprofen orally at least 20 minutes prior to insertion to reduce post-procedure pain. Control group participants will receive 100% O2 for two minutes prior to speculum placement. Inhaled oxygen will be administered throughout the duration of the procedure.
 Drug: Oxygen Gas for Inhalation
All inhaled gases will be administered via nasal mask using a portable nitrous oxide/oxygen (N2O/O2) machine. The control group will receive inhaled O2 alone. Control group participants will receive 100% O2 for two minutes prior to speculum placement. Inhaled oxygen will be administered continuously throughout the procedure as outlined in the control arm description.


Outcome Measures
Go to 
Top of Page Study Description Study Design Arms and Interventions Outcome Measures Eligibility Criteria Contacts and Locations More Information

Primary Outcome Measures :
  1. Pain management satisfaction: [ Time Frame: Immediately after intervention/procedure ]
    Patient satisfaction with their pain management during the procedure as measured on a 5-item Likert scale with 5 categories: Very satisfied, Satisfied, Neutral, Dissatisfied, Very dissatisfied

  2. Anesthetic acceptability: Proportion reporting that inhaled nitrous oxide anesthesia should be available for IUD procedures [ Time Frame: Immediately after intervention/procedure ]
    Proportion reporting that inhaled nitrous oxide anesthesia should be available for IUD (yes, no, not sure) procedures

  3. Procedural satisfaction: VAS [ Time Frame: Immediately after intervention/procedure ]
    Median visual analog scale (VAS) score for procedural pain management satisfaction, with scores ranging from 0 to 100 with 0=completely satisfied to 100= completely dissatisfied


Secondary Outcome Measures :
  1. Experience-expectation discrepancy (pain) [ Time Frame: Immediately after intervention/procedure ]
    Proportion reporting reduction in procedural pain compared to anticipated procedural pain as measured by a choice of 3 responses: The procedure hurt LESS than I expected; The procedure hurt THE SAME as I expected; The procedure hurt MORE than I expected

  2. Experience-expectation discrepancy (anxiety) [ Time Frame: Immediately after intervention/procedure ]
    Proportion reporting reduction in procedural anxiety compared to anticipated procedural anxiety, with 3 answer choices: I felt LESS anxious than I expected; I felt THE SAME level of anxiety as I expected; I felt MORE anxious than I expected

  3. Procedural acceptability (self) [ Time Frame: Immediately after intervention/procedure ]
    Proportion reporting that dislike of the procedure would prevent them from getting another IUD in the future (yes, no, maybe)

  4. Procedural acceptability (peers) [ Time Frame: Immediately after intervention/procedure ]
    Proportion reporting willingness to recommend the IUD procedure to a friend, rated on a 100mm sliding scale ranging from 0 (not at all likely) to 100 (absolutely likely)

  5. Procedure-related anxiety rating [ Time Frame: Immediately after intervention/procedure ]
    Median visual analog scale (VAS) score for overall procedure-related anxiety, with scores ranging from 0 to 100 with 0=not at all anxious to 100=the most anxious

  6. Procedural pain rating [ Time Frame: Immediately after intervention/procedure ]
    Procedural pain rating as measured on a 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS) with scores ranging from 0 to 100, where 0= no pain and 100= the worst pain


Eligibility Criteria
Go to 
Top of Page Study Description Study Design Arms and Interventions Outcome Measures Eligibility Criteria Contacts and Locations More Information

Information from the National Library of Medicine

Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies.


Layout table for eligibility information
Ages Eligible for Study:   14 Years to 24 Years   (Child, Adult)
Sexes Eligible for Study:   Female
Gender Based Eligibility:   Yes
Gender Eligibility Description:   Eligibility of female adolescents/young women is based on requirement for female anatomy (i.e., cervix) for IUD insertion. Eligibility is not based on representation of gender identity.
Accepts Healthy Volunteers:   Yes
Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

  • nulliparous (no pregnancy of 24 weeks' duration or longer and not currently pregnant)
  • adolescent females (14-24 years)

Exclusion Criteria:

  • use of opioids, benzodiazepines, or marijuana within the past 24 hours
  • failure to meet medical eligibility criteria for an IUD
  • medical contraindications to NSAID use
  • relative contraindications to N2O administration, including severe pulmonary disease, congenital heart disease, diseases associated with vitamin B12 deficiency, and sickle cell disease
Contacts and Locations
Go to 
Top of Page Study Description Study Design Arms and Interventions Outcome Measures Eligibility Criteria Contacts and Locations More Information

Information from the National Library of Medicine

To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.

Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT04089852


Locations
Layout table for location information
United States, Massachusetts
Boston Children's Hospital
Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02115
Sponsors and Collaborators
Boston Children's Hospital
Praxair Distribution, Inc.
More Information
Go to 
Top of Page Study Description Study Design Arms and Interventions Outcome Measures Eligibility Criteria Contacts and Locations More Information
Layout table for additonal information
Responsible Party: Amy DiVasta, MD, Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School; Director, Young Women's Health Research; Co-Director, Adolescent Long-Acting Reversible Contraception (LARC) Program; Attending Physician, Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04089852    
Other Study ID Numbers: 000000
First Posted: September 13, 2019    Key Record Dates
Last Update Posted: September 16, 2022
Last Verified: September 2022
Individual Participant Data (IPD) Sharing Statement:
Plan to Share IPD: No

Layout table for additional information
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product: Yes
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product: No
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Layout table for MeSH terms
Nitrous Oxide
Anesthetics, Inhalation
Anesthetics, General
Anesthetics
Central Nervous System Depressants
 Physiological Effects of Drugs
Analgesics, Non-Narcotic
Analgesics
Sensory System Agents
Peripheral Nervous System Agents