Phase I Study of Mitoxantrone and Etoposide Combined With Hydroxychloroquine, for Relapsed Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
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ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02631252 |
Recruitment Status :
Terminated
(Inability to accrue)
First Posted : December 16, 2015
Last Update Posted : February 23, 2018
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Condition or disease | Intervention/treatment | Phase |
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Leukemia, Acute Myelogenous | Drug: Hydroxychloroquine Drug: Mitoxantrone Drug: Etoposide | Phase 1 |
Hydroxychloroquine is not FDA (United States Food and Drug Administration) approved for AML and is considered an investigational drug in this study. It has helped make chemotherapy more effective in animals. The investigators will be testing to see if it can increase the effectiveness of mitoxantrone and etoposide. It has been combined with other types of chemotherapy for humans with other types of cancer. Most of the patients were able to take hydroxychloroquine safely at the doses studied in this clinical trial.
Hydroxychloroquine is approved by the FDA for malaria, rheumatoid arthritis, and other autoimmune diseases. Mitoxantrone is approved by the FDA for use in AML, and it is one of the most common drugs used in the treatment of AML. Etoposide is not approved by the FDA for AML. It is approved for small cell lung cancer and testicular cancer. It is commonly used in AML.
The primary objective of this trial is to determine the recommend phase 2 dose (RP2D) for HCQ combined with mitoxantrone and etoposide, while secondary objectives include efficacy estimates of this combination at the RP2D, a safety and tolerability profile of this combination, as well as the correlation of pharmacodynamic assessments of autophagy inhibition with dose and clinical response.
Study Type : | Interventional (Clinical Trial) |
Actual Enrollment : | 1 participants |
Allocation: | N/A |
Intervention Model: | Single Group Assignment |
Masking: | None (Open Label) |
Primary Purpose: | Treatment |
Official Title: | A Phase I Study of Combination Chemotherapy With Mitoxantrone and Etoposide (VP-16) Combined With an Autophagy Inhibitor, Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), for the Treatment of Patients With Relapsed Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) |
Actual Study Start Date : | August 18, 2016 |
Actual Primary Completion Date : | September 17, 2016 |
Actual Study Completion Date : | October 2, 2017 |

Arm | Intervention/treatment |
---|---|
Experimental: Open-label, Single-arm
Hydroxychloroquine + Mitoxantrone + Etoposide Hydroxychloroquine is given up to 21 days, started concurrently with both Mitoxantrone, administered by IVPB over 15 minutes each day for 5 days and Etoposide, administered intravenously over 2 hours each day for 5 days |
Drug: Hydroxychloroquine
Doses ranging from 600-1400mg daily in divided twice daily doses and administered orally.
Other Name: Plaquenil Drug: Mitoxantrone Dose: 10mg/m2 IVPB in 50ml NS
Other Name: Dihydroxyanthracenedione, DHAD Drug: Etoposide Dose: 100 mg/m2 administered intravenously in 500 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride
Other Names:
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- Select a recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) for hydroxychloroquine [ Time Frame: during the first 7 weeks after initiating therapy ]Dose limiting toxicity (DLT) that occurs during the first 7 weeks after initiating therapy and is at least possibly related
- Complete Remission (CR) [ Time Frame: up to 4 weeks after completion of therapy ]
- Overall Survival (OS) [ Time Frame: until death or last patient contact, up to 5 years ]
- Relapse Free Survival (RFS) [ Time Frame: until relapse or death, whichever occurs first, or last patient contact, for up to 5 years ]
- Pharmacodynamic Endpoint - Measurement of LC3-1 [ Time Frame: up to 4 weeks after completion of therapy ]
- Pharmacodynamic Endpoint - Measurement of LC3-2 [ Time Frame: up to 4 weeks after completion of therapy ]
- Pharmacodynamic Endpoint - Measurement of p62 [ Time Frame: up to 4 weeks after completion of therapy ]
- Pharmacodynamic Endpoint - Measurement of HMGB1 [ Time Frame: up to 4 weeks after completion of therapy ]
- Pharmacodynamic Endpoint - Measurement of RAGE [ Time Frame: up to 4 weeks after completion of therapy ]

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Ages Eligible for Study: | 18 Years to 80 Years (Adult, Older Adult) |
Sexes Eligible for Study: | All |
Accepts Healthy Volunteers: | No |
Inclusion Criteria:
- Able to understand and have the ability to provide written consent
- Age > 18 years old to <80 years old
- Patients with AML in the first morphologic relapse as defined by >5% reappearance of leukemia blasts in the bone marrow not attributable to any other cause (Appendix I) who have not yet received chemotherapy for the current relapse
- Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status of 0 -2 (see Appendix II)
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Adequate organ function
- Serum creatinine ≤ 1.5 mg/dl and calculated creatinine clearance ≥ 50 mL/min (using the Cockcroft-Gault equation CL creatinine = (140-age) x body mass X 0.85 if female)/72 x creatinine where age is given in years, body mass is given in kg and creatinine is given in mg/dL)
- Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ≤ 5x the upper limit of normal Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) < 5x the upper limit of normal
- Direct bilirubin ≤ 1.5 mg/dl Note: As many eligible patients will be pancytopenic secondary to their disease or prior treatments, hematologic abnormalities will not be used as a criteria for entry or exclusion
- Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥50 %
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Females of child-bearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test during screening and all subjects must agree to use an effective method of contraception. A woman is eligible to enter and participate in the study if she is of:
- Non-childbearing potential (i.e., physiologically incapable of becoming pregnant) including any female who has had a hysterectomy or has had a bilateral oophorectomy (ovariectomy).
- Childbearing potential, has a negative serum pregnancy test during the screening period and agrees to avoid sexual activity or use accepted methods of contraception from screening through follow-up.
Men with a female partner of childbearing potential are eligible to enroll and participate in the study if they have had either a prior vasectomy or agree to avoid sexual activity or use appropriate barrier contraception from screening through post-treatment follow-up.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Acute promyelocytic leukemia
- Prior chemotherapy regimen given for 1st relapse, not including the use of hydroxyurea or plasmapheresis that is used prior to the initiation of chemotherapy.
- Previous use of mitoxantrone and etoposide combination therapy within the preceding 180 days of screening.
- Symptomatic central nervous system (CNS) involvement
- Uncontrolled, life-threatening infection that is not responding to antimicrobial therapy
- History of psychiatric disorder which may compromise compliance with the protocol or which does not allow for appropriate informed consent
- Current receiving any other anti neoplastic investigational agents
- Prior autologous or allogeneic stem cell transplantation
- Concurrent malignancy. Exceptions: Patients who have been disease-free for 5 years, or subjects with a history of completely resected non-melanoma skin cancer or successfully treated in situ carcinoma are eligible. Subjects with concurrent malignancies that are indolent or definitely treated may be enrolled.
- Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding
- Evidence of severe or uncontrolled systemic disease (e.g., unstable or uncompensated respiratory or cardiac disease)
- Inability to take oral medications, due to impaired swallowing ability or poor absorption capacity
- Known glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6PD) deficiency

To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT02631252
United States, Pennsylvania | |
University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute - Hillman Cancer Center | |
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, 15232 |
Principal Investigator: | Alison Sehgal, MD | University of Pittsburgh |
Responsible Party: | Alison Sehgal, MD, MS, Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh |
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | NCT02631252 |
Other Study ID Numbers: |
14-133 |
First Posted: | December 16, 2015 Key Record Dates |
Last Update Posted: | February 23, 2018 |
Last Verified: | February 2018 |
Leukemia Acute Myelogenous Phase I Mitoxantrone Etoposide |
Hydroxychloroquine Relapsed Autophagy inhibitor AML Relapsed AML |
Leukemia Leukemia, Myeloid Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute Neoplasms by Histologic Type Neoplasms Hydroxychloroquine Etoposide Mitoxantrone Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic Antineoplastic Agents Topoisomerase II Inhibitors Topoisomerase Inhibitors |
Enzyme Inhibitors Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action Antimalarials Antiprotozoal Agents Antiparasitic Agents Anti-Infective Agents Antirheumatic Agents Analgesics Sensory System Agents Peripheral Nervous System Agents Physiological Effects of Drugs |