Study of Subretinal Implantation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived RPE Cells in Advanced Dry AMD

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patients able to understand and willing to sign the informed consent
2. Adult male or female patients with the age of 55 to 85 (inclusive) years who are not employees of the trial sites
3. In sufficiently good health to reasonably expect survival for at least five years after treatment
4. Clinical findings consistent with advanced dry AMD with evidence of one or more areas of ≥1.25 square millimeter of geographic atrophy involving the central fovea
5. Geographic atrophy defined as attenuation or loss of RPE as observed by biomicroscopy, OCT, or FAF
6. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of the eye to receive the implant will be equal or worse than 20/200 in the first half of the study patients and between 20/80 and 20/400 (inclusive) in the second half of the patients. The BCVA of the eye that is NOT to receive the implant will be better or equal to the eye that will receive the implant
7. Medically suitable to undergo pars plana vitrectomy and the surgical implant procedure, including being able to position post-operatively and use post-operative medications as required
8. Medically suitable for general anesthesia or monitored intravenous sedation, if needed
9. Patients who are pseudophakic or aphakic in the study eye
10. If designated as an organ donor, willing to forego live organ donation
11. Willing to consent to the post-mortem removal of the implant from the treated eye for the sponsor's analysis. The patient may also elect to donate the implanted and fellow, untreated eye, for histological analysis.
12. Able to understand the requirements of the study and willing and able to participate in long term follow up.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Presence of active or inactive choroidal neovascularization (CNV)
2. Presence or history of retinal dystrophy, retinitis pigmentosa, chorioretinitis, central serous choroidopathy or any other inflammatory ocular disease except dry eye syndrome
3. Presence or history of severe, end-stage corneal dystrophy
4. History of steroid induced ocular hypertension or glaucoma
5. Presence of moderate to severe glaucomatous optic neuropathy in the study eye, uncontrolled IOP, use of two or more topical agents to control intraocular pressure; history of glaucoma-filtering surgery
6. Presence of moderate to severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy in the study eye
7. Presence of any proliferative diabetic retinopathy in the study eye
8. Presence of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (HbA1c > 8) at the time of screening
9. History of retinal detachment or retinal detachment repair in the study eye other than peripheral retinal tears or holes treated exclusively with laser or cryotherapy
10. Presence of any other sight-threatening ocular disease
11. History of cognitive impairments or dementia which may impact the patient's ability to participate in the informed consent process and to appropriately complete evaluations
12. History of any immunodeficiency
13. Evidence of herpetic or other viral eye disease
14. Any current use of immunosuppressive therapy other than intermittent or low dose corticosteroids
15. Participation within previous 3 months in any clinical trial of a drug by ocular or systemic administration (within previous 18 months for sustained release products)
16. Axial myopia of greater than -8 diopters in the eye that is to be implanted
17. Axial length greater than 28 mm in the eye that is to be implanted
18. History of malignancy within the past 5 years (with the exception of successfully treated [excised] basal cell carcinoma [skin cancer] or successfully treated squamous cell carcinoma of the skin)
19. History of myocardial infarction in previous 12 months
20. Alanine transaminase/aspartate aminotransferase (ALT/AST) >3.0 times the upper limit of normal or any known liver disease
21. Renal insufficiency, as defined by estimated creatinine clearance of < 45 ml/min
22. A positive (or "reactive") test for HIV, or Hepatitis B, or Hepatitis C
23. A hemoglobin concentration of less than 10 gm/dl, a platelet count of less than 100K/µL or an absolute neutrophil count of less than 1000/µL at study entry
24. Ocular lens removal within the previous 6 weeks in either eye
25. Any other ocular surgery in the study eye in the previous 3 months
26. If female, pregnancy, the wish to become pregnant, or lactation
27. Any other medical condition, which, in the Investigator's judgment, will interfere with the patient's ability to comply with the protocol, compromises patient safety, or interferes with the interpretation of the study results