Adherence to HIV Therapy in Heroin Addicts: Oral vs. Extended Release Naltrexone - Full Text View

Purpose

Substance use, particularly the compulsive behaviors associated with addiction, lead to unhealthy behaviors including non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and treatment failure. High on the list of disorders leading to non-adherence is heroin addiction as a wide range of impulsive, high-risk behaviors accompanies it. The science of adherence would be improved by developing new methods to prevent relapse to heroin addiction, especially methods that can be used in settings that are not limited by the aims to test such a method using an implantable naltrexone formulation (IN) that is approved in Russia and blocks opioid effects for 3 months. The efficacy of the IN should be better than oral naltrexone (ON) because it does not depend on daily behavior to take a tablet and maintains a constant plasma level for months, which should result in sustained blockade, less relapse, and better ART adherence and treatment response.

Condition	Intervention	Phase
HIV+	Drug: Oral naltrexone Drug: Naltrexone implant	Phase 2


Study Type:	Interventional
Study Design:	Allocation: Randomized Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment Masking: Double Blind (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor) Primary Purpose: Treatment
Official Title:	Adherence to HIV Therapy in Heroin Addicts: Oral vs. Extended Release Naltrexone

Resource links provided by NLM:

MedlinePlus related topics: HIV/AIDS

Drug Information available for: Naltrexone Naltrexone hydrochloride

U.S. FDA Resources

Further study details as provided by University of Pennsylvania:

Primary Outcome Measures:

Viral Load [ Time Frame: 1 year ]

Secondary Outcome Measures:

Adherence to ART [ Time Frame: 1 year ]


Estimated Enrollment:	200
Study Start Date:	June 2010
Estimated Study Completion Date:	December 2016
Estimated Primary Completion Date:	December 2016 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)

Arms	Assigned Interventions
Active Comparator: Naltrexone Implant + ART Naltrexone implant maintenance 48 weeks plus psychotherapy N=100	Drug: Naltrexone implant monthly Other Name: Prodetoxon implant
Active Comparator: ON Oral Naltrexone ON (oral) naltrexone maintenance 48 weeks plus psychotherapy N=100	Drug: Oral naltrexone 50 mg/day Other Name: Revia

Detailed Description:

This is a double blind, double-dummy, placebo controlled, randomized trial of a 48-week course of implant naltrexone vs. oral naltrexone, each arm with drug counseling every two weeks, for 200 HIV+ patients who are in early remission from opioid dependence, and who are interested in relapse prevention treatment medication, and starting their first episode of antiretroviral therapy at the Botkin Infectious Disease Hospital in St. Petersburg or the Leningrad Regional AIDS Center. Early remission was chosen because relapse risk is the highest at this point, thus maximizing the chances for detecting a naltrexone effect. The first antiretroviral therapy treatment episode was chosen because it is feasible (relatively few opioid addicted Russians have been treated with antiretroviral therapy), and because the virus is less likely to have developed secondary resistance.

Participants will be recruited from the AIDS and addiction programs and who meet study admission criteria will be stratified within each site according to baseline viral load (>100,000 copies/<100,000 copies) and CD4 count (>50/<50 copies). Participants will be randomized to a treatment condition, receive a naloxone challenge, and if pass be prescribed oral naltrexone or oral placebo and implant/implant placebo), and given a schedule for addiction counseling and HIV treatment appointments. A 2-week supply of oral medication will be provided at each bi-weekly counseling session, and will be re-implanted at weeks 12, 24, and 36. Only the research pharmacist will know the group assignments, however the blind can be broken in case of emergency.

The primary outcome measure will be to compare implanted naltrexone versus oral naltrexone on ability to achieve a viral load of <400 copies at weeks 24 and 48.

Secondary outcomes are to compare the efficacy of the two addiction treatments; to study the adherence to antiretroviral therapy; to evaluate time to relapse and the number of days to relapsed; to evaluate decline in CD4 counts; to evaluate HIV risk behavior; to evaluate opioid positive urine tests; and to evaluate the number of days that patients will keep their scheduled appointments. The Investigator will also monitor psychiatric symptoms, other drug use, and overall adjustment.

Eligibility


Ages Eligible for Study:	18 Years and older (Adult, Senior)
Sexes Eligible for Study:	All
Accepts Healthy Volunteers:	No

Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

must be HIV+ men/women starting their first episode of ART or starting a new ART treatment episode and was prescribed medications that suppressed the virus to <400 copies during their last treatment
understand that they will be prescribed ART medications that they have never received and to which their virus is likely to be susceptible
viral loads of 1,000 copies or more
meet the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria for opioid dependence in early remission
have a negative opiate urine toxicology and alcohol breath test
show no evidence of physiologic dependence on physical exam and following a naltrexone challenge
have a stable address in the St. Petersburg or Leningrad Region of Russia area
have a valid telephone number where subject can be reached
have a negative pregnancy test and use adequate contraception
have the ability to give informed consent as judged by ability to read the consent and correctly answer 9 of 10 questions about the study on a quiz that will be administered after discussing the study and reading the consent

Exclusion Criteria:

not be currently psychotic as determined by a psychiatric examination (i.e.; schizophrenia, paranoid disorder, mania)
not have current suicidal or homicidal ideation requiring immediate attention as determined at baseline assessment
not have an uncontrolled seizure disorder
not have cognitive impairment with an inability to read and understand the consent
not have significant laboratory abnormality such as >2 grade anemia
not have hepatic transaminase levels >5 times the upper limit of normal
not have serum creatinine >1.5 times the upper limit of normal
not have pending legal charges with impending incarceration
not be concurrently participating in another treatment study
not currently taking naltrexone

Contacts and Locations

Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the Contacts provided below. For general information, see Learn About Clinical Studies.

Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02046252

Locations


Russian Federation
Botkin Infectious Disease Hospital
Leningrad, Russian Federation

Sponsors and Collaborators

University of Pennsylvania

National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)

Investigators


Principal Investigator:	George E Woody, MD	University of Pennsylvania

More Information


Responsible Party:	University of Pennsylvania
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:	NCT02046252 History of Changes
Other Study ID Numbers:	R01-DA-0263360-01 5R01DA026336 ( US NIH Grant/Contract Award Number )
Study First Received:	October 29, 2013
Last Updated:	September 1, 2016

Additional relevant MeSH terms:


Heroin Naltrexone Analgesics, Opioid Narcotics Central Nervous System Depressants	Physiological Effects of Drugs Analgesics Sensory System Agents Peripheral Nervous System Agents Narcotic Antagonists

ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on May 22, 2017