Palliative Care in People Living With HIV/AIDS: Integrating Into Standard of Care - Full Text View

Purpose

Our goal is to advance palliative care with persons living with AIDS (PLWA) or life-limiting co-morbidities to decrease suffering and increase quality of life (QOL). Left without advance care planning (ACP) for end-of-life decision, miscommunication and disagreements may result in families being charged with neglect or court battles over treatment choices, unmet care or delivery of unnecessary or unwanted care, and non-relative caregivers being dismissed (e.g. gay partners). We hope to increase families' understandings of their family member's wishes for end-of-life care to decrease conflict through the FAmily-CEntered Advance (FACE) Care Planning intervention. We will also study communication, quality of life, and spiritual struggle. Families will be randomized into either the Control (N=96 families) or the FACE Intervention (n=192 dyads). FACE families will meet with a trained/certified researcher for two 60-minute sessions scheduled one week apart: Session 1: The Respecting Choices Interview®; and Session 2: Completion of The Five Wishes©. Control families will also meet with a researcher for two 60-minute sessions scheduled one week apart: Session 1: Developmental History; and Session 2: Nutrition and Exercise. Questionnaires will be administered five times, Baseline and at 3, 6, 12 and 18 month post-intervention, for an average of 2 years.

AIM 1. To determine the efficacy of FACE on congruence in treatment preferences between PLWA and their surrogates over time, and the effect of the pattern of congruence development trajectory on healthcare utilization (i.e., distal outcomes: number of hospitalizations, dialysis, ER visits).

Hypothesis A: Development of congruence may not be homogeneous and FACE may influence the pattern of congruence development.

Hypothesis B: Different patterns of congruence development may have different effects on health care utilization.

Hypothesis C: Compared to Controls, FACE participants will better maintain congruence over time.

AIM 2. To determine the efficacy of FACE on key components of QOL for PLWA. Hypothesis: FACE participants will increase or better maintain psychosocial QOL compared to Controls.

AIM 3. To minimize health disparities in ACP between Blacks and non Blacks and identify factors associated with disparities.

Hypothesis: Blacks in the FACE intervention will complete advance directives at a rate comparable to non Blacks, and at significantly greater rates compared to Controls.

Condition	Intervention
HIV	Behavioral: FAmily-CEntered Advance Care Planning Behavioral: Healthy Living Control


Study Type:	Interventional
Study Design:	Allocation: Randomized Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment Masking: Open Label Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
Official Title:	Palliative Care in People Living With HIV/AIDS: Integrating Into Standard of Care

Resource links provided by NLM:

MedlinePlus related topics: HIV/AIDS Palliative Care

U.S. FDA Resources

Further study details as provided by Maureen Lyon, Children's Research Institute:

Primary Outcome Measures:

Statement of Treatment Preferences [ Time Frame: Baseline and 3, 6, 12, 18 month post-intervention ]
Measured by the Statement of Treatment Preferences. This measure was adapted using experts and community advisory board. It is a tool to express values and goals related to future medical decisions regarding frequently occurring situations specific to HIV/AIDS.Multiple Time Frames are needed as the Primary Outcome measure is going to report a change over time, per Aim 1: "to sustain congruence in treatment preferences between PLWA and their surrogate over time" compared to controls.

Secondary Outcome Measures:

Lyon Advance Care Planning Survey (Patient and Surrogate Version) [ Time Frame: at baseline ]
A 31-item instrument that assesses palliative care needs of PLWA of Black and non Black PLWA in DC metropolitan area
Palliative Care Outcome Scale (POS) [ Time Frame: Baseline, and 3, 6, 12 and 18 month post-intervention ]
This scale is a valid and reliable measure of patient's current health, social and psychological status.We are conducting a longitudinal study and therefore looking at multiple time frames for change in palliative care over time.
Medical Outcomes Study-HIV (MOS-HIV) [ Time Frame: Baseline, and 3, 6, 12 and 18 month post-intervention ]
Measures HIV specific Health Related Quality of Life; general health perceptions; pain; physical, role, cognitive and social functioning; mental health; energy/fatigue; health distress and quality of life. This is a longitudinal study requiring multiple time frames so we can report change in quality of life over time, related to HIV specific symptoms.

Other Outcome Measures:

HIV Dementia Scale [ Time Frame: Screen for eligibility at Baseline, 3, 6, 12 and 18 months post intervention ]
Rapid screener to identify HIV dementia, which is an exclusion criteria. However, once enrolled in the study we will track changes in status over time, per the longitudinal nature of this study.
Psychological Interview [ Time Frame: Baseline to screen to determine eligibility ]
Questions to screen for homicidality and psychosis
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) [ Time Frame: Baseline screening to determine if eligible for participation, then at 3, 6, 12 and 18 month post-intervention follow-up ]
Patients or surrogates who present with severe depression or suicidality are excluded from this study. However, once enrolled levels of depressive symptoms will be monitored over the course of this longitudinal study.
Medication Adherence Self Report Inventory (MASRI) [ Time Frame: Baseline and 3, 6, 12 and 18 month follow-up ]
Validated self-report measure of medication adherence, using the Visual Analogue Scale for estimated adherence in the past month. Measured multiple times as part of this longitudinal study.
Brief Multidimensional Measurement of Religiousness/Spirituality (BMMRS-adapted) [ Time Frame: Baseline and 3, 6, 12 and 18-month post intervention ]
Assesses the construct of spiritual functioning, specifically subscales for Forgiveness, Values and Believes will be used for study purposes.
Brief Religious Coping Questionnaire (Brief RCOPE) [ Time Frame: Baseline and 3, 6, 12 and 18-month post-intervention ]
Assesses positive and negative religious coping methods. Study will use 14-item version.
Satisfaction Scale [ Time Frame: Immediately following Session 1 and Session 2, week 2 and week 3 of the study ]
Process measure developed in pilot study to assess satisfaction.
Longitudinal Satisfaction Questionnaire [ Time Frame: 3, 6, 12 and 18 month post-intervention ]
Process measure to assess longitudinal satisfaction with future decision making.
Medical Chart Abstraction [ Time Frame: Baseline and 3, 6, 12 and 18 month post intervention ]
Mode of transmission, Cluster of Differentiation 4 (CD4) count, viral load, hospitalization, emergency room visit or dialysis since last study visit.
Threat Appraisal Scale (TAS) [ Time Frame: Baseline, 3, 6, 12 and 18 month post-intervention ]
Threat Appraisal Scale (TAS)is a questionnaire administered to the adolescent during baseline assessment only. This measure will retrospectively estimate the adolescent's threat appraisal of cancer when adolescent learned of cancer diagnosis. Test-retest reliability for this measure ranges from .68 in younger children to .93 in older children. TAS scores are found to demonstrate a high degree of agreement with children's open-ended descriptions of negative life events, indicating adequate convergent validity of this measure. Theoretically, threat appraisal is related to Lazarus' concept of primary appraisal, particularly to the way in which the event threatens the child's commitments, goals, or values. Higher threat appraisals should lead to negative arousal and coping and to increased psychological symptoms.


Enrollment:	444
Study Start Date:	April 2013
Estimated Study Completion Date:	October 2017
Estimated Primary Completion Date:	October 2017 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)

Arms	Assigned Interventions
Active Comparator: Healthy Living Control Two-60 to 90 minute sessions scheduled one week apart. Session 1: Developmental History: Goal: To take a non-medical developmental history. The Research Assistant (RA)-Control will conduct the session in a structured interview format. Administered with all medical questions removed to prevent any risk of contamination with the experimental condition. Session 2: Nutrition and Exercise: Assess nutritional status and provide advice for maintaining optimal nutrition to boost immune functioning. Administered by the RA Control and will be videotaped to control for what occurs in the FACE intervention.	Behavioral: FAmily-CEntered Advance Care Planning Two-60 to 90 minute sessions scheduled one week apart. Session 1: Respecting Choices Interview (R)to facilitate conversations and shared decision-making between the patient and surrogate about palliative care & prepare the surrogate to be able to fully represent the patient's wishes. Session 2: Five Wishes (C). Patient selects which person the patient wants to make health care decisions for him/her; the kind of medical treatment the patient wants; how comfortable the patient wants to be; how the patient wants people to treat him/her; what patient wants loved ones to know; and any spiritual or religious concerns the patient may have. Other Name: FACE Behavioral: Healthy Living Control Session 1: Developmental History: Goal: To take a non-medical developmental history. The RA-Control will conduct the session in a structured interview format. Administered with all medical questions removed to prevent any risk of contamination with the experimental condition. Session 2: Nutrition and Exercise: Assess nutritional status and provide advice for maintaining optimal nutrition to boost immune functioning. Administered by the RA Control and will be videotaped to control for what occurs in the FACE intervention. Other Name: HLC
Experimental: FAmily-CEntered Advance Care Planning Two-60 to 90 minute sessions scheduled one week apart. Session 1: Respecting Choices Interview (R)to facilitate conversations and shared decision-making between the patient and surrogate about palliative care & prepare the surrogate to be able to fully represent the patient's wishes. Session 2: Five Wishes (C). Patient selects which person the patient wants to make health care decisions for him/her; the kind of medical treatment the patient wants; how comfortable the patient wants to be; how the patient wants people to treat him/her; what patient wants loved ones to know; and any spiritual or religious concerns the patient may have.	Behavioral: FAmily-CEntered Advance Care Planning Two-60 to 90 minute sessions scheduled one week apart. Session 1: Respecting Choices Interview (R)to facilitate conversations and shared decision-making between the patient and surrogate about palliative care & prepare the surrogate to be able to fully represent the patient's wishes. Session 2: Five Wishes (C). Patient selects which person the patient wants to make health care decisions for him/her; the kind of medical treatment the patient wants; how comfortable the patient wants to be; how the patient wants people to treat him/her; what patient wants loved ones to know; and any spiritual or religious concerns the patient may have. Other Name: FACE Behavioral: Healthy Living Control Session 1: Developmental History: Goal: To take a non-medical developmental history. The RA-Control will conduct the session in a structured interview format. Administered with all medical questions removed to prevent any risk of contamination with the experimental condition. Session 2: Nutrition and Exercise: Assess nutritional status and provide advice for maintaining optimal nutrition to boost immune functioning. Administered by the RA Control and will be videotaped to control for what occurs in the FACE intervention. Other Name: HLC

Arms

Assigned Interventions

Active Comparator: Healthy Living Control

Two-60 to 90 minute sessions scheduled one week apart.

Session 1: Developmental History: Goal: To take a non-medical developmental history. The Research Assistant (RA)-Control will conduct the session in a structured interview format. Administered with all medical questions removed to prevent any risk of contamination with the experimental condition.

Session 2: Nutrition and Exercise: Assess nutritional status and provide advice for maintaining optimal nutrition to boost immune functioning. Administered by the RA Control and will be videotaped to control for what occurs in the FACE intervention.

Behavioral: FAmily-CEntered Advance Care Planning

Two-60 to 90 minute sessions scheduled one week apart.

Session 1: Respecting Choices Interview (R)to facilitate conversations and shared decision-making between the patient and surrogate about palliative care & prepare the surrogate to be able to fully represent the patient's wishes.

Session 2: Five Wishes (C). Patient selects which person the patient wants to make health care decisions for him/her; the kind of medical treatment the patient wants; how comfortable the patient wants to be; how the patient wants people to treat him/her; what patient wants loved ones to know; and any spiritual or religious concerns the patient may have.

Other Name: FACE

Behavioral: Healthy Living Control

Session 1: Developmental History: Goal: To take a non-medical developmental history. The RA-Control will conduct the session in a structured interview format. Administered with all medical questions removed to prevent any risk of contamination with the experimental condition.

Session 2: Nutrition and Exercise: Assess nutritional status and provide advice for maintaining optimal nutrition to boost immune functioning. Administered by the RA Control and will be videotaped to control for what occurs in the FACE intervention.

Other Name: HLC

Experimental: FAmily-CEntered Advance Care Planning

Two-60 to 90 minute sessions scheduled one week apart.

Session 1: Respecting Choices Interview (R)to facilitate conversations and shared decision-making between the patient and surrogate about palliative care & prepare the surrogate to be able to fully represent the patient's wishes.

Session 2: Five Wishes (C). Patient selects which person the patient wants to make health care decisions for him/her; the kind of medical treatment the patient wants; how comfortable the patient wants to be; how the patient wants people to treat him/her; what patient wants loved ones to know; and any spiritual or religious concerns the patient may have.

Behavioral: FAmily-CEntered Advance Care Planning

Two-60 to 90 minute sessions scheduled one week apart.

Session 1: Respecting Choices Interview (R)to facilitate conversations and shared decision-making between the patient and surrogate about palliative care & prepare the surrogate to be able to fully represent the patient's wishes.

Session 2: Five Wishes (C). Patient selects which person the patient wants to make health care decisions for him/her; the kind of medical treatment the patient wants; how comfortable the patient wants to be; how the patient wants people to treat him/her; what patient wants loved ones to know; and any spiritual or religious concerns the patient may have.

Other Name: FACE

Behavioral: Healthy Living Control

Session 1: Developmental History: Goal: To take a non-medical developmental history. The RA-Control will conduct the session in a structured interview format. Administered with all medical questions removed to prevent any risk of contamination with the experimental condition.

Session 2: Nutrition and Exercise: Assess nutritional status and provide advice for maintaining optimal nutrition to boost immune functioning. Administered by the RA Control and will be videotaped to control for what occurs in the FACE intervention.

Other Name: HLC

Detailed Description:

Our goal is to advance palliative care with persons living with AIDS (PLWA) or life-limiting co-morbidities aimed at relieving suffering and maximizing quality of life. One objective is to identify variables which influence decision-making with respect to advance care planning (ACP) for PLWA, as well as to determine the unique person-centered needs of subgroups of PLWA, as these are unknown. The negative consequences of no ACP or poor ACP include: unmet care or delivery of unnecessary or unwanted care, conflict erupting in the ICU, or the importance of non-relative caregivers being dismissed, for example gay partners. A second objective is to identify a "best approach" for standard of care in ACP, a key component of palliative care, as an end of life support. This approach may minimize health disparities in the likelihood of both identifying a surrogate decision-maker and using advance directives. We propose building on our evidence based, theoretical model, FAmily-CEntered (FACE) Advance Care Planning intervention, an HIV specific ACP program for Black teens which gained acceptance and demonstrated efficacy through increased congruence in treatment preferences and universal complete of advance directives with a surrogate decision-maker. Given the demonstrated needs and benefits of ACP and the low utilization among adult Black PLWA, we propose meeting this need by building on our FACE model with adults living with advanced AIDS and/or life-limiting co-morbidities in Washington, District of Columbia (DC) a city with endemic HIV and significant health disparities in death rates by race in an adequately-powered, randomized, clinical, 2-arm, single-blinded, controlled trial. We will test the efficacy of the FACE intervention for increasing congruence in end-of-life treatment preferences between PLWA and their surrogate decision-maker, to determine if increased congruence can be maintained over time. We will also determine if FACE is acceptable to primarily Black inner city adult PLWA. We will recruit from four hospital-based clinics and randomize 288 patient/surrogate dyads (N=576 subjects) in a 2:1 ratio to either FACE Intervention (N=192 dyads) or Control (N=96 dyads). Participants with HIV dementia, suicidality, homicidality or psychosis will be excluded. Two 60-minuted sessions will be conducted with a trained/certified facilitator at weekly intervals: FACE Session 1: The Respecting Choices Interview (R); Session 2: Completion of The Five Wishes (c). Control will also be administered in a dyadic format: Session 1: Developmental History; Session 2: Nutrition and Exercise. Standardized self-report measures will be administered at baseline, 3 month post-intervention 6 month post-intervention, 12 month post-intervention, and 18 month post-intervention. Thus, participants will be followed for an average of 2 years. This will be the first study to test an ACP model, integrating person-centered (GMM) and variable-centered analysis (GEE) to assess study outcomes.

Eligibility


Ages Eligible for Study:	18 Years and older (Adult, Senior)
Sexes Eligible for Study:	All
Accepts Healthy Volunteers:	No

Criteria

Patient Inclusion Criteria:

HIV positive outpatients or inpatients with detectable viral load (>200 copies) twice in the past 1 year period OR CD4 count <200 OR with a co-morbidity that may significantly limit life expectancy, including malignancy, cirrhosis, cardiomyopathy, etc.
Patients with AIDS receiving dialysis, inpatients or outpatients
Patients not in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU)
Age 21 years or older
All ethnic groups
Male or female
Knows his/her HIV status
English speaking
Absence of active psychosis or homicidal or suicidal ideation, determined at baseline screening by a trained research assistant as assessed by questions from a structured questionnaire
Absence of HIV dementia, determined at screening using the HIV Dementia Scale cut off score of <10
No evidence of developmental delay
Consent from surrogate
Consent from persons living with AIDS (PLWA) aged 21 or older

Surrogate Decision-maker inclusion criteria:

Selected by patient
Age 18 or older
Willingness to discuss problems related to HIV and End Of Life (EOL)
Absence of active psychosis, homicidal ideation, or suicidal ideation determined at baseline screening by trained RA
Absence of HIV dementia, determined at screening using the HIV Dementia Scale cut off score of <10
English speaking
Consent to participate
Knows HIV status of patient

Patient Exclusion Criteria:

Patients in the ICU
Age under 21 years old
Patient unaware of HIV status
Active psychosis or homicidal or suicidal ideation, determined at baseline screening by a trained research assistant as assessed by questions from a structured questionnaire
Presence fo HIV Dementia at baseline
Developmental delay
Unable to find willing consented surrogate

Surrogate Decision-maker Exclusion Criteria:

Surrogate under age of 18 years old
Unwilling to discuss problems related to HIV and EOL
Active psychosis or homicidal or suicidal ideation, determined at baseline screening by a trained research assistant as assessed by questions from a structured questionnaire
Not an English speaker
Unwilling to consent to participate and does not know HIV status of patient

Contacts and Locations

Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the Contacts provided below. For general information, see Learn About Clinical Studies.

Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01775436

Locations


United States, District of Columbia
Georgetown University Hospital
Washington, District of Columbia, United States, 20007
Children's National Medical Center
Washington, District of Columbia, United States, 20010
Institute for Clinical Research, Inc. (Affiliated with Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center of Washington, DC)
Washington, District of Columbia, United States, 20010
MedStar Health Research Institute/Washington Hospital Center
Washington, District of Columbia, United States, 20010
George Washington University
Washington, District of Columbia, United States, 20037

Sponsors and Collaborators

Children's Research Institute

Georgetown University

George Washington University

VA Office of Research and Development

Medstar Health Research Institute

Investigators


Principal Investigator:	Maureen E Lyon, PhD	Children's Research Institute

More Information

Publications:

Kimmel AL, Wang J, Scott RK, Briggs L, Lyon ME. FAmily CEntered (FACE) advance care planning: Study design and methods for a patient-centered communication and decision-making intervention for patients with HIV/AIDS and their surrogate decision-makers. Contemp Clin Trials. 2015 Jul;43:172-8. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2015.06.003. Epub 2015 Jun 2.


Responsible Party:	Maureen Lyon, Principal Investigator, Children's Research Institute
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:	NCT01775436 History of Changes
Other Study ID Numbers:	1R01NR01405201
Study First Received:	December 20, 2012
Last Updated:	July 25, 2016

Keywords provided by Maureen Lyon, Children's Research Institute:


palliative care HIV/AIDS quality of life adherence spiritual threat appraisal treatment congruence treatment preferences	dialysis hospitalization communication family intervention Family Centered Advance Care Planning decision making advance care planning end of life

ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on June 28, 2017

Palliative Care in People Living With HIV/AIDS: Integrating Into Standard of Care (FACE)