Effects of Switching Efavirenz to Raltegravir on Vascular Function and Bone Markers in HIV-infected Patients
![]() |
The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. Read our disclaimer for details. |
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01270802 |
Recruitment Status
:
Completed
First Posted
: January 5, 2011
Results First Posted
: October 24, 2013
Last Update Posted
: December 18, 2013
|
- Study Details
- Tabular View
- Study Results
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
Condition or disease | Intervention/treatment | Phase |
---|---|---|
HIV | Drug: Tenofovir/emtricitabine Drug: Tenofovir/emtricitabine/efavirenz Drug: Raltegravir | Phase 4 |
Study Type : | Interventional (Clinical Trial) |
Actual Enrollment : | 30 participants |
Allocation: | Randomized |
Intervention Model: | Parallel Assignment |
Masking: | None (Open Label) |
Primary Purpose: | Treatment |
Official Title: | A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial Comparing Continued Antiretroviral Therapy With Tenofovir/Emtricitabine/Efavirenz (TDF/FTC/EFV) With Switch to Tenofovir/Emtricitabine/Raltegravir (TDF/FTC/RAL) on Changes in Endothelial Function and Markers of Bone Metabolism |
Study Start Date : | April 2011 |
Actual Primary Completion Date : | October 2012 |
Actual Study Completion Date : | April 2013 |

Arm | Intervention/treatment |
---|---|
Active Comparator: Tenofovir/emtricitabine/efavirenz
Tenofovir/emtricitabine/efavirenz
|
Drug: Tenofovir/emtricitabine/efavirenz
Continued therapy with tenofovir/emtricitabine/efavirenz
Other Name: Atripla
|
Experimental: Tenofovir/emtricitabine plus raltegravir
Tenofovir/emtricitabine/efavirenz is switched to tenofovir/emtricitabine plus raltegravir
|
Drug: Tenofovir/emtricitabine
Efavirenz will be switched to raltegravir 400mg orally twice daily while continuing tenofovir/emtricitabine
Other Name: Truvada
Drug: Raltegravir
Efavirenz will be switched to raltegravir 400mg orally twice daily while continuing tenofovir/emtricitabine
Other Name: Isentress
|
- Change in Flow-mediated Dilation (FMD) of the Brachial Artery [ Time Frame: Baseline and 24 weeks ]Change in FMD is a measure of change in endothelial function
- Change in Serum Levels of Vitamin D [ Time Frame: Baseline and 24 weeks ]Change in serum levels of 24-OH-vitamin D provide a measure of the amount of change in vitamin D in the body

Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies.
Ages Eligible for Study: | 18 Years and older (Adult, Senior) |
Sexes Eligible for Study: | All |
Accepts Healthy Volunteers: | No |
Inclusion Criteria:
- HIV-1 infection, documented by (1) any licensed rapid HIV test or HIV enzyme or chemiluminescence immunoassay (E/CIA) test kit at any time prior to study entry and confirmed by a licensed Western blot or a second antibody test by a method other than the initial rapid HIV and/or E/CIA, or (2) by two detectable HIV-1 antigens, or (3) two detectable plasma HIV-1 RNA viral loads.
- Age equal to or greater than 18 years.
- Receipt of TDF/FTC/EFV as the subject's initial ART regimen for at least one year prior to Screening.
Note: Interruptions in TDF/FTC/EFV of up to 10 days total during the 90 days prior to screening are allowed.
Note: Subjects who had received 3TC (lamivudine) with TDF/EFV as part of their initial regimen but have received TDF/FTC/EFV for at least one year prior to screening will be eligible.
- HIV-1 RNA level <50copies/mL at screening and with a history of having an HIV-1 RNA level of <50copies/mL between 1 and 6 months prior to screening.
- At least one genotypic resistance test done prior to initiation of TDF/FTC/EFV suggesting no evidence of antiretroviral resistance to any nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitor or non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor.
- No previous use of raltegravir or other integrase inhibitor.
- For women of reproductive potential, a negative urine pregnancy test at screening and willingness to use two forms of birth control during the course of the study. Acceptable forms of birth control include condoms (with or without a gel that can kill sperm), a diaphragm or cervical cap (with or without a gel that can kill sperm), an intrauterine device (IUD), or hormonal-based birth control ("the pill").
Exclusion Criteria:
- Inability to complete written, informed consent.
- Incarceration at the time of any study visit.
- Diagnosed vascular disease (history of angina pectoris, coronary disease, peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, aortic aneurysm, or otherwise known atherosclerotic disease).
- Diagnosed disease or process, besides HIV infection, associated with increased systemic inflammation (including, but not limited to, systemic lupus erythematosis, inflammatory bowel diseases, other collagen vascular diseases).
Note: Hepatitis B or C co-infections are NOT exclusionary
- Known or suspected malignancy requiring systemic treatment within six months of screening.
- History of ADA-defined diabetes mellitus
Note: History of gestational diabetes is not exclusionary if the potential subject does not have current ADA-defined diabetes.
- History of migraine headaches.
- History of Raynaud's phenomenon.
- History of cardiac arrhythmias or cardiomyopathy.
- Uncontrolled hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, defined as TSH values outside of the local reference range on most recent clinical assessment.
- History of hypoparathyroidism or hyperparathyroidism, even if treated.
- Known allergy or intolerance to nitroglycerin.
- History of carotid bruits.
- Creatinine clearance < 50mL/min (using the Cockcroft-Gault equation) using a serum creatinine level measured at screening.
- Hemoglobin < 9.0mg/dL at screening.
- Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) > 3 times ULN at screening.
- Total bilirubin > 2.5 times ULN at screening.
- Fever, defined as T ≥ 38.0C within 48 hours prior to screening.
Note: Fever within 48 hours prior to each main study visit will require postponement of that study visit until the patient has defervesced (T < 38.0C) for at least 48 hours; fevers continuing past the allowed study visit timeframe will result in study discontinuation.
- Therapy for acute infection or other serious medical illnesses within 14 days prior to screening.
Note: Therapy for acute infection or other serious medical illnesses that overlaps with a main study visit will result in postponement of that study visit until the course of therapy is completed; postponement outside of the allowed study visit timeframe will result in study discontinuation.
- Pregnancy or breastfeeding during the course of the study.
- Hypotension, defined as systolic blood pressure < 90mmHg, at time of screening.
Note: Hypotension noted prior to brachial artery reactivity testing on each main study visit will result in study visit postponement of at least one day until systolic pressure is ≥ 90mmHg the morning of brachial reactivity testing; postponement outside of the allowed study visit timeframe will result in study discontinuation.
- Uncontrolled hypertension, defined as systolic blood pressure > 160mmHg or diastolic blood pressure > 100mgHg at screening.
- Receipt of investigational agents, cytotoxic chemotherapy, systemic glucocorticoids (of any dose), or anabolic steroids at screening.
Note: Physiologic testosterone replacement therapy is not exclusionary.
- Receipt of lipid-lowering drugs or anticonvulsants (defined as those drugs with significant CYP 450 induction or inhibition) screening.
- Use of sildenafil, vardenafil, or tadalafil within 72 hours (before or after) of each main study visit.
- Active drug or alcohol use or dependence that, in the opinion of the investigator, would interfere with adherence to study requirements.

To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT01270802
United States, Indiana | |
Indiana University School of Medicine | |
Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, 46202 |
Principal Investigator: | Samir K Gupta, MD, MS | Indiana University School of Medicine |
Responsible Party: | Samir Gupta, Associate Professor of Medicine, Indiana University |
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | NCT01270802 History of Changes |
Other Study ID Numbers: |
Merck 38258 |
First Posted: | January 5, 2011 Key Record Dates |
Results First Posted: | October 24, 2013 |
Last Update Posted: | December 18, 2013 |
Last Verified: | November 2013 |
Keywords provided by Samir Gupta, Indiana University:
Endothelial function Vitamin D Efavirenz Raltegravir |
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Tenofovir Raltegravir Potassium Emtricitabine Efavirenz Antiviral Agents Anti-Infective Agents Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors Enzyme Inhibitors Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action |
Anti-Retroviral Agents Anti-HIV Agents HIV Integrase Inhibitors Integrase Inhibitors Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inhibitors Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 Inhibitors Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6 Inducers Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inducers Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inducers |