When to Start Anti-HIV Drugs in Children Infected With HIV (The PREDICT Study)

The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. Read our disclaimer for details.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00234091

Recruitment Status : Completed

First Posted : October 6, 2005

Last Update Posted : December 4, 2013

Sponsor:

Collaborator:

Comprehensive International Program of Research on AIDS

Information provided by (Responsible Party):

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)

Study Description

Brief Summary:

The purpose of this study is to determine when HIV infected children should begin taking anti-HIV medications in order to improve both patient quality of life and survival.

Condition or disease	Intervention/treatment	Phase
HIV Infections	Drug: Abacavir Drug: Efavirenz Drug: Lamivudine Drug: Lopinavir/Ritonavir Drug: Nelfinavir Drug: Nevirapine Drug: Zidovudine	Phase 3

Detailed Description:

The use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has resulted in a significant reduction in AIDS-related deaths and complications among adults and adolescents. However, the medical management of HIV infected children remains challenging. Access to HIV treatment is limited and early treatment initiation can cause serious complications. Since there is currently no cure for HIV, a balance between treating the disease and maintaining quality of life must be weighed carefully. An evaluation to determine the appropriate time to initiate HAART is necessary to improve both quality of life and survival for HIV infected children.

This study will last 144 weeks. All participants will have a CD4 percentage (CD4%) between 15% and 24% and will be randomly assigned to either receive immediate or delayed HAART. The HAART regimen will consist of two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, zidovudine and lamivudine. In addition, participants will also receive either one non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, nevirapine or efavirenz, or one protease inhibitor, ritonavir-boosted lopinavir or nelfinavir. Abacavir will replace zidovudine or lamivudine if participants experience toxicity to the regimen. Participants in the immediate treatment arm will receive HAART on Day 1 of the study regardless of their CD4%. Participants in the delayed treatment arm will receive HAART if their CD4% falls below 15 or if they develop a CDC Category C illness.

Study visits will occur every 4 weeks for the first 12 weeks and then every 12 weeks until the end of the study. Blood collection, physical exams, and medical and medication history reviews will occur at all visits. Adherence, quality of life, and lipodystrophy assessments will occur every 12 weeks for participants on HAART. Participants will be encouraged to enroll in a related substudy to examine the neurodevelopment of HIV infected children.

Study Design


Study Type :	Interventional (Clinical Trial)
Actual Enrollment :	300 participants
Allocation:	Randomized
Intervention Model:	Parallel Assignment
Masking:	None (Open Label)
Primary Purpose:	Treatment
Official Title:	An Open Label, Randomized Study to Compare Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Initiation When CD4 is Between 15% to 24% to ART Initiation When CD4 Falls Below 15% in Children With HIV Infection and Moderate Immune Suppression
Study Start Date :	April 2006
Actual Primary Completion Date :	September 2011
Actual Study Completion Date :	September 2011

Resource links provided by the National Library of Medicine

MedlinePlus related topics: HIV/AIDS

U.S. FDA Resources

Arms and Interventions

Arm	Intervention/treatment
Active Comparator: 1 Immediate treatment; individuals receive HAART on Day 1 of the study	Drug: Abacavir 8 mg/kg (up to 300 mg/dose) take orally twice daily Drug: Efavirenz 200 to 600 mg taken orally once daily Drug: Lamivudine 4 mg/kg (up to 150 mg/dose) taken orally twice daily Drug: Lopinavir/Ritonavir 230 mg/57.5 mg/m^2 body surface area taken orally twice daily with food Drug: Nelfinavir 45-55 mg/kg taken orally twice daily with food Drug: Nevirapine 120 mg/m^2 once daily for first 14 days, tehn 200 mg/m^2 (up to 400 mg/day) twice daily Drug: Zidovudine 180-240 mg/m^2 every 12 hours (up to 300 mg/dose)
Active Comparator: 2 Delayed treatment; individuals receive HAART if their CD4 percentage falls below 15 percentage OR if they develop a CDC category C illness	Drug: Abacavir 8 mg/kg (up to 300 mg/dose) take orally twice daily Drug: Efavirenz 200 to 600 mg taken orally once daily Drug: Lamivudine 4 mg/kg (up to 150 mg/dose) taken orally twice daily Drug: Lopinavir/Ritonavir 230 mg/57.5 mg/m^2 body surface area taken orally twice daily with food Drug: Nelfinavir 45-55 mg/kg taken orally twice daily with food Drug: Nevirapine 120 mg/m^2 once daily for first 14 days, tehn 200 mg/m^2 (up to 400 mg/day) twice daily Drug: Zidovudine 180-240 mg/m^2 every 12 hours (up to 300 mg/dose)

Arm

Intervention/treatment

Active Comparator: 1

Immediate treatment; individuals receive HAART on Day 1 of the study

Drug: Abacavir

8 mg/kg (up to 300 mg/dose) take orally twice daily

Drug: Efavirenz

200 to 600 mg taken orally once daily

Drug: Lamivudine

4 mg/kg (up to 150 mg/dose) taken orally twice daily

Drug: Lopinavir/Ritonavir

230 mg/57.5 mg/m^2 body surface area taken orally twice daily with food

Drug: Nelfinavir

45-55 mg/kg taken orally twice daily with food

Drug: Nevirapine

120 mg/m^2 once daily for first 14 days, tehn 200 mg/m^2 (up to 400 mg/day) twice daily

Drug: Zidovudine

180-240 mg/m^2 every 12 hours (up to 300 mg/dose)

Active Comparator: 2

Delayed treatment; individuals receive HAART if their CD4 percentage falls below 15 percentage OR if they develop a CDC category C illness

Drug: Abacavir

8 mg/kg (up to 300 mg/dose) take orally twice daily

Drug: Efavirenz

200 to 600 mg taken orally once daily

Drug: Lamivudine

4 mg/kg (up to 150 mg/dose) taken orally twice daily

Drug: Lopinavir/Ritonavir

230 mg/57.5 mg/m^2 body surface area taken orally twice daily with food

Drug: Nelfinavir

45-55 mg/kg taken orally twice daily with food

Drug: Nevirapine

120 mg/m^2 once daily for first 14 days, tehn 200 mg/m^2 (up to 400 mg/day) twice daily

Drug: Zidovudine

180-240 mg/m^2 every 12 hours (up to 300 mg/dose)

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures :

AIDS-free survival [ Time Frame: Week 144 ]

Secondary Outcome Measures :

Direct and indirect cost of treatment per patient [ Time Frame: Week 144 ]
Number and duration of hospitalizations [ Time Frame: throughout study ]
Time to and number of Grades 3 or 4 HAART-related toxicity and intolerance [ Time Frame: throughout study ]
Number of HAART regimen changes [ Time Frame: throughout study ]
Number of Grades 1 or 2 infectious episodes [ Time Frame: throughout study ]
Number of courses of antibiotics used [ Time Frame: throughout study ]
Number of HIV-related clinical events [ Time Frame: throughout study ]
Virologic failure, defined as HIV viral load of 1000 copies/ml [ Time Frame: Week 24 after HAART initiation ]
Presence of a resistance mutation in participants with virologic failure [ Time Frame: throughout study ]
Change of growth in Z scores [ Time Frame: study entry to Week 144 ]
Change in CD4% and time-weighted average change [ Time Frame: study entry and Week 144 ]
CD4 less than 10% [ Time Frame: Week 144 ]
Average scores of the child's quality of life over time [ Time Frame: Week 144 ]
Percentage adherence to HAART over time by pill count/weighing liquid medication bottles, self report, and questionnaire [ Time Frame: throughout study ]
Presence of iron deficiency anemia [ Time Frame: study entry and Weeks 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 144 ]
HIV viral sequence [ Time Frame: study entry and treatment failure ]
HIV viral replication capacity [ Time Frame: throughout study ]
Cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) response [ Time Frame: throughout study ]
Percentage of different T-cell subsets [ Time Frame: study entry and Weeks 48, 96, and 144 ]

Eligibility Criteria

Information from the National Library of Medicine

Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies.


Ages Eligible for Study:	1 Year to 12 Years (Child)
Sexes Eligible for Study:	All
Accepts Healthy Volunteers:	No

Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

HIV-1 infected
Antiretroviral naive, defined as never receiving anti-HIV medications, receiving them for less than 7 days, or only receiving them to prevent mother-to-child transmission (MTCT)
CD4% between 15 and 24 within 30 days prior to study entry
CDC pediatric clinical classification A or B
Parent or guardian willing to provide informed consent and willing to follow all study procedures and requirements

Exclusion Criteria:

Use of systemic chemotherapy, immunomodulators, HIV vaccines, immune globulin, interleukins, or interferons within 30 days prior to study entry
Active AIDS-defining illnesses (CDC Category C) within 30 days prior to study entry
Certain abnormal laboratory values
Known kidney disease
Known allergy or sensitivity to study drugs
Require certain medications
Pregnancy

Contacts and Locations

Information from the National Library of Medicine

To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.

Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT00234091

Locations


Cambodia
National Pediatric Hosp., Cambodia CIPRA CRS
Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Social Health Clinic, Cambodia CIPRA CRS
Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Thailand
Hiv-Nat Cipra Crs
Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand, 10330
Chiang Rai Regional Hosp. CIPRA CRS
Muang, Chiang Rai, Thailand, 57000
Prapokklao Hosp. CIPRA CRS
Chantaburi, Thailand, 22000
Nakornping Hosp. CIPRA CRS
Chiang Mai, Thailand, 50180
Queen Savang Vadhana Memorial Hosp. CIPRA CRS
Chonburi, Thailand, 20110
Srinagarind Hosp. CIPRA CRS
Khon Kaen, Thailand, 40002
Bamrasnaradura Institute CIPRA CRS
Nonthaburi, Thailand, 11000

Sponsors and Collaborators

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)

Comprehensive International Program of Research on AIDS

Investigators


Study Chair:	Kiat Ruxrungtham, MD, MPH	Department of Medicine at Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
Study Chair:	Saphonn Vonthanak, MD, PhD	National Center for HIV/AIDS, Dermatology, and STDs, Phnom Penh, Cambodia

More Information

Additional Information:

Click here for more information about the HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT) This link exits the ClinicalTrials.gov site

This link exits the ClinicalTrials.gov site

Publications:

Lindsey JC, Malee KM, Brouwers P, Hughes MD; PACTG 219C Study Team. Neurodevelopmental functioning in HIV-infected infants and young children before and after the introduction of protease inhibitor-based highly active antiretroviral therapy. Pediatrics. 2007 Mar;119(3):e681-93. Epub 2007 Feb 12.

Nikolic-Djokic D, Essajee S, Rigaud M, Kaul A, Chandwani S, Hoover W, Lawrence R, Pollack H, Sitnitskaya Y, Hagmann S, Jean-Philippe P, Chen SH, Radding J, Krasinski K, Borkowsky W. Immunoreconstitution in children receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy depends on the CD4 cell percentage at baseline. J Infect Dis. 2002 Feb 1;185(3):290-8. Epub 2002 Jan 8.

Puthanakit T, Aurpibul L, Oberdorfer P, Akarathum N, Kanjananit S, Wannarit P, Sirisanthana T, Sirisanthana V. Hospitalization and mortality among HIV-infected children after receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Feb 15;44(4):599-604. Epub 2007 Jan 9.

Walker AS, Doerholt K, Sharland M, Gibb DM; Collaborative HIV Paediatric Study (CHIPS) Steering Committee. Response to highly active antiretroviral therapy varies with age: the UK and Ireland Collaborative HIV Paediatric Study. AIDS. 2004 Sep 24;18(14):1915-24.

Publications automatically indexed to this study by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number):

Bunupuradah T, Hansudewechakul R, Kosalaraksa P, Ngampiyaskul C, Kanjanavanit S, Wongsawat J, Luesomboon W, Sophonphan J, Puthanakit T, Ruxrungtham K, Shearer WT, Ananworanich J; PREDICT study group. HLA-DRB1454 and predictors of new-onset asthma in HIV-infected Thai children. Clin Immunol. 2015 Mar;157(1):26-9. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2014.12.006. Epub 2014 Dec 26.

Intasan J, Bunupuradah T, Vonthanak S, Kosalaraksa P, Hansudewechakul R, Kanjanavanit S, Ngampiyaskul C, Wongsawat J, Luesomboon W, Apornpong T, Kerr S, Ananworanich J, Puthanakit T; PREDICT Study Group. Comparison of adherence monitoring tools and correlation to virologic failure in a pediatric HIV clinical trial. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2014 Jun;28(6):296-302. doi: 10.1089/apc.2013.0276.

Puthanakit T, Saphonn V, Ananworanich J, Kosalaraksa P, Hansudewechakul R, Vibol U, Kerr SJ, Kanjanavanit S, Ngampiyaskul C, Wongsawat J, Luesomboon W, Ngo-Giang-Huong N, Chettra K, Cheunyam T, Suwarnlerk T, Ubolyam S, Shearer WT, Paul R, Mofenson LM, Fox L, Law MG, Cooper DA, Phanuphak P, Vun MC, Ruxrungtham K; PREDICT Study Group. Early versus deferred antiretroviral therapy for children older than 1 year infected with HIV (PREDICT): a multicentre, randomised, open-label trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2012 Dec;12(12):933-41. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(12)70242-6. Epub 2012 Oct 9.

Kosalaraksa P, Bunupuradah T, Vonthanak S, Wiangnon S, Hansudewechakul R, Vibol U, Kanjanavanit S, Ngampiyaskul C, Wongsawat J, Luesomboon W, Lumbiganon P, Sopa B, Apornpong T, Chuenyam T, Cooper DA, Ruxrungtham K, Ananworanich J, Puthanakit T. Prevalence of anemia and underlying iron status in naive antiretroviral therapy HIV-infected children with moderate immune suppression. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2012 Dec;28(12):1679-86. doi: 10.1089/AID.2011.0373. Epub 2012 Jul 25.

Bunupuradah T, Ubolyam S, Hansudewechakul R, Kosalaraksa P, Ngampiyaskul C, Kanjanavanit S, Wongsawat J, Luesomboon W, Pinyakorn S, Kerr S, Ananworanich J, Chomtho S, van der Lugt J, Luplertlop N, Ruxrungtham K, Puthanakit T; PREDICT study group. Correlation of selenium and zinc levels to antiretroviral treatment outcomes in Thai HIV-infected children without severe HIV symptoms. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2012 Aug;66(8):900-5. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2012.57. Epub 2012 Jun 20.

Kanjanavanit S, Puthanakit T, Vibol U, Kosalaraksa P, Hansudewechakul R, Ngampiyasakul C, Wongsawat J, Luesomboon W, Wongsabut J, Mahanontharit A, Suwanlerk T, Saphonn V, Ananworanich J, Ruxrungtham K; PREDICT study group. High prevalence of lipid abnormalities among antiretroviral-naive HIV-infected Asian children with mild-to-moderate immunosuppression. Antivir Ther. 2011;16(8):1351-5. doi: 10.3851/IMP1897.

Bunupuradah T, Puthanakit T, Kosalaraksa P, Kerr SJ, Kariminia A, Hansudewechakul R, Kanjanavanit S, Ngampiyaskul C, Wongsawat J, Luesomboon W, Chuenyam T, Vonthanak S, Vun MC, Vibol U, Vannary B, Ruxrungtham K, Ananworanich J; PREDICT Study Group. Poor quality of life among untreated Thai and Cambodian children without severe HIV symptoms. AIDS Care. 2012;24(1):30-8. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2011.592815. Epub 2011 Jul 21.

Ananworanich J, Apornpong T, Kosalaraksa P, Jaimulwong T, Hansudewechakul R, Pancharoen C, Bunupuradah T, Chandara M, Puthanakit T, Ngampiyasakul C, Wongsawat J, Kanjanavanit S, Luesomboon W, Klangsinsirikul P, Ngo-Giang-Huong N, Kerr SJ, Ubolyam S, Mengthaisong T, Gelman RS, Pattanapanyasat K, Saphonn V, Ruxrungtham K, Shearer WT; PREDICT Study Group. Characteristics of lymphocyte subsets in HIV-infected, long-term nonprogressor, and healthy Asian children through 12 years of age. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010 Dec;126(6):1294-301.e10. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.09.038.

Wongsawat J, Puthanakit T, Kanjanavanit S, Hansudewechakul R, Ngampiyaskul C, Kerr SJ, Ubolyam S, Suwanlerk T, Kosalaraksa P, Luesomboon W, Ngo-Giang-Huong N, Chandara M, Saphonn V, Ruxrungtham K, Ananworanich J; PREDICT Study Group. CD4 cell count criteria to determine when to initiate antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2010 Oct;29(10):966-8. doi: 10.1097/INF.0b013e3181e0554c.


Responsible Party:	National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:	NCT00234091 History of Changes
Other Study ID Numbers:	CIPRA TH001 PREDICT 10409 ( Registry Identifier: DAIDS ES )
First Posted:	October 6, 2005 Key Record Dates
Last Update Posted:	December 4, 2013
Last Verified:	December 2013

Keywords provided by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID):


Treatment Naive Treatment Initiation Infant Preschool Child Child Zidovudine AZT Retrovir 3TC Lamivudine Epivir Nevirapine NVP	Viramune Efavirenz EFV Sustiva Lopinavir/Ritonavir LPV/r Kaletra Nelfinavir NFV Viracept ABC Abacavir Ziagen

Additional relevant MeSH terms:


Infection HIV Infections Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Lentivirus Infections Retroviridae Infections RNA Virus Infections Virus Diseases Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral Sexually Transmitted Diseases Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes Immune System Diseases Slow Virus Diseases Ritonavir Lopinavir Nelfinavir	Lamivudine Zidovudine Nevirapine Abacavir Efavirenz HIV Protease Inhibitors Protease Inhibitors Enzyme Inhibitors Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action Anti-HIV Agents Anti-Retroviral Agents Antiviral Agents Anti-Infective Agents Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors

To Top