Study of AZD9291 in NSCLC Patients Harboring T790M Mutation Who Failed EGFR TKI and With Brain and/or LMS

• ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03257124
• Recruitment Status: Unknown
• First Posted: August 22, 2017
• Last Update Posted: September 7, 2017
• Sponsor: Samsung Medical Center
• Information provided by (Responsible Party): Myung-Ju Ahn, Samsung Medical Center

Study Description

Brief Summary:

AZD9291 is an oral potent irreversible EGFR TKI selective for sensitizing EGFR mutation and T790M resistance mutation but sparing wild-type EGFR. Preclinical studies indicate that AZD9291 has significant exposure in the brain and activity against EGFR mutant brain metastasis. In addition, anti-tumor activities of AZD9291 in patients with advanced stage EGFR mutant NSCLC including patients with brain metastasis have been reported in an ongoing Phase I study. More recently, AZD9291 at a dose of 160mg also showed promising efficacy in heavily pre-treated patients with leptomeningeal disease from EGFR mutant NSCLC. Among 11 evaluable for response, 6 patients had LM imaging improvement and 3 out of 7 patients with abnormal neurological exam at baseline had symptomatic improvement. Compared to AZD9291, other 3rd generation EGFR TKIs, rociletinib or HM61713 has not been reported to be effective in most of CNS disease of NSCLC. Further, previous studies with AZD9291 showed anecdotal case series or undetermined for T790M mutation status, indicating more systematic study is warranted.

Based on these data, the investigators are going to conduct phase II study of AZD9291 in NSCLC patients harboring T790M mutation who failed EGFR TKIs and brain and/or leptomeningeal metastasis.

Condition or disease	Intervention/treatment	Phase
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With EGFR T790M Mutation; With Brain and/or Leptomeningeal Metastasis; Failed Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors	Drug: AZD9291	Phase 2

Detailed Description:

1. Primary end points

   • Overall response rate (ORR) in CNS -brain metastasis cohort
   • Overall survival - Leptomeningeal with or without brain metastasis cohort

2. Secondary end points

   • Whole body disease control rate (DCR)
   • Time to brain progression
   • Progression free survival (PFS) in BM cohort
   • Overall survival (OS)
   • Adverse events (AEs)
   • Exploratory analysis of EGFR mutation/T790M in tissue, plasma or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
3. Treatment AZD9291 160mg po daily (1 cycle of 28 days)
4. Total patient sample size Eligible patients will be divided into two cohorts, brain metastasis (BM) cohort and leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) with or without BM cohort. The two patient cohorts use different primary endpoints.

5. BM cohort For the BM cohort, the primary outcome is overall response (CR+PR). Let P denote the overall response rate of AZD9291. From some preliminary data of response in the brain or leptomeningeal seeding with AZD 9291 in phase II AURA and BLOOM study, we hypothesized that H0:P= 10% and H1:P =30%. The BM cohort uses Simon's optimal two-stage design as follows.

   Stage 1: Treat n1 = 18 patients. If r1 = 2 or fewer patients respond, stop the BM cohort concluding that the study therapy is inefficacious. Otherwise, proceed to Stage 2.

   Stage 2: Treat additional n2 = 17 patients. If r = 6 or fewer patients respond among the cumulative n1 + n2 = 35 patients, then conclude that the study therapy is inefficacious. Otherwise, accept the study therapy for further investigation.

   This design has 1-sided alpha = 5% for P0 = 10% and power = 90% for P1 = 30%. Considering about 10%, of attrition due to ineligibility and dropout, a total of 40 patients will be enrolled into the BM cohort.

6. LM ± BM cohort

   The primary outcome of the LM ± BM cohort is overall survival (OS). Let μ denote the median OS of AZD9291 in this cohort. Based on some preliminary results (we need a reference), we hypothesize that H0: μ=3 months vs. H1: μ=5 months. Assuming an exponential OS distribution under H0, the investigators will conduct the 1-sample log-rank test. In this cohort, the investigators expect an accrual rate of 30 patients per year and about 10% of attrition, and will have an additional follow-up of 6 months after completion of accrual. Under these assumptions, we need N=40 patients (D=29 deaths) for 90% of power by the 1-sample log-rank test with 1-sided alpha=5% (refer to Kwak and Jung 2013). The trial of this cohort is expected to take about 22 months (=16 months for patient accrual + 6 months for additional follow-up).

7. Statistical analysis plan

The analysis is conducted separately for each cohort. OS, PFS, and time to brain progression will be summarized by Kaplan-Meier method. DCR and AEs will be summarized using contingency tables. Cohort specific analyses are conducted as follows.

BM cohort

Two-stage testing on ORR will be conducted as described in "Target number" section. If the final sample size is different from n1=18 or n1 + n2=35, then a 1-sided p-value will be calculated by Jung et al. (2006) and accept the experimental therapy if it is smaller than alpha = 5%. The ORR will be unbiasedly estimated by Jung and Kim (2004), and its confidence interval will be calculated by Jennison and Turnbull (1983).

LM ± BM cohort

The final analysis of this cohort will be conducted when D29 deaths are observed, which is expected to be about 22 months from the study open. The investigators will conduct a 1-sample log-rank test assuming the exponential OS distribution with a median of 3 months under H0.

Study Design

• Study Type: Interventional (Clinical Trial)
• Estimated Enrollment: 80 participants
• Allocation: N/A
• Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment

Intervention Model Description

1. Brain Metastasis cohort (BM cohort)
2. Leptomeningeal Metastasis cohort (LM cohort)

• Masking: None (Open Label)
• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Official Title: An Open Label, Multicenter, Phase II Study of AZD9291 in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Patients Harboring T790M Mutation Who Failed EGFR TKIs and With Brain and/or Leptomeningeal Metastasis
• Actual Study Start Date: May 8, 2017
• Estimated Primary Completion Date: December 31, 2018
• Estimated Study Completion Date: December 31, 2019

Arms and Interventions

Arm	Intervention/treatment
Experimental: AZD9291 in BM or LM cohort in T790M positive; Brain metastasis cohort (BM cohort); Leptomeningeal metastasis cohort (LM cohort)	Drug: AZD9291; AZD9291 160mg per oral daily (1 cycle of 28 days)

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures :

1. Overall response rate (ORR) in CNS -brain metastasis cohort [ Time Frame: December, 2019 (one-year follow-up from last patient -in) ]
   At least one visit response of CR (complete response) or PR (partial response) that is confirmed at least 4 weeks later by using RECIST 1.1 criteria
2. Overall survival - Leptomeningeal with or without brain metastasis cohort [ Time Frame: From date of randomization until the date of first documented progression or date of death from any cause, whichever came first, assessed up to 100 months ]
   From the date of study start to the date of all cause death

Secondary Outcome Measures :

1. Whole body disease control rate (DCR) [ Time Frame: December, 2019 (one-year follow-up from last patient -in) ]
   At least one visit response of CR (complete response), PR (partial response) or SD (stable disease) that is confirmed at least 4 weeks later by using RECIST 1.1 criteria.
2. Time to brain progression [ Time Frame: December, 2019 (one-year follow-up from last patient -in) ]
   Time to brain progression is measured from the date of start of study to the date of progression of BM or LM.
3. Progression free survival (PFS) in BM cohort [ Time Frame: December, 2019 (one-year follow-up from last patient -in) ]
   measured from the date of start of study to the date of disease progression or death from any cause.
4. Overall survival (OS) [ Time Frame: December, 2019 (one-year follow-up from last patient -in) ]
   OS is measured from the date of start of study to the date of death from any cause
5. Adverse events (AEs) [ Time Frame: December, 2019 (one-year follow-up from last patient -in) ]
   Adverse events will be measured by the CTCAE scale, version 4.
6. Exploratory analysis of EGFR mutation/T790M [ Time Frame: December, 2019 (one-year follow-up from last patient -in) ]
   Exploratory analysis of EGFR mutation/T790M in tissue, plasma or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 Years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Sexes Eligible for Study: All
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

• EGFR activating mutant NSCLC patients who failed EGFR TKIs (gefitinib, erlotinib, or afatinib) and develop CNS disease (BM and/or LM) with T790M mutation either tissue or plasma. For patients with intracranial progression, prior radiation therapy is not mandatory. Extracranial progression is allowed.
• Patients who failed to 3rd generation EGFR TKIs (AZD9291 (80mg), Rociletinib, HM61713) and develop CNS progression but stable extracranial disease
• Age ≥18 years
• ECOG performance status of 0 to 2
• For BM, at least one measurable intracranial lesion as ≥ 10mm in the longest diameter by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
• For LM, at least one site of CNS leptomeningeal disease that can be assessed by MRI

• Adequate organ function as evidenced by the following;

  • Absolute neutrophil count > 1.5 x 109/L;
  • platelets > 100 x 109/L;
  • total bilirubin ≤1.5 UNL;
  • AST and/or ALT < 5 UNL;
  • CCr ≥ 50mL/min.
• Female subjects must either be of non-reproductive potential
• Subject is willing and able to comply with the protocol
• Signed written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

• Radiotherapy with a wide field of radiation within 4 weeks or radiotherapy with a limited field of radiation for palliation within 1 week
• Any unresolved toxicities from prior therapy, greater than CTCAE grade 1
• Mean QT interval corrected for heart rate (QTc) ≥ 470 ms
• Uncontrolled systemic illness including uncontrolled hypertension, active bleeding, or active infection.
• Past medical history of interstitial lung disease, drug induced interstitial lung disease, radiation pneumonitis which required steroid treatment
• History of hypersensitivity to AZD9291
• Known intracranial haemorrahge which is unrelated to tumor Refractory nausea and vomiting

Contacts and Locations

Contacts

Contact: Myung-Ju Ahn, Professor; 82-2-3410-3438; silk.ahn@samsung.com

Locations

Korea, Republic of

Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Recruiting

Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 135-710

Contact: Myung-Ju Ahn, M.D. +82-2-3410-3438 silk.ahn@samsung.com

Sponsors and Collaborators

Samsung Medical Center

More Information

Publications:

Mok TS, Wu YL, Thongprasert S, Yang CH, Chu DT, Saijo N, Sunpaweravong P, Han B, Margono B, Ichinose Y, Nishiwaki Y, Ohe Y, Yang JJ, Chewaskulyong B, Jiang H, Duffield EL, Watkins CL, Armour AA, Fukuoka M. Gefitinib or carboplatin-paclitaxel in pulmonary adenocarcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2009 Sep 3;361(10):947-57. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0810699. Epub 2009 Aug 19.

Bonomi PD. Implications of key trials in advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer. Cancer. 2010 Mar 1;116(5):1155-64. doi: 10.1002/cncr.24815. Review.

Mok TS. Personalized medicine in lung cancer: what we need to know. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2011 Aug 23;8(11):661-8. doi: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2011.126. Review.

Lee SJ, Lee JI, Nam DH, Ahn YC, Han JH, Sun JM, Ahn JS, Park K, Ahn MJ. Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis in non-small-cell lung cancer patients: impact on survival and correlated prognostic factors. J Thorac Oncol. 2013 Feb;8(2):185-91. doi: 10.1097/JTO.0b013e3182773f21.

Lee E, Keam B, Kim DW, Kim TM, Lee SH, Chung DH, Heo DS. Erlotinib versus gefitinib for control of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis in non-small-cell lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol. 2013 Aug;8(8):1069-74. doi: 10.1097/JTO.0b013e318294c8e8.

Gow CH, Chien CR, Chang YL, Chiu YH, Kuo SH, Shih JY, Chang YC, Yu CJ, Yang CH, Yang PC. Radiotherapy in lung adenocarcinoma with brain metastases: effects of activating epidermal growth factor receptor mutations on clinical response. Clin Cancer Res. 2008 Jan 1;14(1):162-8. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-1468.

Wu YL, Zhou C, Cheng Y, Lu S, Chen GY, Huang C, Huang YS, Yan HH, Ren S, Liu Y, Yang JJ. Erlotinib as second-line treatment in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer and asymptomatic brain metastases: a phase II study (CTONG-0803). Ann Oncol. 2013 Apr;24(4):993-9. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mds529. Epub 2012 Nov 4.

Umemura S, Tsubouchi K, Yoshioka H, Hotta K, Takigawa N, Fujiwara K, Horita N, Segawa Y, Hamada N, Takata I, Yamane H, Kamei H, Kiura K, Tanimoto M. Clinical outcome in patients with leptomeningeal metastasis from non-small cell lung cancer: Okayama Lung Cancer Study Group. Lung Cancer. 2012 Jul;77(1):134-9. doi: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2012.03.002. Epub 2012 Apr 7.

Pao W, Miller VA, Politi KA, Riely GJ, Somwar R, Zakowski MF, Kris MG, Varmus H. Acquired resistance of lung adenocarcinomas to gefitinib or erlotinib is associated with a second mutation in the EGFR kinase domain. PLoS Med. 2005 Mar;2(3):e73. Epub 2005 Feb 22.

Planchard D, Loriot Y, André F, Gobert A, Auger N, Lacroix L, Soria JC. EGFR-independent mechanisms of acquired resistance to AZD9291 in EGFR T790M-positive NSCLC patients. Ann Oncol. 2015 Oct;26(10):2073-8. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdv319. Epub 2015 Aug 12.

Jänne PA, Yang JC, Kim DW, Planchard D, Ohe Y, Ramalingam SS, Ahn MJ, Kim SW, Su WC, Horn L, Haggstrom D, Felip E, Kim JH, Frewer P, Cantarini M, Brown KH, Dickinson PA, Ghiorghiu S, Ranson M. AZD9291 in EGFR inhibitor-resistant non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2015 Apr 30;372(18):1689-99. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1411817.

Cross DA, Ashton SE, Ghiorghiu S, Eberlein C, Nebhan CA, Spitzler PJ, Orme JP, Finlay MR, Ward RA, Mellor MJ, Hughes G, Rahi A, Jacobs VN, Red Brewer M, Ichihara E, Sun J, Jin H, Ballard P, Al-Kadhimi K, Rowlinson R, Klinowska T, Richmond GH, Cantarini M, Kim DW, Ranson MR, Pao W. AZD9291, an irreversible EGFR TKI, overcomes T790M-mediated resistance to EGFR inhibitors in lung cancer. Cancer Discov. 2014 Sep;4(9):1046-61. doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-14-0337. Epub 2014 Jun 3.

Publications automatically indexed to this study by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number):

Park S, Lee MH, Seong M, Kim ST, Kang JH, Cho BC, Lee KH, Cho EK, Sun JM, Lee SH, Ahn JS, Park K, Ahn MJ. A phase II, multicenter, two cohort study of 160 mg osimertinib in EGFR T790M-positive non-small-cell lung cancer patients with brain metastases or leptomeningeal disease who progressed on prior EGFR TKI therapy. Ann Oncol. 2020 Oct;31(10):1397-1404. doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.06.017. Epub 2020 Jul 5.

• Responsible Party: Myung-Ju Ahn, Professor, Samsung Medical Center
• ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03257124
• Other Study ID Numbers: 2016-09-058
• First Posted: August 22, 2017
• Last Update Posted: September 7, 2017
• Last Verified: September 2017

Individual Participant Data (IPD) Sharing Statement:

• Plan to Share IPD: No

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product: No
• Product Manufactured in and Exported from the U.S.: No

Additional relevant MeSH terms:

Lung Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Neoplasm Metastasis; Meningeal Carcinomatosis; Respiratory Tract Neoplasms; Thoracic Neoplasms; Neoplasms by Site; Neoplasms; Lung Diseases; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Carcinoma, Bronchogenic; Bronchial Neoplasms; Neoplastic Processes; Pathologic Processes; Meningeal Neoplasms; Central Nervous System Neoplasms; Nervous System Neoplasms; Nervous System Diseases; Osimertinib; Antineoplastic Agents; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Enzyme Inhibitors; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action