Carfilzomib, Lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone for Smoldering Multiple Myeloma

• ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01572480
• Recruitment Status: Active, not recruiting
• First Posted: April 6, 2012
• Last Update Posted: December 30, 2021
• Sponsor: National Cancer Institute (NCI)
• Information provided by (Responsible Party): National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC) ( National Cancer Institute (NCI) )

Study Description

Brief Summary:

Background:

• Multiple myeloma is a blood cancer that affects the plasma cells. These cells help produce antibodies and fight infection. Smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) is a related condition that may develop into multiple myeloma. The current standard of care for SMM is close follow-up without treatment until multiple myeloma develops. However, researchers are studying possible treatments for SMM itself. One possible treatment involves a combination of cancer treatment drugs.
• Lenalidomide is a drug that may help reduce or prevent the growth of cancer cells. Dexamethasone is a steroid that is often given with other anti-cancer drugs. These two drugs are an approved treatment for multiple myeloma that has not responded to at least one other treatment. Carfilzomib is an experimental drug that has been effective in treating multiple myeloma. Researchers want to combine these three drugs to see if they are a safe and effective treatment for SMM.

Objectives:

- To see if carfilzomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone are a safe and effective treatment for smoldering multiple myeloma.

Eligibility:

- Individuals at least 18 years of age who have SMM that is likely to progress to multiple myeloma.

Design:

• Participants will be screened with a physical exam and medical history. They will also have blood and urine tests, and baseline bone marrow scans. Bone marrow samples will also be collected.
• Participants will have eight 28-day cycles of treatment with the three study drugs. The drugs will be given as tablets or as infusions. Treatment will be monitored with frequent blood tests and study visits.
• After the first four cycles, participants who are eligible for a stem cell transplant will have their stem cells collected and stored for future use.
• At the end of eight cycles, participants whose disease has not progressed will have up to 12 more cycles of treatment with lenalidomide tablets alone.

Condition or disease	Intervention/treatment	Phase
Multiple Myeloma	Drug: Carfilzomib; Drug: Revlimid; Drug: Dexamethasone	Phase 2

Detailed Description:

Background:

SMM is a precursor condition to MM defined by the clinical parameters of M-protein >= 3.0 g/dL or bone marrow plasma cells >= 10% and absence of end organ disease.

Risk of progression of high risk SMM at 5 years is 72-75% with median time to progression < 2 years.

The current standard of care for SMM is close follow-up without treatment until symptomatic MM develops. However, IMWG states "Preventive clinical trials need to be considered for patients with high risk smoldering myeloma".

Carfilzomib is a new proteasome inhibitor with potent anti-MM effects

Objectives:

To assess the response rate of CRd in patients with high-risk SMM, focusing on the

MRD(-) CR rate

Eligibility:

SMM according to the International Myeloma Working Group definition; i.e.:

Serum M-protein >=3 g/dl and/or bone marrow plasma cells >=10 % and < 60%

Absence of anemia: Hemoglobin >10 g/dl

Absence of renal failure: serum creatinine < 2.0 mg/dL.

Absence of hypercalcemia: Ca < 10.5 mg/dl or 2.65 mmol/L

Absence of lytic bone lesion

Involved/un-involved light chain ratio must be < 100

Measurable disease

High-risk SMM per Mayo Clinic, Spanish PETHEMA, or the Rajkumar, Landgren, Mateos criteria

Age >=18 years

Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0-2

Adequate laboratory parameters as defined in the protocol

Design:

Single arm pilot trial of combination therapy (carfilzomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone) for high risk smoldering multiple myeloma

Patients will receive 8 cycles of induction combination therapy of CRd

Each cycle consists of 28-days

After 4 cycles of therapy, transplant eligible patients may choose to undergo stem cell collection

After 8 cycles of CRd, patients will receive lenalidomide extended dosing (phase I) for 12 cycles. After 12 cycles, patients will have the option to continue extended dosing (phase II) for one additional year.

Patients will have routine blood work with SPEP and free light chains monthly during the induction phase. Laboratory evaluations may be spread out to every 3 months during the maintenance and follow-up phases.

Pre-treatment, post-treatment and follow-up bone marrow biopsies will be obtained for confirmation of diagnosis, response and correlative studies

Patients will also undergo evaluation for minimal residual disease at regular interval time points, using multi-parametric flow cytometry and FDG PET-CT

This single arm pilot study will plan on initially enrolling 12 evaluable patients to detect a VGPR from baseline. A replicate cohort of 16 evaluable patients will then be enrolled in order to more precisely define the response rate to the CRd regimen in this population. Accrual will then be extended to a total of 50 evaluable patients in order to estimate the MRD(-) CR rate with reasonable precision. To allow for a number of inevaluable patients and screen failures, the accrual ceiling will be set at 63.

Study Design

• Study Type: Interventional (Clinical Trial)
• Actual Enrollment: 55 participants
• Allocation: N/A
• Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)
• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Official Title: Carfilzomib, Lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone in High-Risk Smoldering Multiple Myeloma: a Clinical and Correlative Pilot Study
• Actual Study Start Date: May 29, 2012
• Estimated Primary Completion Date: June 1, 2023
• Estimated Study Completion Date: June 1, 2025

Arms and Interventions

Arm	Intervention/treatment
Experimental: A - (closed); Carfilzomib (IV, Days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, and 16 of the 28-day cycle); Revlimid (PO, Days 1-21 of the 28-day cycle; exception: not given on cycle 1 day 1); and, Dexamethasone (PO or IV, Days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16, 22, and 23 of the 28-day cycle; exception: not given on cycle 1 day 1)	Drug: Carfilzomib; Carfilzomib (IV) 20-36 mg/m2 per dose on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, and 16 of each cycle based on arm; until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.; Drug: Revlimid; Revlimid (PO) 25 mg/day, days 1 21 every 28 days of each cycle based on arm; until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.; Drug: Dexamethasone; Dexamethasone (PO) 20 mg per dose on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16, 22, and 23 of each cycle based on arm; until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Experimental: B; Carfilzomib (IV, Days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, and 16 of the 28-day cycle); Revlimid (PO, Days 1-21 of the 28-day cycle); and, Dexamethasone (PO or IV, Days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16, 22, and 23 of the 28-day cycle)	Drug: Carfilzomib; Carfilzomib (IV) 20-36 mg/m2 per dose on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, and 16 of each cycle based on arm; until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.; Drug: Revlimid; Revlimid (PO) 25 mg/day, days 1 21 every 28 days of each cycle based on arm; until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.; Drug: Dexamethasone; Dexamethasone (PO) 20 mg per dose on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16, 22, and 23 of each cycle based on arm; until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures :

1. Response Rate [ Time Frame: 8 months ]
   VGPR decline/response rate will be assessed using simple two-sided 90% confidence intervals at the evaluation time points

Secondary Outcome Measures :

1. Progression Free Survival [ Time Frame: at time of disease progression ]
   The time of study entry to progression or death.
2. Duration of Response [ Time Frame: at time of disease progression ]
   The time from response to disease progression or death

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 Years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Sexes Eligible for Study: All
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Criteria

• INCLUSION CRITERIA:

Patients must have histologically or cytologically confirmed Smoldering Multiple Myeloma confirmed by the Laboratory of Pathology, NCI or the Department of Laboratory Medicine, CC based on the International Myeloma Working Group Criteria:

• Serum M-protein greater than or equal to 3 g/dl and/or bone marrow plasma cells greater than or equal 10% and <60%
• Absence of anemia: Hemoglobin >10 g/dl
• Absence of renal failure: serum creatinine < 2.0 mg/dL
• Absence of hypercalcemia: Ca <10.5 mg/dl
• Absence of lytic bone lesion on X-ray, CT, or PET/CT and not more than 1 lesion on spinal MRI. (NOTE: At the discretion of the investigator, PET/CT may replace MRI in patients who have a contraindication to MRI.)
• Involved-un-involved light chain ratio must be <100

Measurable disease within the past 4 weeks defined by any one of the following:

• Serum monoclonal protein greater than or equal to 1.0 g/dl
• Urine monoclonal protein >200 mg/24 hour
• Serum immunoglobulin free light chain >10 mg/dL AND abnormal kappa/lambda ratio

NOTE: As of Amendment L (version date 05/17/2018), the primary endpoint is MRD(-) CR rate; therefore, per the discretion of the Principal Investigator, patients without measurable disease (e.g., M-spike <1) may also be enrolled. This is in line with the most recent IMWG MM response criteria.

Age greater than or equal to 18 years. Because no dosing or adverse event data are currently available on the use of carfilzomib in combination with lenalidomide in patients <18 years of age, children are excluded from this study, but may be eligible for future pediatric trials.

ECOG performance status less than or equal to 2 (Karnofsky greater than or equal to 60%).

Patients must have normal organ and marrow function as defined below:

- absolute neutrophil count (ANC) greater than or equal to1.0 K/uL

NOTE: At the discretion of the investigator, patients with an ANC of 0.5 K/uL <1.0 K/uL may also be enrolled if clinically appropriate (e.g., patients with a baseline neutropenia that is chronic and that does not cause complications)

• platelets greater than or equal to75 K/uL
• hemoglobin greater than or equal to 8 g/dL(transfusions are permissible)
• total bilirubin less than or equal to 1.5 times institutional upper limit of normal
• AST(SGOT)/ALT(SGPT) less than or equal to 3.0 times institutional upper limit of normal

• Serum creatinine less than or equal to 1.5 X institutional ULN. If serum creatinine is above 1.5 X ULN, Creatinine Clearance (CrCl) or eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate) must be greater than or equal to 50 ml/min.

  • CrCl will be calculated by Cockcroft-Gault method. CrCl (calculated) = (140 - Age) x Mass (in kilograms) x [0.85 if Female] 72 x Serum Creatinine (in mg/dL).
  • eGFR will be calculated by either of the following well established formulas: modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) or the chronic kidney disease (CKD)-epidemiology collaboration (EPI)(institutional standard) equations
• CrCl may also be determined by measuring a 24 hour urine collection. The measured CrCl must be greater than or equal to 50 ml/min.

In addition to having SMM, patients must also be classified as 'high-risk SMM' per Mayo Clinic or Spanish PETHEMA criteria.

Criteria set forward by Rajkumar, Landgren, Mateos[14] may also be used to define high risk disease, namely clonal bone marrow plasma cells greater than or equal to 10% and any one or more of the following:

• Serum M protein greater than or equal to 30g/L
• IgA SMM
• Immunoparesis with reduction of 2 uninvolved immunoglobulin isotypes
• Serum involved/uninvolved FLC ratio greater than or equal to 8 (but less than 100)
• Progressive increase in M protein level (evolving type of SMM; increase in serum M protein by greater than or equal to 25% on 2 successive evaluations within a 6-month period)
• Clonal BMPCs 50%-60%
• Abnormal PC immunophenotype (greater than or equal to 95% of BMPCs are clonal) and reduction of greater than or equal to 1 uninvolved immunoglobulin isotypes
• t(4;14) or del(17p) or 1q gain
• Increased circulating PCs
• MRI with diffuse abnormalities or 1 focal lesion
• PET-CT with focal lesion with increased uptake without underlying osteolytic bone destruction

All study participants must be registered into the mandatory RevAssist program, and be willing and able to comply with the requirements of REMS .

The effects of carfilzomib and lenalidomide on the developing human fetus are unknown. The immunomodulatory agents used in this trial (i.e., lenalidomide) are known to be teratogenic. Women of childbearing potential and men must agree to use adequate contraception. Females of childbearing potential (FCBP) must have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test within 10 - 14 days and again within 24 hours prior to prescribing lenalidomide for Cycle 1 (prescriptions must be filled within 7 days) and must either commit to continued abstinence from heterosexual intercourse or begin TWO acceptable methods of birth control, one highly effective method and one additional effective method AT THE SAME TIME, at least 28 days before she starts taking lenalidomide. FCBP must also agree to ongoing pregnancy testing. Men must agree to use a latex condom during sexual contact with a FCBP even if they have had a successful vasectomy. All patients must be counseled at a minimum of every 28 days about pregnancy precautions and risks of fetal exposure.

Should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while she or her partner is participating in this study, she should inform her treating physician immediately. In regard to carfilzomib, FCBP and their male partners must agree to use at least one method of effective contraception for at least 30 days after the

last dose of carfilzomib and males must agree to use contraception and not to donate sperm for at least 90 days after the last dose of carfilzomib.

Ability of subject to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document.

EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

Patients who are receiving any other investigational agents.

Concurrent systemic treatment or prior therapy within 4 weeks for SMM

- Treatment with corticosteroids for other indications is permitted

Patients with a diagnosis of MM as defined by the 2014 IMWH diagnostic criteria.

Contraindication to any concomitant medication, including antivirals, anticoagulation prophylaxis, tumor lysis prophylaxis, or hydration given prior to therapy

History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to carfilzomib or lenalidomide agents used in study, such as bortezomib or thalidomide, in addition to patients with known allergy to sulfobutyl ether <=- cyclodextrin (Captisol ).

Uncontrolled hypertension or diabetes

Pregnant or lactating females. Pregnant women are excluded from this study. The effects of carfilzomib on a developing human fetus are unknown. Lenalidomide is teratogenic with unknown potential for abortifacient effects. Breastfeeding women and women planning on breastfeeding may not participate. No studies of carfilzomib have

been conducted on breast feeding women and it is not known if it is excreted in milk. Because there is an unknown but potential risk for adverse events in nursing infants secondary to treatment of the mother with Carfilzomib/Lenalidomide, breastfeeding should be discontinued if the mother is treated with Carfilzomib/Lenalidomide.

Significant cardiovascular disease with NYHA Class II, III or IV symptoms, or hypertrophic cardiomegaly, or restrictive cardiomegaly, or myocardial infarction within 3 months prior to enrollment, or unstable angina, or unstable arrhythmia

Active hepatitis B or C infection

Has refractory GI disease with refractory nausea/vomiting, inflammatory bowel disease, or bowel resection that would prevent absorption

Significant neuropathy >Grade 2 at the time of first dose or within 14 days of enrollment.

Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness/social situations within 2 weeks that would limit compliance with study requirements.

History of other malignancy (apart from basal cell carcinoma of the skin, or in situ cervix carcinoma) except if the patient has been free of symptoms and without active therapy during at least 2 years or if, at the clinical discretion of the investigator, the risks of this study do not outweigh the potential benefits on a case to case basis.

Major surgery within 1 month prior to enrollment.

Contacts and Locations

Locations

United States, Maryland

National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike

Bethesda, Maryland, United States, 20892

Sponsors and Collaborators

National Cancer Institute (NCI)

Investigators

• Principal Investigator: Mark J Roschewski, M.D.; National Cancer Institute (NCI)

More Information

Additional Information:

NIH Clinical Center Detailed Web Page 

Publications:

Pérez-Persona E, Vidriales MB, Mateo G, García-Sanz R, Mateos MV, de Coca AG, Galende J, Martín-Nuñez G, Alonso JM, de Las Heras N, Hernández JM, Martín A, López-Berges C, Orfao A, San Miguel JF. New criteria to identify risk of progression in monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance and smoldering multiple myeloma based on multiparameter flow cytometry analysis of bone marrow plasma cells. Blood. 2007 Oct 1;110(7):2586-92. Epub 2007 Jun 18.

Dispenzieri A, Kyle RA, Katzmann JA, Therneau TM, Larson D, Benson J, Clark RJ, Melton LJ 3rd, Gertz MA, Kumar SK, Fonseca R, Jelinek DF, Rajkumar SV. Immunoglobulin free light chain ratio is an independent risk factor for progression of smoldering (asymptomatic) multiple myeloma. Blood. 2008 Jan 15;111(2):785-9. Epub 2007 Oct 17.

Kyle RA, Durie BG, Rajkumar SV, Landgren O, Blade J, Merlini G, Kröger N, Einsele H, Vesole DH, Dimopoulos M, San Miguel J, Avet-Loiseau H, Hajek R, Chen WM, Anderson KC, Ludwig H, Sonneveld P, Pavlovsky S, Palumbo A, Richardson PG, Barlogie B, Greipp P, Vescio R, Turesson I, Westin J, Boccadoro M; International Myeloma Working Group. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering (asymptomatic) multiple myeloma: IMWG consensus perspectives risk factors for progression and guidelines for monitoring and management. Leukemia. 2010 Jun;24(6):1121-7. doi: 10.1038/leu.2010.60. Epub 2010 Apr 22. Review.

Publications automatically indexed to this study by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number):

Kazandjian D, Hill E, Dew A, Morrison C, Roswarski J, Korde N, Emanuel M, Petrosyan A, Bhutani M, Calvo KR, Dulau-Florea A, Kwok M, Lee MJ, Lee S, Lindenberg L, Mailankody S, Manasanch E, Maric I, Mena E, Patel N, Tageja N, Trepel JB, Turkbey B, Wang HW, Wang W, Yuan C, Zhang Y, Braylan R, Choyke P, Stetler-Stevenson M, Steinberg SM, Figg WD Sr, Roschewski M, Landgren O. Carfilzomib, Lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone Followed by Lenalidomide Maintenance for Prevention of Symptomatic Multiple Myeloma in Patients With High-risk Smoldering Myeloma: A Phase 2 Nonrandomized Controlled Trial. JAMA Oncol. 2021 Nov 1;7(11):1678-1685. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2021.3971.

Bhutani M, Turkbey B, Tan E, Korde N, Kwok M, Manasanch EE, Tageja N, Mailankody S, Roschewski M, Mulquin M, Carpenter A, Lamping E, Minter AR, Weiss BM, Mena E, Lindenberg L, Calvo KR, Maric I, Usmani SZ, Choyke PL, Kurdziel K, Landgren O. Bone marrow abnormalities and early bone lesions in multiple myeloma and its precursor disease: a prospective study using functional and morphologic imaging. Leuk Lymphoma. 2016 May;57(5):1114-21. doi: 10.3109/10428194.2015.1090572. Epub 2016 Apr 7.

Korde N, Roschewski M, Zingone A, Kwok M, Manasanch EE, Bhutani M, Tageja N, Kazandjian D, Mailankody S, Wu P, Morrison C, Costello R, Zhang Y, Burton D, Mulquin M, Zuchlinski D, Lamping L, Carpenter A, Wall Y, Carter G, Cunningham SC, Gounden V, Sissung TM, Peer C, Maric I, Calvo KR, Braylan R, Yuan C, Stetler-Stevenson M, Arthur DC, Kong KA, Weng L, Faham M, Lindenberg L, Kurdziel K, Choyke P, Steinberg SM, Figg W, Landgren O. Treatment With Carfilzomib-Lenalidomide-Dexamethasone With Lenalidomide Extension in Patients With Smoldering or Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma. JAMA Oncol. 2015 Sep;1(6):746-54. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2015.2010.

• Responsible Party: National Cancer Institute (NCI)
• ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01572480
• Other Study ID Numbers: 120107; 12-C-0107
• First Posted: April 6, 2012
• Last Update Posted: December 30, 2021
• Last Verified: December 28, 2021

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product: Yes
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product: No

Keywords provided by National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC) ( National Cancer Institute (NCI) ):

Proteasome Inhibitor; Immunomodulatory Agents; Combination Therapy; Anti-Myeloma Activity

Additional relevant MeSH terms:

Multiple Myeloma; Neoplasms, Plasma Cell; Smoldering Multiple Myeloma; Neoplasms by Histologic Type; Neoplasms; Hemostatic Disorders; Vascular Diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases; Paraproteinemias; Blood Protein Disorders; Hematologic Diseases; Hemorrhagic Disorders; Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Immunoproliferative Disorders; Immune System Diseases; Precancerous Conditions; Hypergammaglobulinemia; Dexamethasone; Lenalidomide; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antiemetics; Autonomic Agents; Peripheral Nervous System Agents; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Gastrointestinal Agents; Glucocorticoids; Hormones; Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; Antineoplastic Agents