Nucleic Acid Amplification Testing (NAT) of Blood Donors for HCV and HIV

• ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00004846
• Recruitment Status: Completed
• First Posted: March 3, 2000
• Last Update Posted: March 4, 2008
• Sponsor: National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC)
• Information provided by: National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC)

Study Description

Brief Summary:

This study will evaluate the accuracy of an experimental test method called nucleic acid amplification technology (NAT) in detecting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). This test amplifies the nucleic acid in a virus more than a million-fold, allowing early detection of minute quantities of virus in the blood.

Blood donors to the National Institutes of Health's Department of Transfusion Medicine (blood bank) will have their blood screened with transcription mediated amplification, a type of NAT test. Donors whose blood is found positive for HIV or HCV by NAT testing will be notified and asked to participate in this study. Those who agree will provide a blood sample about once a week for 3 months. The samples will be tested with additional assays to detect evidence of HIV or HCV infection. If the test results are confirmed positive, no more blood samples will be collected. The results of the tests and their significance will be explained to participants.

It is anticipated that NAT screening will reduce the risk of transfusion-related HIV transmission from the current 1 in 650,000 to 1 in a million and the risk of HCV transmission from the current 1 in 100,000 to 1 in 350,000. It is possible that these tests will completely eliminate the risk of transmitting these diseases through blood transfusion.

Condition or disease	Intervention/treatment
Hepatitis C; HIV Infection	Drug: ABC/Gen-Probe/Chiron HIV-1/HCV 001

Detailed Description:

In order to narrow the infectious period (window) between the time of viral exposure and the time a virus can be serologically detected, blood centers throughout the United States are implementing nucleic acid testing (NAT) for HIV and HCV. Early studies have shown that NAT testing can significantly narrow the infectious window, particularly for HCV. There is the potential that NAT testing could completely eradicate the transfusion risk of HIV and HCV. The test is thus likely to add substantially to the safety of blood transfusions and, although not licensed, has been implemented by all blood suppliers and transfusion services in the United States. NAT testing is currently being used under an IND mechanism. The IND stipulates that blood donors need to be informed through a supplemental information packet that such testing is being performed and that if found positive they may be recalled for additional testing. At the time of recall, an IRB approved study-specific informed consent is administered and additional tests are performed to verify the initial NAT result. The Department of Transfusion medicine is participating in this national validation of NAT testing and will provide donor samples for centralized testing and statistical reporting to FDA. The potential benefits of this testing for blood safety are great and the risk to donors is considered minimal. Not seeking subjects for enrollment.

Study Design

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment: 30000 participants
• Official Title: Nucleic Acid Amplification Testing (NAT) of Blood Donors for HCV and HIV
• Study Start Date: December 1999
• Study Completion Date: October 2002

Groups and Cohorts

Outcome Measures

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Child, Adult, Older Adult
• Sexes Eligible for Study: All
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Criteria

All eligible, volunteer NIH blood donors will be tested by NAT. Thus, any donor who enters the system and has blood drawn for viral testing will be a potential candidate for the follow-up study if he/she tests NAT positive for HCV or HIV.

Only potential donors who exclude themselves from the donation process will be excluded from the study.

Contacts and Locations

Locations

United States, Maryland

Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center (CC)

Bethesda, Maryland, United States, 20892

Sponsors and Collaborators

National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC)

More Information

Publications:

Yerly S, Pedrocchi M, Perrin L. The use of polymerase chain reaction in plasma pools for the concomitant detection of hepatitis C virus and HIV type 1 RNA. Transfusion. 1998 Oct;38(10):908-14.

• ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00004846
• Other Study ID Numbers: 000048; 00-CC-0048
• First Posted: March 3, 2000
• Last Update Posted: March 4, 2008
• Last Verified: October 2002

Keywords provided by National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC):

Viral Gene Amplification; Blood Transmitted Infections; Transfusion Risks; Transcription Mediated Analysis; Viral Detection Assays; HIV Seronegativity

Additional relevant MeSH terms:

Hepatitis C; Hepatitis; Liver Diseases; Digestive System Diseases; Hepatitis, Viral, Human; Virus Diseases; Flaviviridae Infections; RNA Virus Infections