Aerosolized Amikacin and Fosfomycin in Mechanically Ventilated Patients With Gram-negative and / or Gram-positive Bacterial Colonization

Inclusion Criteria:

• Males and non-pregnant, non-lactating females, ≥ 18 years and ≤ 80 years of age
• Intubated and mechanically-ventilated
• Presence of Gram-negative and/or Gram-positive organism(s) by culture of respiratory secretions from a sample obtained within the previous 7 days

Exclusion Criteria:

• History of hypersensitivity to amikacin or fosfomycin.
• Diagnosis of pneumonia, defined as presence of a new or progressive infiltrate(s) on chest radiograph (within 7 days prior to screening), as determined by the treating physician
• Use of systemic antibiotics with efficacy against likely respiratory tract pathogens at the time of randomization
• Severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (defined as PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 100 mmHg and diffuse infiltrates on Chest X-ray)
• Refractory septic shock (severe sepsis plus unstable hypotension, in spite of adequate fluid resuscitation and vasopressors)
• Evidence of significant renal impairment (serum creatinine > 4.0 mg/dL within 24 hours prior to screening) . If serum creatinine is > 2.0 mg/dL, site must be capable of performing continuous renal replacement therapy, if clinically indicated. Patients with serum creatinine > 4.0 mg/dL and being treated with continuous renal replacement therapy (continuous venous-venous hemofiltration or continuous venous-venous hemodialysis) or chronic hemodialysis are eligible
• Evidence of ototoxicity (history of hearing aid use prior to current hospitalization)
• Evidence of hepatotoxicity (alanine aminotransferase [ALT] or aspartate aminotransferase [AST] > 3X the upper limit of normal value within 24 hours prior to screening)
• Any of the following conditions that interfere with the assessment or interpretation of the diagnosis or response to therapy: chest trauma with loss of stability of the thoracic cage following a fracture of the sternum, ribs, or both; increased amounts of fluid in the lung cavities requiring chest tube drainage; lung cancer within the last 2 years; lung abscess(s); anatomical bronchial obstruction; suspected atypical pneumonia; chemical pneumonitis (e.g., inhalation injury); cystic fibrosis; congestive heart failure (leading to a PaO2/FiO2 ratio ≤ 100 mmHg and diffuse infiltrates on Chest X-ray)
• Immunocompromised patients, including those with neutropenia NOT due to the current infection (absolute neutrophil count < 500/mm³), leukemia, lymphoma, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection with CD4 count < 200 cells/mm3, or splenectomy; those who are early post-transplantation, are on cytotoxic chemotherapy, or are on high-dose steroids (e.g., > 40 mg of prednisone or its equivalent [> 160 mg hydrocortisone, > 32 mg methylprednisolone, > 6 mg dexamethasone, > 200 mg cortisone] daily for > 2 weeks)
• Positive urine and/or serum beta-hCG pregnancy test (only in women of reproductive age)
• Participating in or has participated in other investigational interventional studies (drug or device) within the last 30 days (or 5 times the half-life of the previously administered investigational compound, whichever is longer) prior to study treatment