The Use of Peer Referral Incentives to Increase Demand for Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision in Zambia
![]() |
The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. Read our disclaimer for details. |
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02012816 |
Recruitment Status
:
Completed
First Posted
: December 16, 2013
Last Update Posted
: June 6, 2016
|
- Study Details
- Tabular View
- No Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
Condition or disease | Intervention/treatment | Phase |
---|---|---|
HIV Infection | Other: Peer‐referral incentive program to increase VMMC uptake | Not Applicable |
The investigators propose a cluster randomized design in which the CIDRZ-supported VMMC clinics in the Southern Province in Zambia will be randomly selected to have a peer referral incentive program or not. In approximately 10 randomly selected intervention clinics, all men who reside in the catchment area of the clinic and come for male circumcision services will be eligible to receive 5 referral vouchers that will entitle them to receive monetary compensation for each voucher that is subsequently presented by a man who comes to the clinic and undergoes male circumcision. In 10 remaining clinics (control group), VMMC services will proceed as per the current standard of care, without peer referral incentives. All clinics including those allocated to the control group will have the standard mobilization and promotion activities that are used by CIDRZ.
In intervention clinics:
- All eligible men seeking VMMC in intervention clinics will be asked if they want to participate in the study. This can happen on the day of the circumcision or within 7 days after the circumcision.
- If yes, a file is open for them as "referring person". They receive 5 vouchers. They also receive MC brochures to distribute to friends.
- As his friends or relatives come in as referrals, they are written in his file He can then claim reimbursement any time between the time a referred friend comes for VMMC and the expiration of the voucher. The referring person needs to bring the voucher in order to receive reimbursement.
- Friends who come as referrals are given the possibility to become referring persons too, if within the intervention period. In that case, a new file is open for them as "referring persons".
Study Type : | Interventional (Clinical Trial) |
Actual Enrollment : | 725 participants |
Intervention Model: | Single Group Assignment |
Masking: | None (Open Label) |
Official Title: | The Use of Peer Referral Incentives to Increase Demand for Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision in Zambia: an Impact Evaluation |
Study Start Date : | June 2014 |
Actual Primary Completion Date : | September 2015 |
Actual Study Completion Date : | November 2015 |

Arm | Intervention/treatment |
---|---|
Uncircumcised men
The program allows each man coming for circumcision to refer up to 5 uncircumcised men in their social network for VMMC services and receive a monetary reward for each successful referral.
|
Other: Peer‐referral incentive program to increase VMMC uptake
The proposed intervention will allow men coming for male circumcision in randomly selected intervention clinics to refer up to 5 uncircumcised men in their social network and receive a monetary reward for each referred man who undergoes male circumcision. Men who come for circumcision will each be given 5 referral vouchers that they can then provide to uncircumcised men in their social network who may be interested in undergoing VMMC. If these uncircumcised men come to the CIDRZ VMMC clinics and undergo the circumcision procedure, they can present the referral voucher to clinic staff who will then retain the voucher until the man who made the referral comes to collect his incentive payment.
|
- Primary outcome will be the number of men coming for circumcision in each clinic during the intervention period divided by the adult male population in the catchment area of each clinic. [ Time Frame: 1 year ]Primary outcome will be the number of men coming for circumcision in each clinic during the intervention period divided by the adult male population in the catchment area of each clinic. The calculated proportion in the intervention clinics will be compared to the calculated proportion in the control clinics using standard t-test.

Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies.
Ages Eligible for Study: | 18 Years to 49 Years (Adult) |
Sexes Eligible for Study: | Male |
Accepts Healthy Volunteers: | Yes |
Inclusion Criteria:
- Inclusion criteria for receiving vouchers: Uncircumcised men 18-49 years old seeking VMMC services and undergoing male circumcision at one of the clinics selected for the study during the 5 months of the active intervention.
Inclusion criteria for a successful referral: The referred person needs to be a previously uncircumcised man 18-49 and seeking VMMC services at that clinic during the 3 months of eligibility for voucher redemption.
Exclusion Criteria:

To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT02012816
Zambia | |
Center for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia | |
Lusaka, Zambia |
Principal Investigator: | Harsha Thirumurthy, MD | UNC at Chapel Hill |
Responsible Party: | Harsha Thirumurthy, PhD, Dr Harsha Thirumurthy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill |
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | NCT02012816 History of Changes |
Other Study ID Numbers: |
CIDRZ 1310 |
First Posted: | December 16, 2013 Key Record Dates |
Last Update Posted: | June 6, 2016 |
Last Verified: | June 2016 |
Keywords provided by Harsha Thirumurthy, PhD, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill:
Uncircumcised men Voluntary Medical Male circumcision Peer-referral incentive |
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
HIV Infections Lentivirus Infections Retroviridae Infections RNA Virus Infections Virus Diseases |
Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral Sexually Transmitted Diseases Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes Immune System Diseases |