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Low Dose Ketamine for Management of Acute Severe Pain in the Emergency Department

The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. Read our disclaimer for details.
 
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01740492
Recruitment Status : Completed
First Posted : December 4, 2012
Last Update Posted : September 7, 2022
Sponsor:
Information provided by (Responsible Party):
Rhode Island Hospital

Study Description
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Brief Summary:

This study aims to address both the management and evaluation of pain. The primary aim of this study is to determine the efficacy of low dose ketamine in adults with moderate to severe pain in the emergency department as compared with parenteral opioids alone. Another aim is to examine the safety of low dose ketamine compared to opioids alone.

The investigators hypothesize that low dose ketamine will result in more effective pain control than morphine alone and will not be associated with an increase in adverse events.


Condition or disease Intervention/treatment Phase
Pain Drug: Ketamine 0.15mg/kg Drug: Ketamine 0.3mg/kg Other: Placebo Phase 1

Detailed Description:
Management and assessment of pain in the Emergency Department (ED) can be challenging. Treatment of pain is most often accomplished by parenteral opioids analgesics. However, inadequate analgesia is often a problem when opioids alone are relied on for pain control. In the peri-operative setting ketamine has been used as an adjunct to opioids for acute pain. Ketamine may play a role in maximizing analgesia in the ED.
Study Design
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Study Type : Interventional  (Clinical Trial)
Actual Enrollment : 75 participants
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Triple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator)
Primary Purpose: Treatment
Official Title: Low Dose Ketamine for Management of Acute Severe Pain in the Emergency Department
Study Start Date : September 2012
Actual Primary Completion Date : June 2014
Actual Study Completion Date : June 2014

Resource links provided by the National Library of Medicine

Drug Information available for: Ketamine

Arms and Interventions
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Arm Intervention/treatment
Experimental: LDK1: Low dose Ketamine (0.15mg/kg)

Participants randomized to the first group, LDK1, will receive an intravenous injection of low dose ketamine (0.15mg/kg).

All participants, regardless of the group, will receive a dose of morphine(0.15mg/kg) at the same time the study drug is administered.

 Drug: Ketamine 0.15mg/kg
0.15mg/kg ketamine delivered IV (in the vein) following clinician assessment in ER. Number of cycles: until discharge or 6 hours elapses.
Other Name: Ketamine
Experimental: LDK2: Low dose Ketamine (0.3mg/kg)

Participants randomized to the second group, LDK2, will receive an intravenous injection of low dose ketamine (0.3mg/kg).

All participants, regardless of the group, will receive a dose of morphine(0.15mg/kg) at the same time the study drug is administered.

 Drug: Ketamine 0.3mg/kg
0.3 mg/kg ketamine delivered IV (in the vein) following clinician assessment in ER. Number of cycles: until discharge or 6 hours elapses.
Other Name: Ketamine
Placebo Comparator: 0.9% Normal Saline
This group will receive a placebo injection of 0.9% normal saline of a similar volume (0.05ml/kg)
 Other: Placebo
Placebo injection of 0.9% normal saline of a similar volume (0.05ml/kg)


Outcome Measures
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Primary Outcome Measures :
  1. Change in reported pain score at 15 minutes, 30 minutes, and hourly for 6 hrs or until discharge [ Time Frame: Between patient arrival and patient discharge ]
    At baseline, to assess our primary aim, efficacy of pain control, we will use patient reported pain scores and amount of rescue analgesia (parenteral morphine) received. Trained research assistants (RA) will ask participants to report their pains scores using a numerical pain rating scale (NPRS). The NPRS used will be a 0 to 10 rating scale: a rating of 0 corresponds to "no pain at all," whereas a rating of 10 is the "worst pain imaginable." Baseline NPRS will be measured after randomization, but just before administration of ketamine or placebo injection and morphine (Baseline). Repeat measurements will be taken at 15 minutes, 30 minutes, and hourly following treatment with the study drug, for 6hrs or until the patient leaves the ED. The amount of rescue analgesia will be recorded at each time point. The ED course will also be reviewed post hoc by the RAs and physician investigators to confirm analgesia received. The main outcome measure will be the change in pain score over time.


Secondary Outcome Measures :
  1. Safety--Determine the incidence of adverse events associated with ketamine and morphine, versus morphine alone at 5 minutes, 30 minutes, and hourly up to 6 hours. [ Time Frame: 15 minutes, 30 minutes, hourly up to 6 hours ]
    Adverse events will further be defined as Hypotension (SBP < 90), Hypertension (SBP >180, or Diastolic Blood Pressure >110), Presence of nausea/vomiting, presence of hallucinations, Respiratory depression (pOx<92%, Respirator Rate<12, EtCO2 >40), and need for naloxone. All patients will be monitored continuously with cardiac telemetry, pulse oximetry, and capnography following administration of the study drug. Level of sedation will be assessed using an adaptation of the Ramsay Scoring System and the Pasero Opioid Induced Sedation Scale. (Appendix 2) Further, the ED and inpatient course will be reviewed post hoc by the RAs and physician investigators who will record: Time to inpatient admission or discharge, inpatient length of stay, time to operative intervention, outcome of admission (i.e. discharge to home, SNF, rehab) and any morbidity and mortality suffered by the patient and medical complications (myocardial infarction, respiratory infection, etc…).


Eligibility Criteria
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Information from the National Library of Medicine

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Ages Eligible for Study:   18 Years to 65 Years   (Adult, Older Adult)
Sexes Eligible for Study:   All
Accepts Healthy Volunteers:   No
Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

  • English speaking
  • Adults age 18-65
  • Able to understand and give informed consent
  • Comfortable with the experimental protocol as outlined to them by the research team
  • Severe pain, pain score of at least 50/100 on Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) or 5/10 numerical ratings score
  • Acute pain, pain duration < 7days
  • Deemed by treating ED attending physician to require IV opioid analgesia
  • ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) class I or II

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Previously enrolled in the study
  • Neurologic, respiratory, or hemodynamic compromise
  • GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale) <15
  • Pox <94%, RR <10, or RR >22
  • SBP <90, SBP>180, or DBP >110
  • Discretion of treating physician
  • Pregnancy or breastfeeding
  • Known or suspected allergy to ketamine or morphine
  • Ketamine within 24 hours of presentation (prescription or illicit drugs)
  • Conscious sedation in ED (per treating physician), includes ketamine (for non-study purposes)
  • Known Renal (Cr>2.0) or Liver Failure
  • Unstable psychiatric disease (as per treating physician)
  • History of stroke
  • History of cardiac disease
  • Prior myocardial infarction; Angina (Stable or Unstable)
  • Cardiac stents or bypass surgery
Contacts and Locations
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Information from the National Library of Medicine

To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.

Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT01740492


Locations
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United States, Rhode Island
Rhode Island Hospital
Providence, Rhode Island, United States, 02903
Sponsors and Collaborators
Rhode Island Hospital
Investigators
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Principal Investigator: Francesca Beaudoin, MD Rhode Island Hospital
More Information
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Responsible Party: Rhode Island Hospital
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01740492    
Other Study ID Numbers: 298021
First Posted: December 4, 2012    Key Record Dates
Last Update Posted: September 7, 2022
Last Verified: September 2012
Keywords provided by Rhode Island Hospital:
Ketamine
Acute pain
Pain control
Pain
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
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Emergencies
Disease Attributes
Pathologic Processes
Ketamine
Analgesics
Sensory System Agents
Peripheral Nervous System Agents
Physiological Effects of Drugs
Anesthetics, Dissociative
 Anesthetics, Intravenous
Anesthetics, General
Anesthetics
Central Nervous System Depressants
Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists
Excitatory Amino Acid Agents
Neurotransmitter Agents
Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action