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I-124 PET/CT Based Remnant Radioiodine Ablation Decision Concept in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer (CLERAD-PROBE)

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ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01704586
Recruitment Status : Recruiting
First Posted : October 11, 2012
Last Update Posted : November 4, 2020
Sponsor:
Collaborator:
Deutsche Krebshilfe e.V., Bonn (Germany)
Information provided by (Responsible Party):
Manuel Weber, Dr. med.., University of Wuerzburg

Study Description
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Brief Summary:

Thyroid nodules are a common clinical problem. Epidemiologic studies have shown the prevalence of palpable thyroid nodules to be approximately 5% in women and 1% in men living in iodine-sufficient parts of the world and up to 30% in iodine deficient regions, such as Germany. The clinical importance of thyroid nodules rests with the need to exclude thyroid cancer which occurs in 5-15%. Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), which includes papillary and follicular cancer, comprises the vast majority (90%) of all thyroid cancers. In Germany, approximately 7,000 new cases will be diagnosed in 2011. The yearly incidence has increased from 3.6 per 100,000 in 1973 to 8.7 per 100,000 in 2002, and this trend appears to be continuing. Recurrence-free survival is generally excellent and depends on the risk group.

The role of postoperative remnant radioiodine ablation (RRIA) as the most serious question regarding the initial management of DTC still needs to be resolved even after decades of radioiodine use. American Thyroid Association directions for future research addressing these questions include:

  • Better understanding of the long-term risks of radioiodine use;
  • Improved risk stratification;

Randomized controlled trials are still missing in which RRIA has proven its worth as a safe and very effective treatment that results in an improved life expectancy and a reduced recurrence rate. Many observational studies lack sufficiently high evidence. Evidence grade is rated mainly on "expert level", based on non-randomized retrospective observation studies. Although RRIA in Europe is established as adjuvant standard treatment for all patients with DTC, except those with stage T1a, it remains to be shown throughout if it is beneficial for low risk and medium risk patients without metastases (M0), also known as stage I patients according to UICC/AJCC classification, accounting for 40-90% of all patients.

Blood doses due to cumulative radioiodine therapy may well exceed 2 Gy, and RRIA induces an average blood dose of 0.28 Gy to the entire body. Risks as estimated from that dose are not insignificant. The question is whether or not the condition after remnant ablation justifies such an increased risk of a secondary malignancy. The probability of causation for a pharyngeal or breast tumour can well exceed the margin of a 50% after being exposed to RRIA or consecutive I-131 diagnostic imaging to explore measureable Tg levels. Even though radioiodine therapy can benefit some patients with advanced thyroid carcinoma, it is still unknown whether the risks of RRIA outweigh any discernable benefit. Undoubtedly, quality of life may be affected by adjuvant use of I-131.

Study Hypothesis:

The I-124 study arm may have considerable benefits for the patient included in the study. These include

  • enhanced tumour and risk stratification,
  • avoidance of unnecessary I-131 exposure in 30-89 percent of patients who were classified with "low risk" tumour (MACIS or AMES scoring) or "stage I disease" (UICC-AJCC TNM staging system), and,
  • improved quality of life at the same or better morbidity and mortality rates in the I-124 arm.

Environmental and hospital staff related benefits include prevention or saving of I-131 exposure.

This study is designed to compare effectiveness of treatments following and evaluating guideline recommendations in two assignment arms.


Condition or disease Intervention/treatment Phase
Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma Radiation: Radioiodine I-131 Radiation: I-124 Not Applicable

Study Design
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Study Type : Interventional  (Clinical Trial)
Estimated Enrollment : 340 participants
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single (Outcomes Assessor)
Primary Purpose: Treatment
Official Title: Clinical Evaluation of a I-124 PET/CT Based Remnant Radioiodine Ablation Decision Concept in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Using PROBE Design
Study Start Date : May 2015
Estimated Primary Completion Date : May 2021
Estimated Study Completion Date : November 2025

Resource links provided by the National Library of Medicine


Arms and Interventions
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Arm Intervention/treatment
Active Comparator: Radioiodine
Standard procedures using only I-131. All patients in this arm will have assigned I-131 ablation, followed by periodic I-131 diagnostic re-evaluations after 4-6 months as needed.
 Radiation: Radioiodine I-131
Radioiodine will be used for ablation therapy, dosimetry and posttherapeutic whole body scan, as well as low dose I-131 imaging.
Active Comparator: I-124
I-124 PET/CT guided concept following ATA guideline recommendations after total thyroidectomy. Uptake outside of thyroid bed constitutes I-131 therapy for remnant ablation and metastasis therapy based on I-124 dosimetry. Remnant mass and/or metastasis mass will be estimated by a diagnostic CT scan simultaneously while doing PET at the optimum time point 2-3 days after administration of I-124. If there is no uptake outside of thyroid bed, no ablation will follow in stage I disease according to AJCC with the possibility of lymph node involvement but no distant metastasis and no microscopical residual disease (Patient age <45y: any T, any N, M0; Patient age 45y or older: T1, N0, M0). Periodic follow-up may include I-124 PET/CT when indicated to determine whether or not another I-131 therapy has to follow. Thyroglobuline increase also constitutes I-124 PET/CT imaging.
 Radiation: I-124
I-124 will be used for imaging to assess uptake inside and outside of thyroid bed, using PET/CT whole body scanning, followed by I-131 therapy as necessary as per protocol.


Outcome Measures
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Primary Outcome Measures :
  1. Mean blood dose after complete remission [ Time Frame: 18 months after thyroid surgery ]
    Both study arms result in different I-131 activity assigned to be administered, depending on remnant ablation and/or metastasis treatment decision. I-131 activity will be standard or less in the standard arm, none in the I-124 arm in patients identified as per protocol not to be administered an ablation activity.


Secondary Outcome Measures :
  1. Quality of life comparison [ Time Frame: At diagnostic re-evaluations every 4-6 months until 18 months after thyroid surgery ]
    Quality of life will be assessed at each visit a patient is scheduled for re-valuation, using a standardized (SF-36) questionnaire specifically adapted for differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

  2. Comparison of morbidity and mortality (effectiveness) between the I-124 guided and the standard arm. [ Time Frame: At diagnostic re-evaluations every 4-6 months until 18 months after thyroid surgery ]
    Proportion of patients within the group under I-124 PET/CT guided concept which do not need a RRIA: Because all patients subjected to standard EANM guideline procedures will firstly have RRIA, the proportion of patients can be estimated which is not subjected to unnecessary ablation by applying the I-124 PET/CT guided concept. Thus, we can estimate the proportion of patients in the experimental arm without recurrent tumour or progression (key secondary outcome).

  3. Prognostic value of thyroglobuline [ Time Frame: At diagnostic re-evaluations every 4-6 months until 18 months after thyroid surgery ]
    The prognostic value of thyroglobuline concentration will be evaluated for both study arms in correlation with tumour stage and imaging modalities.


Eligibility Criteria
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Ages Eligible for Study:   18 Years to 80 Years   (Adult, Older Adult)
Sexes Eligible for Study:   All
Accepts Healthy Volunteers:   No
Criteria

Inclusion Criteria common for all study subjects prior to randomisation:

  • Histologically confirmed new diagnosis of DTC (including Hürthle-cell carcinoma)
  • Age 18-80 years
  • Performance Status of 0-2
  • Tumor stage T1b to T4 with the possibility of lymph node involvement and distant metastasis according to the [TNM] staging system
  • One- or two stage thyroidectomy, with or without central lymph node dissection
  • Patient´s written informed consent
  • Ability to comply with the protocol procedures

Exclusion criteria for all study subjects prior to randomisation:

  • Anaplastic or medullary carcinoma
  • History of prior malignancy within the past 5 years with limited life-time expectancy, except for cured non-melanoma skin cancer, cured in situ cervical carcinoma, or other treated malignancies with no evidence of disease for at least three years.
  • Positive pregnancy test or breast feeding
  • Any other severe acute or chronic medical or psychiatric condition, or laboratory abnormality that would impart, in the judgment of the investigator, excess risk associated with study participation, or which, in the judgment of the investigator, would make the patient inappropriate for entry into this study.
  • Recent iodine contamination

After Randomisation

I-124 arm:

A: Inclusion criteria for no remnant ablation (low risk DTC):

  • Stage I (according to AJCC, ref. 1,33) papillary or follicular carcinoma with the possibility of lymph node involvement but no distant metastasis and no microscopical residual disease (Patient age <45y: any T, any N, M0; Patient age 45y or older: T1, N0, M0)
  • I-124 uptake only in thyroid bed
  • Absence of aggressive malignant histologic subtypes, including tall-cell, insular, poorly differentiated and diffuse sclerosing thyroid cancer

B: Inclusion criteria for remnant ablation (high risk DTC):

  • All other [TNM] stages (stage II to stage IV C)
  • Presence of aggressive malignant histologic subtypes, including tall-cell, insular, poorly differentiated and diffuse sclerosing thyroid cancer
  • I-124 uptake in and outside thyroid bed

Standard arm:

-Standard I-131 ablation concept as defined for all T1b to T4 subjects.

Contacts and Locations
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Information from the National Library of Medicine

To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.

Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT01704586


Contacts
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Contact: Peter Schneider, MD, Prof. +49931201 ext 35010 schneider_p@ukw.de
Contact: Ina Binse, MD +49931201 ext 44800 Ina.Binse@uk-essen.de

Locations
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Germany
Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, University Clinic Essen Recruiting
Essen, Germany, 45122
Contact: Rainer Görges, MD, Prof.    +49201723 ext 2081    rainer.goerges@uni-due.de   
Contact: Ina Binse, MD, PhD    +490201723 ext 2081    Ina.Binse@uk-essen.de   
Sub-Investigator: Rainer Görges, MD, Prof.         
Principal Investigator: Ina Binse, MD         
Sub-Investigator: Hong Grafe, MD         
University Clinic Würzburg Recruiting
Würzburg, Germany, 97080
Contact: Peter Schneider, MD, Prof.    +49931201 ext 35010    schneider_p@ukw.de   
Contact: Constantin Lapa, MD    +49931201 ext 35005    Lapa_C@ukw.de   
Principal Investigator: Constantin Lapa, MD         
Sub-Investigator: Johannes Biko, MD         
Sponsors and Collaborators
University of Wuerzburg
Deutsche Krebshilfe e.V., Bonn (Germany)
Investigators
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Study Chair: Peter F Schneider, MD, Prof. University Clinic Würzburg, Department of Nuclear Medicine
Principal Investigator: Ina Binse, MD, PhD Universiity Clinic Essen, Department of Nuclear Medicine
More Information
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Publications:

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Responsible Party: Manuel Weber, Dr. med.., Acad. Dir., University of Wuerzburg
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01704586    
Other Study ID Numbers: UKW-NUK-I-124
First Posted: October 11, 2012    Key Record Dates
Last Update Posted: November 4, 2020
Last Verified: April 2020
Keywords provided by Manuel Weber, Dr. med.., University of Wuerzburg:
Differentiated thyroid carcinoma
PET/CT
Radioiodine Remnant Ablation
I-124
Quality of life
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
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Thyroid Neoplasms
Thyroid Diseases
Neoplasms
Endocrine System Diseases
 Endocrine Gland Neoplasms
Neoplasms by Site
Head and Neck Neoplasms