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Treatment Perception of QD (Once a Day) Dosed Kaletra (Tablets) (QD-Kapital)

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ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01383005
Recruitment Status : Completed
First Posted : June 28, 2011
Results First Posted : April 22, 2013
Last Update Posted : May 6, 2013
Sponsor:
Collaborator:
Triaca Magna, SA
Information provided by (Responsible Party):
AbbVie ( AbbVie (prior sponsor, Abbott) )

Study Description
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Brief Summary:

Both twice-a-day (BID) and once-a-day (QD) dosing are approved in Europe for the protease inhibitor lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r; Kaletra®).

Since once-a-day dosing is actually a driver for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients to request a specific antiretroviral, the aim of this study is to assess both patient's perception of and adherence to Kaletra once-a-day, as well as with which factors they are related.


Condition or disease
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Detailed Description:

This is a multicenter, post-marketing, observational, cross-sectional (single visit) study in HIV-infected patients treated with a combination of antiretroviral treatment (ART) containing LPV/r 200/50 mg tablets dosed QD for at least 12 weeks to assess the participants' satisfaction and adherence level with LPV/r QD ART as measured by specific validated participant questionnaires.

As this is a non-interventional study, the decision to enroll a participant was separate from the decision to treat the subject with LPV/r. Prescription of LPV/r and duration of treatment were the responsibility of the treating physician.

In addition, the overall study population was compared to Cohort 2 (394 patients on LPV/r BID for ≥3 months to <2 years) from KAPITAL2, a post-marketing observational, cross-sectional, single visit, multicenter, national study. For further details on this study, please see: Casado JL, Griffa L, Cabrero E, Burgos A, Norton M and the KAPITAL 2 Collaborative Group. A study of treatment satisfaction reported by patients on lopinavir/r anchored regimens and physicians who provide HIV care (KAPITAL 2). 9th International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection. 9th International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection. Glasgow, 2008.#P080.


Study Design
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Study Type : Observational
Actual Enrollment : 97 participants
Observational Model: Cohort
Time Perspective: Cross-Sectional
Official Title: Treatment Perception of QD Dosed Kaletra (Tablets) Based Treatment in HIV Infected Patients. Observational Cross-Sectional Study (QD-KAPITAL)
Study Start Date : June 2011
Actual Primary Completion Date : December 2011
Actual Study Completion Date : December 2011

Resource links provided by the National Library of Medicine

MedlinePlus related topics: HIV/AIDS
Drug Information available for: Lopinavir

Groups and Cohorts
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Group/Cohort
Kaletra (LPV/r) QD as First Kaletra Treatment
HIV-infected participants treated with lopinavir/ritonavir once daily (LPV/r QD) from ≥3 months to <2 years who had not been treated with any of the following: LPV/r twice daily (BID), a protease inhibitor, or a ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor.
Kaletra (LPV/r) QD from Kaletra BID
HIV-infected participants treated with LPV/r from ≥3 months to <2 years who had initiated on LPV/r BID and at any time within this period (but at least 3 months before inclusion in the study) had changed dosing from BID to QD.


Outcome Measures
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Primary Outcome Measures :
  1. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (HIVTSQ) Individual Item Scores for the Overall Study Population [ Time Frame: At the single study visit, performed after at least 12 weeks of treatment with Kaletra QD ]
    Participant treatment satisfaction was measured using the HIVTSQ, which consists of 10 items (1-Satisfaction, 2-HIV Control, 3-Adverse Effects, 4-Level of Demand, 5-Convenience, 6-Flexibility, 7-Knowledge, 8-Life Habits, 9-Recommendability, and 10-Willingness to Continue). Items are scored from 0 (very dissatisfied) to 6 (very satisfied), other than item 4, which has an inverted score from 6 (very demanding) to 0 (very undemanding). Each single item was considered for the evaluation of the primary outcome.

  2. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (HIVTSQ)Dimension (Overall Satisfaction, General/Clinical Satisfaction, Lifestyle) Scores for the Overall Study Population [ Time Frame: At the single study visit, performed after at least 12 weeks of treatment with Kaletra QD ]
    The HIVTSQ consists of 10 items (1-Satisfaction, 2-HIV Control, 3-Adverse Effects, 4-Level of Demand, 5-Convenience, 6-Flexibility, 7-Knowledge, 8-Life Habits, 9-Recommendability, and 10-Willingness to Continue). Items are scored from 0 (very dissatisfied) to 6 (very satisfied), other than item 4, which has an inverted score from 6 (very demanding) to 0 (very undemanding). The items are aggregated to 3 different dimensions: the Overall Satisfaction dimension, with a maximum score of 54 (items 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10); General/Clinical Satisfaction dimension, with a maximum score of 30 (items 1, 2, 3, 9 and 10); Lifestyle dimension, with a maximum score of 24 (items 5, 6, 7 and 8). Each dimension was considered for the evaluation of the primary outcome. For each participant, each dimension score was calculated as a sum of the individual item scores.


Secondary Outcome Measures :
  1. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (HIVTSQ) Individual Item Scores Comparison Between Cohorts [ Time Frame: At the single study visit, performed after at least 12 weeks of treatment with Kaletra QD ]
    The HIVTSQ consists of 10 items (1-Satisfaction, 2-HIV Control, 3-Adverse Effects, 4-Level of Demand, 5-Convenience, 6-Flexibility, 7-Knowledge, 8-Life Habits, 9-Recommendability, and 10-Willingness to Continue). Items are scored from 0 (very dissatisfied) to 6 (very satisfied), other than item 4, which has an inverted score from 6 (very demanding) to 0 (very undemanding). The mean score per item was compared between cohorts.

  2. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (HIVTSQ) Dimension (Overall Satisfaction, General/Clinical Satisfaction, Lifestyle) Scores Comparison Between Cohorts [ Time Frame: At the single study visit, performed after at least 12 weeks of treatment with Kaletra QD ]
    The HIVTSQ consists of 10 items (1-Satisfaction, 2-HIV Control, 3-Adverse Effects, 4-Level of Demand, 5-Convenience, 6-Flexibility, 7-Knowledge, 8-Life Habits, 9-Recommendability, and 10-Willingness to Continue). Items are scored from 0 (very dissatisfied) to 6 (very satisfied), other than item 4, which has an inverted score from 6 (very demanding) to 0 (very undemanding). The items are aggregated to 3 different dimensions: the Overall Satisfaction dimension, with a maximum score of 54 (items 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10); General/Clinical Satisfaction dimension, with a maximum score of 30 (items 1, 2, 3, 9 and 10); Lifestyle dimension, with a maximum score of 24 (items 5, 6, 7 and 8). The mean score per dimension was compared between cohorts.

  3. Number of Days Without Medication, Per Simplified Medication Adherence Questionnaire (SMAQ) [ Time Frame: At the single study visit, performed after at least 12 weeks of treatment with Kaletra QD ]
    Number of days without medication was assessed by 1 of the 6 items on the patient questionnaire Simplified Medication Adherence Questionnaire (SMAQ): How many full days have you missed your medication since your last visit? (Please see Outcome Measure 6 for details regarding the remaining 5 items on the SMAQ.)

  4. Adherence Classification of Participants Per Simplified Medication Adherence Questionnaire (SMAQ) [ Time Frame: At the single study visit, performed after at least 12 weeks of treatment with Kaletra QD ]
    Participants' adherence was classified according to answers for 5 of 6 items on the participant questionnaire Simplified Medication Adherence Questionnaire (SMAQ): 4 yes/no questions: Do you ever forget to take your medicines? Do you take your medicines at the instructed time? If you ever feel ill, do you stop taking the medication? Have you ever missed your medication during weekends?; plus the following: In the past week, how many times have you missed your medication? (0, 1-2, 3-5, 6-10, >10). (Please see Outcome Measure 5 for details regarding the 6th item on the SMAQ.) Perfect adherence = no dose was forgotten, medication was not skipped for any reason, and the schedule was not modified; adequate adherence = no dose was forgotten, but at least one dose was not taken at the indicated time; poor adherence = one or more doses were not taken.

  5. Reasons for Starting or Switching to a Lopinavir/Ritonavir Once Daily (LPV/r QD)Regimen [ Time Frame: At the single study visit, performed after at least 12 weeks of treatment with Kaletra QD ]
    Participants' cumulative reasons for starting or switching to a LPV/r QD regimen were tabulated via the following yes/no questions entered on the case report form by the physician: simplification (simp) as reason to change to LPV/r QD; preference (pref) of patient as reason to change to LPV/r QD; adjustment to other antiretrovirals (adjust to ARV) as reason to change to LPV/r QD; adherence as reason to change to LPV/r QD; patient's lifestyle as reason to change to LPV/r QD; tolerability as reason to change to LPV/r QD.

  6. Percentage of Participants With a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (HIVTSQ) Overall Satisfaction Dimension Mean Score Value of ≥5 and <5 [ Time Frame: At the single study visit, performed after at least 12 weeks of treatment with Kaletra QD ]
    The HIVTSQ consists of 10 items (1-Satisfaction, 2-HIV Control, 3-Adverse Effects, 4-Level of Demand, 5-Convenience, 6-Flexibility, 7-Knowledge, 8-Life Habits, 9-Recommendability, and 10-Willingness to Continue). Items are scored from 0 (very dissatisfied) to 6 (very satisfied), other than item 4, which has an inverted score from 6 (very demanding) to 0 (very undemanding). The items are aggregated to 3 different dimensions. The Overall Satisfaction dimension has a maximum score of 54 (items 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10). The mean of the individual item scores were dichotomized as 'mean score <5 (lower participant perception of LPV/r QD)' and 'mean score ≥5 (high or very high participant perception of LPV/r QD).' The dependent variable of a mean score <5 was correlated with the independent variables of viral load and time on treatment (see Outcome Measures 9 and 10), to determine the factors associated with a participant's lower perception of QD LPV/r treatment.

  7. Viral Load (VL) Change After at Least 12 Weeks of Treatment With the Lopinavir/Ritonavir (LPV/r) [ Time Frame: At the single study visit, performed after at least 12 weeks of treatment with Kaletra QD ]
    Viral load change was categorized as either 'detectable to undetectable,' 'undetectable to undetectable,' or 'current detectable' (includes participants whose viral load changed from undetectable to detectable and those whose viral load was detectable throughout). This independent variable was correlated with the percentage of participants with the dependent variable of a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (HIVTSQ) Overall Satisfaction dimension mean score value of <5 (see Outcome Measure 8), to determine the factors associated with a participant's lower perception of QD LPV/r treatment (see statistical analyses for odds ratio).

  8. Mean Number of Days on LPV/r QD [ Time Frame: At the single study visit, performed after at least 12 weeks of treatment with Kaletra QD ]
    This independent variable was correlated with the percentage of participants with the dependent variable of an HIVTSQ Overall Satisfaction dimension mean score value of <5 (see Outcome Measure 8), to determine the factors associated with a participant's lower perception of QD LPV/r treatment (see statistical analysis for odds ratio).

  9. Comparison of Mean Human Immunodeficiency Virus Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (HIVTSQ) Dimension Scores From QD-KAPITAL and KAPITAL2 Studies [ Time Frame: at the single study visit, performed after at least 12 weeks of treatment with Kaletra ]
    Participants' perceptions of the QD and BID LPV/r regimens using data from the overall study population of QD-KAPITAL and from Cohort 2 of a 2007-2008 study, respectively (KAPITAL2, Casado et al. See Detailed Description for full reference). The KAPITAL2 cohort was comprised of HIV-infected participants treated with LPV/r BID from ≥3 months to <2 years for at least 1 month before inclusion in the study. Data for the overall study population of QD-KAPITAL are provided here, but a comparison to Cohort 2 from the KAPITAL2 study is not presented.

  10. Percentage of Participants With Missing Doses During "the Past 4 Days" and "the Last Weekend" in KAPITAL-2 and QD-KAPITAL Studies [ Time Frame: at the single study visit, performed after at least 12 weeks of treatment with Kaletra ]
    Adherence to LPV/r QD therapy (overall study population of QD-KAPITAL) compared with that of LPV/r BID therapy using data of Cohort 2 from a 2007-2008 study, respectively (KAPITAL2, Casado et al. See Detailed Description for full reference). The KAPITAL2 cohort was comprised of HIV-infected participants treated with LPV/r BID from ≥3 months to <2 years for at least 1 month before inclusion in the study. (A full comparison of the adherence between the QD-KAPITAL study and the KAPITAL2 study could not be made due to formal differences in the applied adherence questionnaires; therefore, the above in-common specified item was compared.) Data for the overall study population of QD-KAPITAL are provided here, but a comparison to Cohort 2 from the KAPITAL2 study is not presented.


Eligibility Criteria
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Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies.


Ages Eligible for Study:   18 Years and older   (Adult, Older Adult)
Sexes Eligible for Study:   All
Accepts Healthy Volunteers:   No
Sampling Method:   Non-Probability Sample
Study Population
HIV-infected patients regularly visiting Spanish hospital/clinic physicians and treated with lopinavir/ritonavir once-a-day regimens.
Criteria

Inclusion criteria:

  1. Men or women aged 18 years or older, HIV-infected.

  2. Patients who were under LPV/r Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) for 3 to 24 months before study visit:

    Cohort 1: patients on LPV/r QD since they started the LPV/r regimen and who were naïve to protease inhibitor (PI) therapy.* Cohort 2: patients who previously started on LPV/r BID (maximum of 24 months before study) and switched to LPV/r QD (at least 3 months before the study visit).*

  3. Patients who were able to complete questionnaires by themselves.

  4. Patients who signed/dated informed consent to participate in the study.

    • NOTE: Patients who were taking LPV/r QD should have had no more than 3 protease inhibitor mutations by the time the treatment with this LPV/r dosing was initiated.

Exclusion criteria:

  1. Patients who were on LPV/r monotherapy or bi-therapy or on BID dosing at time of study visit.
  2. Patients who were using another LPV/r formulation different from 200/50 LPV/r mg tablets.
  3. Patients who were participating in any other clinical trial or postmarketing observational study (PMOS).
  4. Patients who were unable to read and/or write.
  5. Patients who were under treatment interruption. Patients who have stopped LPV-therapy for more than 3 months in the 12 months preceding study visit.
Contacts and Locations
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Information from the National Library of Medicine

To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.

Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT01383005


Locations
Spain
Site Ref # / Investigator 52274
A Coruna, Spain, 15006
Site Ref # / Investigator 52363
Barakaldo, Spain, 48903
Site Ref # / Investigator 52271
Barcelona, Spain, 08035
Site Ref # / Investigator 52270
Barcelona, Spain, 8036
Site Ref # / Investigator 52362
Cartagena, Spain, 30203
Site Ref # / Investigator 53650
Castellon de la Plana, Spain, 12004
Site Ref # / Investigator 52273
Ferrol (A Coruna), Spain, 15405
Site Ref # / Investigator 52264
Granada, Spain, 18014
Site Ref # / Investigator 52267
Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain, 08906
Site Ref # / Investigator 52262
Jaen, Spain, 23007
Site Ref # / Investigator 52263
Jerez de la Frontera (Cadiz), Spain, 11407
Site Ref # / Investigator 52345
Madrid, Spain, 28007
Site Ref # / Investigator 52275
Madrid, Spain, 28034
Site Ref # / Investigator 52302
Madrid, Spain, 28046
Site Ref # / Investigator 52343
Madrid, Spain, 28880
Site Ref # / Investigator 52344
Madrid, Spain, 28905
Site Ref # / Investigator 53648
Murcia, Spain, 30003
Site Ref # / Investigator 52268
Reus (Tarragona), Spain, 43201
Site Ref # / Investigator 52272
Valencia, Spain, 46009
Site Ref # / Investigator 52266
Zaragoza, Spain, 50009
Sponsors and Collaborators
AbbVie (prior sponsor, Abbott)
Triaca Magna, SA
Investigators
Study Director: Angel Burgos, PhD AbbVie S.L.U.
More Information
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Additional Information:
Related Info  This link exits the ClinicalTrials.gov site

Responsible Party: AbbVie (prior sponsor, Abbott)
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01383005     History of Changes
Other Study ID Numbers: P12-752
First Posted: June 28, 2011    Key Record Dates
Results First Posted: April 22, 2013
Last Update Posted: May 6, 2013
Last Verified: April 2013

Keywords provided by AbbVie ( AbbVie (prior sponsor, Abbott) ):
Treatment satisfaction
Adherence to treatment

Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
HIV Infections
Virus Diseases
Immune System Diseases
Lentivirus Infections
Retroviridae Infections
RNA Virus Infections
Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Slow Virus Diseases
 Lopinavir
HIV Protease Inhibitors
Protease Inhibitors
Enzyme Inhibitors
Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action
Anti-HIV Agents
Anti-Retroviral Agents
Antiviral Agents
Anti-Infective Agents
Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors
Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors