Schooling, Income, and HIV Risk in Malawi (SIHR)
Recruitment status was Active, not recruiting
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Purpose
This study is designed to evaluate a two-year randomized intervention in Malawi that provides cash transfers to current schoolgirls (and young women who have recently dropped out of school) to stay in (and return to) school in order to understand the possible effects of such programs on the sexual behavior of the beneficiaries and their subsequent HIV risk.
| Condition | Intervention |
|---|---|
|
HIV Schooling Conditional Cash Transfers Unconditional Cash Transfers |
Behavioral: Zomba Cash Transfer Program |
| Study Type: | Interventional |
| Study Design: | Allocation: Randomized Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment Masking: Open Label Primary Purpose: Prevention |
| Official Title: | Does Schooling Protect Young Women From HIV? |
- Sexually Transmitted Infections [ Time Frame: 18 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]HIV prevalence HSV-2 prevalence
- Schooling [ Time Frame: 12 months/24 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]school enrollment
- Sexually Transmitted Infections [ Time Frame: 18 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]syphilis
- Marriage and fertility [ Time Frame: 12 months/24 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]ever married currently pregnant
- sexual behavior [ Time Frame: 12 months/ 24 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]new sexual debut unprotected sexual intercourse weekly sexual intercourse had a sexual partner 25 or older
- HIV Awareness [ Time Frame: 12 months/24 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]ever tested for HIV received health training on HIV HIV knowledge
| Enrollment: | 3796 |
| Study Start Date: | September 2007 |
| Estimated Study Completion Date: | May 2013 |
| Primary Completion Date: | September 2012 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure) |
| Arms | Assigned Interventions |
|---|---|
|
Experimental: Unconditional cash transfers
Monthly cash transfers given to households with school aged girls with no strings attached. Transfer amounts randomized within this arm.
|
Behavioral: Zomba Cash Transfer Program
Cash transfers were provided monthly to a randomly selected sample of school aged girls. Amounts were also varied in both treatment arms.
|
|
Experimental: Conditional Cash Transfer
Monthly cash transfers given to households with school aged girls conditional on regular school attendance (80%). Transfer amounts randomized within this arm.
|
Behavioral: Zomba Cash Transfer Program
Cash transfers were provided monthly to a randomly selected sample of school aged girls. Amounts were also varied in both treatment arms.
|
|
No Intervention: Control Group
No cash transfer program implemented in this group.
|
Detailed Description:
Motivation:
Education has been suggested as a "social vaccine" to prevent the spread of HIV (Jukes, Simmons, and Bundy, 2008), but almost all of the evidence we have on the link between school attendance (or attainment) and the risk of HIV infection comes from cross-sectional studies. Furthermore, the role of income (especially that of women's poverty) has been hypothesized as a significant factor in the spread of HIV in SSA, but again there is no credible evidence showing a causal link between income and HIV risk. A randomized intervention, such as the one proposed here, that provides randomly varied amounts of cash transfers to young individuals and their guardians is the perfect setting to examine the possible existence of such causal relationships.
Objectives:
The objective of the proposed study here is to provide credible evidence on issues about which we still know very little. Specifically, the main questions the study will try to answer are the following:
- Are the observed effects of a CCT associated with the transfer or the conditionality imposed on the recipient?
- Do the outcomes of interest improve with increased benefit levels set by the program?
- Do CCT programs for schooling have any positive health impacts, including prevention of STIs such as HIV/AIDS among young people?
Eligibility| Ages Eligible for Study: | 13 Years to 22 Years |
| Genders Eligible for Study: | Female |
| Accepts Healthy Volunteers: | No |
Inclusion Criteria:
- female
- 13-22 years old
- never married
Contacts and LocationsPlease refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01333826
| Malawi | |
| Zomba District, Malawi | |
| Zomba, Malawi | |
| Principal Investigator: | Berk Ozler, PhD | World Bank | |
| Principal Investigator: | Craig T McIntosh, PhD | University of California, San Diego | |
| Principal Investigator: | Sarah J Baird, PhD | George Washington University | |
| Principal Investigator: | Ephraim Chirwa, PhD | University of Malawi | |
| Principal Investigator: | Richard S Garfein, PhD | University of California, San Diego |
More Information
Publications:
Additional publications automatically indexed to this study by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number):
| Responsible Party: | Sarah Baird, Assistant Professor, George Washington University |
| ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | NCT01333826 History of Changes |
| Other Study ID Numbers: | KCP: RF-P109215-RESE-TF090932, RSB: RF-P109215-RESE-BBRSB |
| Study First Received: | April 11, 2011 |
| Last Updated: | February 7, 2013 |
| Health Authority: | United States: Institutional Review Board Malawi: National Health Sciences Research Committee |
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on March 03, 2015