Impact of Antiretroviral Therapy on Metabolic, Skeletal, and Cardiovascular Parameters

This study has been completed.

Sponsor:

Collaborator:

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)

Information provided by (Responsible Party):

AIDS Clinical Trials Group

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:

NCT00851799

First received: February 24, 2009

Last updated: December 9, 2015

Last verified: December 2015

History of Changes

Purpose

The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) guidelines recommend that HIV-infected people who have never received anti-HIV therapy be treated with a triple drug regimen (commonly called combination antiretroviral therapy, cART). Since the introduction of cART, morbidity and mortality among HIV-infected patients has been dramatically reduced. However, metabolic, skeletal, and cardiovascular diseases have been increasingly reported among HIV-infected patients and may be attributable, in part, to the direct effects of cART. Much of our understanding of the development of these diseases, risk factors, and consequences of these disorders has been derived from clinical studies of HIV-infected persons receiving older antiretroviral agents.

A5260s was designed to examine the contributions of HIV-disease related factors and impact of newer antiretroviral drugs on the development of metabolic (such as blood vessels, blood sugar, cholesterol), skeletal, and cardiovascular diseases in people who have never received anti-HIV therapy. A5260s is a prospective substudy of a phase III randomized clinical trial A5257 (see ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00811954). A5257 was designed to look at different combinations of anti-HIV drugs that do not contain the medication efavirenz (EFV) and how well these drug combinations work to decrease the amount of HIV in the blood and to allow immune system recovery in people who have never received anti-HIV therapy. A5257 also examined drug tolerability and safety for the various drug combinations.

Condition	Intervention
HIV Infection	Drug: Emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate Drug: Ritonavir Drug: Atazanavir Drug: Raltegravir Drug: Darunavir


Study Type:	Observational
Study Design:	Observational Model: Cohort Time Perspective: Prospective
Official Title:	Cardiovascular, Anthropometric, and Skeletal Effects of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Initiation With Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (FTC/TDF) Plus Atazanavir/Ritonavir (ATV/r), Darunavir/Ritonavir (DRV/r), or Raltegravir (RAL): Metabolic Substudy of A5257

Resource links provided by NLM:

MedlinePlus related topics: HIV/AIDS

U.S. FDA Resources

Further study details as provided by AIDS Clinical Trials Group:

Primary Outcome Measures:

Annual Rate of Change in Right Common Carotid Artery Intima-media Thickness (CIMT) [ Time Frame: Study entry, week 144 ]
Right common carotid artery intima-media thickness was measured by ultrasound scan at study entry and weeks 48, 96 and 144.

The annual rate of change in right common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) was estimated over 144 weeks from study entry using mixed effects linear regression model that adjusted for screening HIV-1 RNA level and Framingham risk score stratification factors.
Change in Brachial Artery (BA) Flow Mediated Dilation (FMD) From Study Entry to Week 24 [ Time Frame: Study entry, week 24 ]
Brachial artery flow mediated dilation was measured by brachial artery reactivity tests. All results reflect measures captured from participants who reported fasting and not smoking for at least 8 hours prior to FMD assessments.

The change from study entry to week 24 in brachial artery FMD (%) was defined as the maximum FMD (%) calculated from resting heart rate (RH) 60 seconds and RH 90 seconds, relative to resting brachial artery diameter.

Secondary Outcome Measures:

Change in Brachial Artery Flow Mediated Dilation (FMD) From Study Entry to Weeks 4 and 48 [ Time Frame: Study entry, weeks 4 and 48 ]
Brachial artery flow mediated dilation was measured by brachial artery reactivity tests. All results reflect measures captured from participants who reported fasting and not smoking for at least 8 hours prior to FMD assessments.

The change from study entry to weeks 4 and 48 in brachial artery FMD (%) was defined as the maximum FMD (%) calculated from resting heart rate (RH) 60 seconds and RH 90 seconds, relative to resting brachial artery diameter.
Change in Absolute Flow Mediated Dilation (FMD) From Study Entry to Weeks 4, 24 and 48 [ Time Frame: Study entry, weeks 4, 24 and 48 ]
The change in absolute FMD was defined as the maximum absolute FMD from the RH 60 and 90 second measurements, from study entry to weeks 4, 24, and 48 (unit of measure millimeters). All results reflect measures captured from participants who reported fasting and not smoking for at least 8 hours prior to FMD assessments.
Percent Change in Bone Mineral Density (BMD) of the Hip From Study Entry to Week 96 [ Time Frame: Study entry, week 96 ]
Bone mineral density (BMD) of the hip was evaluated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans at study entry and study week 96. The percent change was calculated as ((week 96 value - study entry value) / study entry value)) x 100.
Percent Change in Bone Mineral Density (BMD) of the Lumber Spine From Study Entry to Week 96 [ Time Frame: Study entry, week 96 ]
Bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumber spine was evaluated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans at study entry and study week 96. The percent change was calculated as ((week 96 value - study entry value) / study entry value)) x 100.
Percent Change in Bone Mineral Density (BMD) of the Total Body From Study Entry to Week 96 [ Time Frame: Study entry, week 96 ]
Bone mineral density (BMD) of the total body was evaluated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans at study entry and study week 96. The percent change was calculated as ((week 96 value - study entry value) / study entry value)) x 100.
Percent Change in Total Limb Fat From Study Entry to Week 96 [ Time Frame: Study entry, week 96 ]
Total limb fat was evaluated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans at study entry and week 96. The percent change was calculated as ((week 96 value - study entry value) / study entry value)) x 100.
Percent Change in Trunk Fat From Study Entry to Week 96 [ Time Frame: Study entry, week 96 ]
Trunk fat was evaluated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans at study entry and week 96. The percent change was calculated as ((week 96 value - study entry value) / study entry value)) x 100.
Percent Change in Lean Mass From Study Entry to Week 96 [ Time Frame: Study entry, week 96 ]
Lean mass was evaluated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans at study entry and week 96. The percent change was calculated as ((week 96 value - study entry value) / study entry value)) x 100.
Percent Change in Visceral Abdominal Fat (VAT) From Study Entry to Week 96 [ Time Frame: Study entry, week 96 ]
Visceral abdominal fat (VAT) was evaluated by single slice abdominal computerized tomography scans at study entry and week 96. The percent change was calculated as as ((week 96 value - study entry value) / study entry value)) x 100.
Percent Change in Subcutaneous Abdominal Fat (SAT) From Study Entry to Week 96 [ Time Frame: Study entry, week 96 ]
Subcutaneous abdominal fat (SAT) was evaluated by single slice abdominal computerized tomography scans at study entry and week 96. The percent change was calculated as ((week 96 value - study entry value) / study entry value)) x 100.
CD4+ T-cell Count at Study Entry and Weeks 24, 48, 96 and 144 [ Time Frame: Study entry, weeks 24, 48, 96 and 144 ]
The absolute levels of CD4+ T-cell counts (cells/mm^3) measured at study entry and weeks 24, 48, 96 and 144.
Change in CD4+ T-cell Count From Study Entry to Weeks 24, 48, 96 and 144 [ Time Frame: Study entry to weeks 24, 48, 96, and 144 ]
Change was calculated as (CD4+ T-cell count at week 24, 48, 96, or 144) - (CD4+ T-cell count at study entry).
Change in Fasting Total Cholesterol (TC) From Study Entry to Weeks 4, 24, 48 and 96 [ Time Frame: Study entry, weeks 4, 24, 48 and 96 ]
Total cholesterol (TC, unit of measure mg/dL) was measured at study entry and weeks 4, 24, 48 and 96 from participants who reported fasting for at least 8 hours prior to assessment; all results were centrally laboratory tested in batch. Change in TC was calculated as (week 4, 24, 48 or 96 result) - (study entry result).
Change in Fasting Triglyceride (TG) From Study Entry to Weeks 4, 24, 48 and 96 [ Time Frame: Study entry, weeks 4, 24, 48 and 96 ]
Triglyceride (TG, unit of measure mg/dL) was measured at study entry and weeks 4, 24, 48 and 96 from participants who reported fasting for at least 8 hours prior to assessment; all results were centrally laboratory tested in batch. Change in TG was calculated as (week 4, 24, 48 or 96 result) - (study entry result).
Change in Fasting High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) From Study Entry to Weeks 4, 24, 48 and 96 [ Time Frame: Study entry, weeks 4, 24, 48 and 96 ]
HDL cholesterol (unit of measure mg/dL) was measured at study entry and weeks 4, 24, 48 and 96 from participants who reported fasting for at least 8 hours prior to assessment; all results were centrally laboratory tested in batch. Change in HDL-C was calculated as (week 4, 24, 48 or 96 result) - (study entry result).
Change in Fasting Calculated Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) From Study Entry to Weeks 4, 24, 48 and 96 [ Time Frame: Study entry, weeks 4, 24, 48 and 96 ]
Calculated LDL-C (unit of measure mg/dL) was measured at study entry and weeks 4, 24, 48 and 96 from participants who reported fasting for at least 8 hours prior to assessment; all results were centrally laboratory tested in batch. Change in calculated LDL-C was calculated as (week 4, 24, 48 or 96 result) - (study entry result).
Change in Fasting Glucose Level From Study Entry to Weeks 4, 24, 48 and 96 [ Time Frame: Study entry, weeks 4, 24, 48 and 96 ]
Glucose (unit of measure mg/dL) was measured at study entry and weeks 4, 24, 48 and 96; all results reflect measures captured from participants who reported fasting for at least 8 hours prior to assessment. Change was calculated as (fasting result during at week 4, 24, 48 or 96) - (fasting result at study entry).
Change in Fasting Insulin Level From Study Entry to Weeks 4, 24, 48 and 96 [ Time Frame: Study entry, weeks 4, 24, 48 and 96 ]
Insulin (unit of measure uIU/dL) was measured at study entry and weeks 4, 24, 48 and 96; all results reflect measures captured from participants who reported fasting for at least 8 hours prior to assessment. Change was calculated as (fasting result during at week 4, 24, 48 or 96) - (fasting result at study entry).
Fold Change in D-dimer From Study Entry to Weeks 48 and 96 [ Time Frame: Study entry, weeks 48 and 96 ]
D-dimer was measured at study entry and weeks 48 and 96 (unit of measure ug/ml). Fold change from study entry to week 48 or week 96 was calculated as (week 48 value or week 96 value) / (study entry value). Results identified above or below the limit of quantification were imputed at the quantification limit of the respective assay.
Fold Change in High Sensitivity C-reactive Protein (hsCRP) From Study Entry to Weeks 48 and 96 [ Time Frame: Study entry, weeks 48 and 96 ]
hsCRP was measured at study entry and weeks 48 and 96 (unit of measure ug/ml). Fold change from study entry to week 48 or week 96 was calculated as (week 48 value or week 96 value) / (study entry value). Results identified above or below the limit of quantification were imputed at the quantification limit of the respective assay.
Fold Change in Interleukin-6 (IL-6) From Study Entry to Weeks 48 and 96 [ Time Frame: Study entry, weeks 48 and 96 ]
IL-6 was measured at study entry and weeks 48 and 96 (unit of measure pg/ml). Fold change from study entry to week 48 or week 96 was calculated as (week 48 value or week 96 value) / (study entry value). Results identified above or below the limit of quantification were imputed at the quantification limit of the respective assay.
Fold Change in Soluble CD14 From Study Entry to Weeks 48 and 96 [ Time Frame: Study entry, weeks 48 and 96 ]
Soluble CD14 was measured at study entry and weeks 48 and 96 (unit of measure ng/ml). Fold change from study entry to week 48 or week 96 was calculated as (week 48 value or week 96 value) / (study entry value). Results identified above or below the limit of quantification were imputed at the quantification limit of the respective assay.
Fold Change in Soluble CD163 From Study Entry to Weeks 48 and 96 [ Time Frame: Study entry, weeks 48 and 96 ]
Soluble CD163 was measured at study entry and weeks 48 and 96 (unit of measure ng/ml). Fold change from study entry to week 48 or week 96 was calculated as (week 48 value or week 96 value) / (study entry value). Results identified above or below the limit of quantification were imputed at the quantification limit of the respective assay.
Fold Change in Percent Expression of CD38+HLADR+ on CD4+ (Percent) From Study Entry to Weeks 24 and 96 [ Time Frame: Study entry, weeks 24 and 96 ]
Percent expression of CD38+HLADR+ on CD4+ was measured at study entry and weeks 24 and 96 (unit of measure percent). Fold change from study entry to week 24 or week 96 was calculated as (week 24 value or week 96 value) / (study entry value).
Fold Change in Percent Expression of CD38+HLADR+ on CD8+ (Percent) From Study Entry to Weeks 24 and 96 [ Time Frame: Study entry, weeks 24 and 96 ]
Percent expression of CD38+HLADR+ on CD8+ was measured at study entry and weeks 24 and 96 (unit of measure percent). Fold change from study entry to week 24 or week 96 was calculated as (week 24 value or week 96 value) / (study entry value).

Biospecimen Retention: Samples Without DNA

Blood and urine samples will be collected and stored


Enrollment:	334
Study Start Date:	June 2009
Study Completion Date:	June 2013
Primary Completion Date:	June 2013 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)

Groups/Cohorts	Assigned Interventions
Cohort A ATV/RTV + FTC/TDF Emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (FTC/TDF), ritonavir (RTV), and atazanavir (ATV) to be taken orally, once daily.	Drug: Emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 200 mg emtricitabine/300 mg tenofovir disoproxil fumarate taken orally daily. A combination drug of two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). Other Name: TDF/FTC Drug: Ritonavir 100 mg taken orally once daily. A protease inhibitor (PI). Other Name: RTV Drug: Atazanavir 300 mg taken orally once daily. A protease inhibitor (PI). Other Name: ATV
Cohort B RAL + FTC/TDF FTC/TDF orally, once daily, and raltegravir (RAL) orally, twice daily.	Drug: Emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 200 mg emtricitabine/300 mg tenofovir disoproxil fumarate taken orally daily. A combination drug of two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). Other Name: TDF/FTC Drug: Ritonavir 100 mg taken orally once daily. A protease inhibitor (PI). Other Name: RTV Drug: Raltegravir 400 mg taken orally twice daily. An integrase inhibitor (INI). Other Name: RAL
Cohort C DRV/RTV + FTC/TDF FTC/TDF, darunavir (DRV), and RTV, orally, once daily.	Drug: Emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 200 mg emtricitabine/300 mg tenofovir disoproxil fumarate taken orally daily. A combination drug of two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). Other Name: TDF/FTC Drug: Ritonavir 100 mg taken orally once daily. A protease inhibitor (PI). Other Name: RTV Drug: Darunavir 100 mg taken orally once daily. A protease inhibitor (PI). Other Name: RTV

Detailed Description:

A5260s is the optional, metabolic substudy of a phase III, prospective, randomized clinical trial (A5257). For complete details about the parent study A5257, please see ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00811954.

Some participants in study A5257 were asked to participate in substudy A5260s. Not all participants were asked since A5260s only took place at a subset of A5257 sites. Participants who agreed to participate in substudy A5260s were enrolled at the same time as their enrollment in A5257. No interventions were given as part of A5260s, but all A5260s participants underwent blood draws, self-administered questionnaire responses (related to physical activity and body image), ultrasound scans to measure the thickness of the carotid artery in the neck and brachial artery flow mediated dilation in the arm, and computerized topography (CT) and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans to measure bone mineral density and body fat.

The duration of A5260s study was between 2 and 3 years (96 and 144 weeks), depending on when the participant enrolled. The study was designed to enroll a total of 330 participants with at least 110 per a group; each group represented a different randomized drug combination as defined and assigned by the main study A5257.

Cohort A: Atazanavir (ATV) + Ritonavir (RTV) + Emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (FTC/TDF)

Cohort B: Raltegravir (RAL) + FTC/TDF

Cohort C: Darunavir (DRV) + RTV + FTC/TDF

All participants were asked to return for A5260s clinic visits at weeks 4, 24, 48 96 and 144 and participated in all clinical evaluations. No clinical evaluation was restricted to a subset of A5260s participants. If a participant chose to discontinue participation in the substudy, the participant was able to continue in study A5257. However, a participant discontinuing participation from A5257 was also removed from A5260s. Additionally, a participant's decision to discontinue or switch study drugs in the main study did not impact participation and follow-up clinic visits in A5260s.

Eligibility


Ages Eligible for Study:	18 Years and older (Adult, Senior)
Sexes Eligible for Study:	All
Accepts Healthy Volunteers:	No
Sampling Method:	Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Antiretroviral naïve, HIV-infected men and women with HIV-1 RNA level >1000 copies/ml initiating treatment for HIV-1 infection.

Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

Enrollment in A5257 and intent to enroll in A5001 (ALLRT)
Signed informed consent
For A5257 inclusion criteria, please see ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00811954

Exclusion Criteria:

Diabetes mellitus, (fasting plasma glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL on two occasions or on hypoglycemic medications).
Known cardiovascular disease (history of myocardial infarction [MI], coronary artery bypass graft surgery, percutaneous coronary intervention, stroke, transient ischemic attack, or peripheral arterial disease with ankle-brachial index of less than 0.9 or claudication)
Uncontrolled hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism which in the opinion of the site investigator would affect substudy participation
Current use of statins, fish oil (greater than 2 grams per day), fibric acid derivatives, or niacin (more than 1000 mg per day) (NOTE: Current use of fish oil and niacin is defined as receiving treatment in the 8 weeks prior to study entry)
Intention to start pharmacological or surgical intervention for weight loss
Use of any ART in the 30 days before study entry
For A5257 exclusion criteria, please see ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00811954

Contacts and Locations

Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the Contacts provided below. For general information, see Learn About Clinical Studies.

Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00851799

Show 26 Study Locations

Sponsors and Collaborators

AIDS Clinical Trials Group

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)

Investigators


Study Chair:	Todd Brown, MD, PhD	Johns Hopkins University
Study Chair:	James Stein, MD	University of Wisconsin, Madison
Study Chair:	Grace McComsey, MD, FIDSA	University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center
Study Chair:	Judith Currier, MD, MSc	UCLA AIDS Prevention & Treatment CTU

More Information

Publications:

Stein JH, Ribaudo HJ, Hodis HN, Brown TT, Tran TT, Yan M, Brodell EL, Kelesidis T, McComsey GA, Dube MP, Murphy RL, Currier JS. A prospective, randomized clinical trial of antiretroviral therapies on carotid wall thickness. AIDS. 2015 Sep 10;29(14):1775-83. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000762. Erratum in: AIDS. 2016 Jan;30(2):337.

Kelesidis T, Tran TT, Stein JH, Brown TT, Moser C, Ribaudo HJ, Dube MP, Murphy R, Yang OO, Currier JS, McComsey GA. Changes in Inflammation and Immune Activation With Atazanavir-, Raltegravir-, Darunavir-Based Initial Antiviral Therapy: ACTG 5260s. Clin Infect Dis. 2015 Aug 15;61(4):651-60. doi: 10.1093/cid/civ327. Epub 2015 Apr 22.

Brown TT, Moser C, Currier JS, Ribaudo HJ, Rothenberg J, Kelesidis T, Yang O, Dubé MP, Murphy RL, Stein JH, McComsey GA. Changes in Bone Mineral Density After Initiation of Antiretroviral Treatment With Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtricitabine Plus Atazanavir/Ritonavir, Darunavir/Ritonavir, or Raltegravir. J Infect Dis. 2015 Oct 15;212(8):1241-9. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiv194. Epub 2015 May 5.

Stein JH, Brown TT, Ribaudo HJ, Chen Y, Yan M, Lauer-Brodell E, McComsey GA, Dubé MP, Murphy RL, Hodis HN, Currier JS. Ultrasonographic measures of cardiovascular disease risk in antiretroviral treatment-naive individuals with HIV infection. AIDS. 2013 Mar 27;27(6):929-37. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32835ce27e.

Brown TT, Chen Y, Currier JS, Ribaudo HJ, Rothenberg J, Dubé MP, Murphy R, Stein JH, McComsey GA. Body composition, soluble markers of inflammation, and bone mineral density in antiretroviral therapy-naive HIV-1-infected individuals. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2013 Jul 1;63(3):323-30. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e318295eb1d.

Lennox JL, Landovitz RJ, Ribaudo HJ, Ofotokun I, Na LH, Godfrey C, Kuritzkes DR, Sagar M, Brown TT, Cohn SE, McComsey GA, Aweeka F, Fichtenbaum CJ, Presti RM, Koletar SL, Haas DW, Patterson KB, Benson CA, Baugh BP, Leavitt RY, Rooney JF, Seekins D, Currier JS; ACTG A5257 Team. Efficacy and tolerability of 3 nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-sparing antiretroviral regimens for treatment-naive volunteers infected with HIV-1: a randomized, controlled equivalence trial. Ann Intern Med. 2014 Oct 7;161(7):461-71. doi: 10.7326/M14-1084. Erratum in: Ann Intern Med. 2014 Nov 4;161(9):680.

Ofotokun I, Na LH, Landovitz RJ, Ribaudo HJ, McComsey GA, Godfrey C, Aweeka F, Cohn SE, Sagar M, Kuritzkes DR, Brown TT, Patterson KB, Para MF, Leavitt RY, Villasis-Keever A, Baugh BP, Lennox JL, Currier JS; AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) A5257 Team. Comparison of the metabolic effects of ritonavir-boosted darunavir or atazanavir versus raltegravir, and the impact of ritonavir plasma exposure: ACTG 5257. Clin Infect Dis. 2015 Jun 15;60(12):1842-51. doi: 10.1093/cid/civ193. Epub 2015 Mar 12.

Vardhanabhuti S, Ribaudo HJ, Landovitz RJ, Ofotokun I, Lennox JL, Currier JS, Olson LM, Haas DW. Screening for UGT1A1 Genotype in Study A5257 Would Have Markedly Reduced Premature Discontinuation of Atazanavir for Hyperbilirubinemia. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2015 Jul 1;2(3):ofv085. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofv085. eCollection 2015 Sep.

Publications automatically indexed to this study by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number):

McComsey GA, Moser C, Currier J, Ribaudo HJ, Paczuski P, Dubé MP, Kelesidis T, Rothenberg J, Stein JH, Brown TT. Body Composition Changes After Initiation of Raltegravir or Protease Inhibitors: ACTG A5260s. Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Apr 1;62(7):853-62. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciw017. Epub 2016 Jan 20.


Responsible Party:	AIDS Clinical Trials Group
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:	NCT00851799 History of Changes
Other Study ID Numbers:	ACTG A5260s 1U01AI068636 ( U.S. NIH Grant/Contract ) ACTG A5257 metabolic substudy
Study First Received:	February 24, 2009
Results First Received:	November 4, 2015
Last Updated:	December 9, 2015

Keywords provided by AIDS Clinical Trials Group:


ART Antiretroviral therapy Treatment naive Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)

Additional relevant MeSH terms:


HIV Infections Lentivirus Infections Retroviridae Infections RNA Virus Infections Virus Diseases Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral Sexually Transmitted Diseases Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes Immune System Diseases Ritonavir Darunavir Atazanavir Sulfate Tenofovir Raltegravir Potassium Emtricitabine	Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Drug Combination Protease Inhibitors HIV Protease Inhibitors Enzyme Inhibitors Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action Anti-HIV Agents Anti-Retroviral Agents Antiviral Agents Anti-Infective Agents Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors HIV Integrase Inhibitors Integrase Inhibitors

HIV Infections
Lentivirus Infections
Retroviridae Infections
RNA Virus Infections
Virus Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes
Immune System Diseases
Ritonavir
Darunavir
Atazanavir Sulfate
Tenofovir
Raltegravir Potassium
Emtricitabine

Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Drug Combination
Protease Inhibitors
HIV Protease Inhibitors
Enzyme Inhibitors
Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action
Anti-HIV Agents
Anti-Retroviral Agents
Antiviral Agents
Anti-Infective Agents
Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors
Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors
HIV Integrase Inhibitors
Integrase Inhibitors

ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on September 20, 2017

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