Effectiveness of Recovery Protocols Combination in Soccer Players

• ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04841733
• Recruitment Status: Enrolling by invitation
• First Posted: April 12, 2021
• Last Update Posted: April 20, 2021
• Sponsor: University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia
• Information provided by (Responsible Party): University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia

Study Description

Brief Summary:

The main objective of this project is to compare the effectiveness of combining different recovery methods on perceptual and physical performance on soccer players.

Condition or disease	Intervention/treatment	Phase
Soccer; Physical Stress; Fatigue	Other: Foam Roller (FR); Other: Stretching (STR); Other: Cold-Water Immersion (CWI)	Not Applicable

Detailed Description:

A crossover study will be performed and players will be assigned to different recovery methods combinations after their participation in a football game. The investigators will take baseline measures before the game and post-competition measures 24 hours after the game (one hour before the recovery intervention). Moreover, another two measure moments will be used, 24 and 48 hours after the recovery intervention.

Study Design

• Study Type: Interventional (Clinical Trial)
• Estimated Enrollment: 20 participants
• Allocation: Non-Randomized
• Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: Single (Outcomes Assessor)
• Primary Purpose: Other
• Official Title: Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Combination of Different Post-effort Recovery Methods on Quality and Recovery Time in Semi-professional Soccer Players
• Actual Study Start Date: April 18, 2021
• Estimated Primary Completion Date: September 2021
• Estimated Study Completion Date: October 2021

Arms and Interventions

Arm	Intervention/treatment
Experimental: Protocol I: Foam Roller (FR) + Cold-Water Immersion (CWI); Foam Roller (FR) Cold-Water Immersion (CWI)	Other: Foam Roller (FR); Foam Roller (FR): participants will follow the Foam Roller protocol using a polyvinylchloride pipe roller (10.3-cm diameter, 0.3-cm thickness surrounded by a 1,5-cm thickness neoprene foam). They will begin with the Foam Roller at the most proximal portion of the muscle and to roll as much body mass as tolerable back and forth along it as smoothly as possible at a cadence of 1 second superior and 1 second inferior as determined with the metronome. Foam Roller will be performed for 45 seconds followed by a 15-second rest for each muscle group (quadriceps, adductors, hamstrings, abductors and calf) in each extremity and repeated once.; Other: Cold-Water Immersion (CWI); Cold-Water Immersion (CWI): will be the last strategy used. Participants will immerse their lower body to the level of the hips for 10 minutes in cold water (10° C).
Experimental: Protocol II: Stretching (STR) + Cold-Water Immersion (CWI); Stretching (STR) Cold-Water Immersion (CWI)	Other: Stretching (STR); Stretching (STR): participants will perform 8-min of static stretching, involving 3 bilateral repetitions of 30 seconds held stretches to the quadriceps, adductors, hamstrings, abductors and calf muscles.; Other: Cold-Water Immersion (CWI); Cold-Water Immersion (CWI): will be the last strategy used. Participants will immerse their lower body to the level of the hips for 10 minutes in cold water (10° C).
Experimental: Protocol III: Foam Roller (FR) + Stretching (STR); Foam Roller (FR) Stretching (STR)	Other: Foam Roller (FR); Foam Roller (FR): participants will follow the Foam Roller protocol using a polyvinylchloride pipe roller (10.3-cm diameter, 0.3-cm thickness surrounded by a 1,5-cm thickness neoprene foam). They will begin with the Foam Roller at the most proximal portion of the muscle and to roll as much body mass as tolerable back and forth along it as smoothly as possible at a cadence of 1 second superior and 1 second inferior as determined with the metronome. Foam Roller will be performed for 45 seconds followed by a 15-second rest for each muscle group (quadriceps, adductors, hamstrings, abductors and calf) in each extremity and repeated once.; Other: Stretching (STR); Stretching (STR): participants will perform 8-min of static stretching, involving 3 bilateral repetitions of 30 seconds held stretches to the quadriceps, adductors, hamstrings, abductors and calf muscles.
Experimental: Protocol IV: Foam Roller (FR) + Stretching (STR) + Cold-Water Immersion (CWI); Foam Roller (FR) Stretching (STR) Cold-Water Immersion (CWI)	Other: Foam Roller (FR); Foam Roller (FR): participants will follow the Foam Roller protocol using a polyvinylchloride pipe roller (10.3-cm diameter, 0.3-cm thickness surrounded by a 1,5-cm thickness neoprene foam). They will begin with the Foam Roller at the most proximal portion of the muscle and to roll as much body mass as tolerable back and forth along it as smoothly as possible at a cadence of 1 second superior and 1 second inferior as determined with the metronome. Foam Roller will be performed for 45 seconds followed by a 15-second rest for each muscle group (quadriceps, adductors, hamstrings, abductors and calf) in each extremity and repeated once.; Other: Stretching (STR); Stretching (STR): participants will perform 8-min of static stretching, involving 3 bilateral repetitions of 30 seconds held stretches to the quadriceps, adductors, hamstrings, abductors and calf muscles.; Other: Cold-Water Immersion (CWI); Cold-Water Immersion (CWI): will be the last strategy used. Participants will immerse their lower body to the level of the hips for 10 minutes in cold water (10° C).

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures :

1. Neuromuscular or physical performance measures change: jump height [ Time Frame: Baseline, 1 hour before intervention, 24 hours after intervention, 48 hours after intervention ]
   Counter Movement Jump (CMJ) will be performed to determine the maximum height in centimeters (cm). From standing position with the hands fixed on the hips, participants will be required to bend their knees to a freely chosen angle and perform a maximal vertical jump. Participants will be instructed to keep their body vertical throughout the jump, and to land with knees fully extended. Any jump that will be perceived to deviate from the required instructions will be repeated. Players will jump 3 times as high as possible and the best attempt will be used in subsequent analysis. A 15-s passive recovery phase will be provided between jumps.
2. Neuromuscular or physical performance measures change: jump flight and contact time [ Time Frame: Baseline, 1 hour before intervention, 24 hours after intervention, 48 hours after intervention ]
   Counter Movement Jump (CMJ) will be performed to determine the jump flight and contact time in milliseconds (ms). From standing position with the hands fixed on the hips, participants will be required to bend their knees to a freely chosen angle and perform a maximal vertical jump. Participants will be instructed to keep their body vertical throughout the jump, and to land with knees fully extended. Any jump that will be perceived to deviate from the required instructions will be repeated. Players will jump 3 times as high as possible and the best attempt will be used in subsequent analysis. A 15-s passive recovery phase will be provided between jumps.

Secondary Outcome Measures :

1. Subjective perceptual/well-being questionnaire measures change [ Time Frame: Baseline, 1 hour before intervention, 24 hours after intervention, 48 hours after intervention ]
   The well-being questionnaire (McLean et al. 2010) will assess participants' fatigue, sleep quality, general muscle soreness, stress levels and mood on a five-point scale (scores of 1[worst outcome] to 5 [best outcome], 0.5 point increments). Overall well-being will then be determined by summing the five scores.
2. Total Quality Recovery perceived (TQRper) scale. Subjective perceptual questionnaire measures change [ Time Frame: Baseline, 1 hour before intervention, 24 hours after intervention, 48 hours after intervention ]
   Players will be asked to rate their recovery using the subjective questionnaire Total Quality Recovery perceived (TQRper) scale (Kenttä & Hassmén, 1998) answering the question "how recovered you feel?" on a scale which ranges from 0 (very poorly recovered) to 10 (very well recovered) and it's used as a subjective measurement to assess the fatigue suffered by the players (Laurent et al., 2011).
3. Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale. Subjective perceptual questionnaire measures change [ Time Frame: Baseline, 1 hour before intervention, 24 hours after intervention, 48 hours after intervention ]
   Players will be asked to rate their rate of perceived exertion using Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) Borg's scale answering the question "how exhausted do you feel?" on a scale which ranges from 0 (extremely well-rested) to 10 (extremely exhausted) (Casamichana et al., 2013).

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 16 Years and older (Child, Adult, Older Adult)
• Sexes Eligible for Study: Male
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

• semi-professional soccer players
• 75 minutes game participation (minimum)
• 5 years of experience practicing soccer

Exclusion Criteria:

• goalkeepers
• injured players

Contacts and Locations

Locations

Spain

Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya

Vic, Spain, 08500

Sponsors and Collaborators

University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia

Investigators

• Principal Investigator: Albert Altarriba-Bartes; UVic-UCC

More Information

Publications:

McLean BD, Coutts AJ, Kelly V, McGuigan MR, Cormack SJ. Neuromuscular, endocrine, and perceptual fatigue responses during different length between-match microcycles in professional rugby league players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2010 Sep;5(3):367-83.

Kenttä G, Hassmén P. Overtraining and recovery. A conceptual model. Sports Med. 1998 Jul;26(1):1-16. Review.

Laurent CM, Green JM, Bishop PA, Sjökvist J, Schumacker RE, Richardson MT, Curtner-Smith M. A practical approach to monitoring recovery: development of a perceived recovery status scale. J Strength Cond Res. 2011 Mar;25(3):620-8. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181c69ec6.

Casamichana D, Castellano J, Calleja-Gonzalez J, San Román J, Castagna C. Relationship between indicators of training load in soccer players. J Strength Cond Res. 2013 Feb;27(2):369-74. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182548af1.

• Responsible Party: University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia
• ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04841733
• Other Study ID Numbers: RCTREC002
• First Posted: April 12, 2021
• Last Update Posted: April 20, 2021
• Last Verified: April 2021

Individual Participant Data (IPD) Sharing Statement:

• Plan to Share IPD: No

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product: No

Keywords provided by University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia:

Performance; Recovery; Fatigue; Soccer

Additional relevant MeSH terms:

Fatigue