Adaptive Preventive Intervention for College Alcohol Use

• ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03930524
• Recruitment Status: Completed
• First Posted: April 29, 2019
• Last Update Posted: August 9, 2022
• Sponsor: University of Minnesota
• Collaborators: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA); University of Michigan; University of Washington
• Information provided by (Responsible Party): University of Minnesota

Study Description

Brief Summary:

This research project is designed to promote health among first-year college students by implementing an adaptive sequence of preventive intervention strategies to motivate heavy-drinking college students to access existing resources in order to reduce high-risk alcohol use and negative consequences. If found efficacious, the adaptive preventive intervention (API) has the potential to reduce both the acute negative health consequences (e.g., injury, alcohol poisoning) and long-term health consequences (e.g., alcohol use disorders) of young adult alcohol use, while seeking to leverage technology in order to use campus resources in the most efficient way possible.

Condition or disease	Intervention/treatment	Phase
College Student Drinking	Behavioral: Personalized Normative Feedback (PNF); Behavioral: M-Bridge Online Health Coach; Behavioral: Web-BASICS; Behavioral: Health Promotion Consultation; Behavioral: Self-Monitoring (SM)	Not Applicable

Detailed Description:

College student alcohol use and associated negative consequences are public health problems. In particular, first-year students transitioning to college are at increased risk. Scarce intervention resources must be used as wisely as possible to address these concerns. One way to address heavy drinking while conserving resources is to first utilize universal interventions, identify students at high risk who do not respond well, and then motivate them to engage in indicated intervention. This approach to prevention is 'adaptive' because information about the student in the course of the intervention (e.g., response status) is used to determine whether more resources should be invested to motivate the student to transition to indicated services. The purpose of this project is to implement adaptive preventive intervention (API) that employs cost-effective, technology-based brief interventions to do the following. First, provide a universal personalized normative feedback (PNF) intervention followed by student self-monitoring (SM). Second, motivate students who continue to drink heavily (i.e., 2+ reports of 4/5+ drinks for women/men, or 1 report of 8/10+ drinks for women/men) to transition to additional intervention resources. To optimize the efficacy of this intervention, we will investigate the best timing for delivering the initial universal PNF+SM intervention (i.e., as an inoculation before moving to college vs. once they are experiencing the college context during their first semester). Additionally, we will examine how best to motivate heavy-drinking students to pursue indicated intervention (i.e., via automated emails vs. online interaction with a personal health coach using M-bridge). A sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART) design will be used to address these questions. College students will be randomized to receive PNF either before college begins (2 weeks before classes start) or during the beginning of the first semester (about 3 weeks after they arrive on campus), followed by SM every two weeks during the first semester; these SM assessments will be used to identify heavy-drinking students who remain at risk. Once heavy drinking is identified, the student will be re-randomized to either an automated email or M-bridge health coach to offer indicated intervention resources. The specific aims are to examine: (1) the efficacy of the API compared to an assessment-only control, (2) whether the API can be optimized by altering the timing of the universal intervention and/or the type of message to motivate seeking indicated intervention, and (3) moderators of these effects (e.g., pre-college drinking intentions, high-intensity [compared to binge] drinking during the start of college). Frequency of heavy drinking, alcohol-related consequences, and health services utilization will be assessed prior to the start of classes, and at each follow-up point (the end of the semester, the end of the year, and the following fall). The API to be refined through this project will offer a novel strategy for mitigating both the acute negative health consequences (e.g., injury, alcohol poisoning) and long-term health consequences (e.g., alcohol use disorders) of young adult alcohol use.

Study Design

• Study Type: Interventional (Clinical Trial)
• Actual Enrollment: 891 participants
• Allocation: Randomized
• Intervention Model: Sequential Assignment
• Intervention Model Description: Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial
• Masking: None (Open Label)
• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Official Title: An Adaptive Preventive Intervention to Optimize the Transition From Universal to Indicated Resources for College Student Alcohol Use
• Actual Study Start Date: July 31, 2019
• Actual Primary Completion Date: August 1, 2022
• Actual Study Completion Date: August 1, 2022

Arms and Interventions

Arm	Intervention/treatment
No Intervention: Assessment Only; Control
Experimental: Early-college Universal; Prior to beginning their first semester of college, incoming students will receive personalized normative feedback (PNF) comparing their experiences to other college students their age, as well as up to 4 self-monitoring surveys over the course of the semester.	Behavioral: Personalized Normative Feedback (PNF); Personalized normative feedback is generated by a process in which: (1) baseline surveys gather respondent information; (2) a computer program links the data with algorithms to select feedback messages; (3) a format for feedback presentation is specified; and (4) the program generates output. Norms will focus on prevalence of drinking, consuming 4/5+ drinks, total number of drinks consumed each week, and maximum drinks consumed. Normative information will be from the national Monitoring the Future (MTF) study college student sample and the University of Minnesota Twin Cities campus. Students will be sent a link to a website where they see their own personal responses in the feedback. Feedback will detail quantity and frequency of drinking (a) reported by the participant him/herself, (b) according to the participant's perception of the descriptive norm for drinking quantity and frequency for the reference group, and (c) reflecting the actual descriptive norm for the reference group.; Behavioral: Self-Monitoring (SM); Students will be asked to self-report their alcohol use every 2 weeks in response to two main questions (frequency of 4/5+ drinking in the past 2 weeks, frequency of past 2-week 8/10+ drinking), as well as consequences of their drinking. The therapeutic role of SM is two-fold. First, SM facilitates deliberate attention to and reflection on the person's actions, the conditions under which these actions occur, and their consequences (Bandura, 1998; Kanfer, 1970). Hence, SM of drinking behaviors and consequences has the potential to promote awareness of problematic drinking and need for health services. Second, SM affords the opportunity to obtain ongoing information concerning the target behavior, which can be used to inform timely intervention decisions (Nahum-Shani et al., 2016)
Experimental: Early-college No Coach (automated email); Students from the early-college universal arm, who flag on one of the self monitoring surveys are invited to engage in a web-based resource or in-person consultation to improve well-being, with a particular emphasis on alcohol use.	Behavioral: Personalized Normative Feedback (PNF); Personalized normative feedback is generated by a process in which: (1) baseline surveys gather respondent information; (2) a computer program links the data with algorithms to select feedback messages; (3) a format for feedback presentation is specified; and (4) the program generates output. Norms will focus on prevalence of drinking, consuming 4/5+ drinks, total number of drinks consumed each week, and maximum drinks consumed. Normative information will be from the national Monitoring the Future (MTF) study college student sample and the University of Minnesota Twin Cities campus. Students will be sent a link to a website where they see their own personal responses in the feedback. Feedback will detail quantity and frequency of drinking (a) reported by the participant him/herself, (b) according to the participant's perception of the descriptive norm for drinking quantity and frequency for the reference group, and (c) reflecting the actual descriptive norm for the reference group.; Behavioral: Web-BASICS; Web-BASICS is delivered online and responds to individual participant input with the same motivational information and feedback as used in the in-person BASICS intervention. In-person BASICS content (Dimeff et. al., 1999) was developed for online use in studies conducted by Drs. Larimer and Lee (e.g., LaBrie et al., 2013; Lee et al., 2014; Neighbors et al., 2012a). Web-BASICS feedback contains text and graphical feedback regarding students' reported drinking quantity, frequency, peak alcohol consumption, and blood alcohol content (BAC), risks for alcohol problems based on participant family history and consumption patterns, protective behaviors the participant already uses and others he/she might consider, and a tips page with a BAC chart, information on reduced-risk drinking, and where to get more information. Participants can print and/or view their individualized content online for up to 3 months.; Other Name: Brief Alcohol Screening Intervention for College Students; Behavioral: Health Promotion Consultation; A health promotion consultation via a campus clinic is a confidential exploration of student drug and alcohol use. Health Promotion Consultants help students assess how their alcohol and other substance use affects their life and learn how to make healthier decisions.; Behavioral: Self-Monitoring (SM); Students will be asked to self-report their alcohol use every 2 weeks in response to two main questions (frequency of 4/5+ drinking in the past 2 weeks, frequency of past 2-week 8/10+ drinking), as well as consequences of their drinking. The therapeutic role of SM is two-fold. First, SM facilitates deliberate attention to and reflection on the person's actions, the conditions under which these actions occur, and their consequences (Bandura, 1998; Kanfer, 1970). Hence, SM of drinking behaviors and consequences has the potential to promote awareness of problematic drinking and need for health services. Second, SM affords the opportunity to obtain ongoing information concerning the target behavior, which can be used to inform timely intervention decisions (Nahum-Shani et al., 2016)
Experimental: Early-college Coach; Students from the early-college universal arm, who flag on one of the self monitoring surveys are invited to correspond with an online health coach who will use motivational interviewing strategies to encourage engagement in a web-based resource or in-person consultation to improve well-being, with a particular emphasis on alcohol use.	Behavioral: Personalized Normative Feedback (PNF); Personalized normative feedback is generated by a process in which: (1) baseline surveys gather respondent information; (2) a computer program links the data with algorithms to select feedback messages; (3) a format for feedback presentation is specified; and (4) the program generates output. Norms will focus on prevalence of drinking, consuming 4/5+ drinks, total number of drinks consumed each week, and maximum drinks consumed. Normative information will be from the national Monitoring the Future (MTF) study college student sample and the University of Minnesota Twin Cities campus. Students will be sent a link to a website where they see their own personal responses in the feedback. Feedback will detail quantity and frequency of drinking (a) reported by the participant him/herself, (b) according to the participant's perception of the descriptive norm for drinking quantity and frequency for the reference group, and (c) reflecting the actual descriptive norm for the reference group.; Behavioral: M-Bridge Online Health Coach; A health coach will correspond with students via a secure online chat platform, utilizing motivational interviewing strategies to encourage students to consider their values and goals, the possibility of behavior change, and available services. The goal of the dialogue is to motivate the student to access alcohol use interventions (Web-BASICS or an in-person health promotion consultation).; Other Name: Electronic Bridge to Mental Health Services (eBridge); Behavioral: Web-BASICS; Web-BASICS is delivered online and responds to individual participant input with the same motivational information and feedback as used in the in-person BASICS intervention. In-person BASICS content (Dimeff et. al., 1999) was developed for online use in studies conducted by Drs. Larimer and Lee (e.g., LaBrie et al., 2013; Lee et al., 2014; Neighbors et al., 2012a). Web-BASICS feedback contains text and graphical feedback regarding students' reported drinking quantity, frequency, peak alcohol consumption, and blood alcohol content (BAC), risks for alcohol problems based on participant family history and consumption patterns, protective behaviors the participant already uses and others he/she might consider, and a tips page with a BAC chart, information on reduced-risk drinking, and where to get more information. Participants can print and/or view their individualized content online for up to 3 months.; Other Name: Brief Alcohol Screening Intervention for College Students; Behavioral: Health Promotion Consultation; A health promotion consultation via a campus clinic is a confidential exploration of student drug and alcohol use. Health Promotion Consultants help students assess how their alcohol and other substance use affects their life and learn how to make healthier decisions.; Behavioral: Self-Monitoring (SM); Students will be asked to self-report their alcohol use every 2 weeks in response to two main questions (frequency of 4/5+ drinking in the past 2 weeks, frequency of past 2-week 8/10+ drinking), as well as consequences of their drinking. The therapeutic role of SM is two-fold. First, SM facilitates deliberate attention to and reflection on the person's actions, the conditions under which these actions occur, and their consequences (Bandura, 1998; Kanfer, 1970). Hence, SM of drinking behaviors and consequences has the potential to promote awareness of problematic drinking and need for health services. Second, SM affords the opportunity to obtain ongoing information concerning the target behavior, which can be used to inform timely intervention decisions (Nahum-Shani et al., 2016)
Experimental: Later-college Universal; After beginning their first semester of college, students will receive personalized normative feedback (PNF) comparing their experiences to other college students their age, as well as up to 4 self-monitoring surveys over the course of the semester.	Behavioral: Personalized Normative Feedback (PNF); Personalized normative feedback is generated by a process in which: (1) baseline surveys gather respondent information; (2) a computer program links the data with algorithms to select feedback messages; (3) a format for feedback presentation is specified; and (4) the program generates output. Norms will focus on prevalence of drinking, consuming 4/5+ drinks, total number of drinks consumed each week, and maximum drinks consumed. Normative information will be from the national Monitoring the Future (MTF) study college student sample and the University of Minnesota Twin Cities campus. Students will be sent a link to a website where they see their own personal responses in the feedback. Feedback will detail quantity and frequency of drinking (a) reported by the participant him/herself, (b) according to the participant's perception of the descriptive norm for drinking quantity and frequency for the reference group, and (c) reflecting the actual descriptive norm for the reference group.; Behavioral: Self-Monitoring (SM); Students will be asked to self-report their alcohol use every 2 weeks in response to two main questions (frequency of 4/5+ drinking in the past 2 weeks, frequency of past 2-week 8/10+ drinking), as well as consequences of their drinking. The therapeutic role of SM is two-fold. First, SM facilitates deliberate attention to and reflection on the person's actions, the conditions under which these actions occur, and their consequences (Bandura, 1998; Kanfer, 1970). Hence, SM of drinking behaviors and consequences has the potential to promote awareness of problematic drinking and need for health services. Second, SM affords the opportunity to obtain ongoing information concerning the target behavior, which can be used to inform timely intervention decisions (Nahum-Shani et al., 2016)
Experimental: Later-college No Coach (automated email); Students from the later-college universal arm, who flag on one of the self monitoring surveys are invited to engage in a web-based resource or in-person consultation to improve well-being, with a particular emphasis on alcohol use.	Behavioral: Personalized Normative Feedback (PNF); Personalized normative feedback is generated by a process in which: (1) baseline surveys gather respondent information; (2) a computer program links the data with algorithms to select feedback messages; (3) a format for feedback presentation is specified; and (4) the program generates output. Norms will focus on prevalence of drinking, consuming 4/5+ drinks, total number of drinks consumed each week, and maximum drinks consumed. Normative information will be from the national Monitoring the Future (MTF) study college student sample and the University of Minnesota Twin Cities campus. Students will be sent a link to a website where they see their own personal responses in the feedback. Feedback will detail quantity and frequency of drinking (a) reported by the participant him/herself, (b) according to the participant's perception of the descriptive norm for drinking quantity and frequency for the reference group, and (c) reflecting the actual descriptive norm for the reference group.; Behavioral: Web-BASICS; Web-BASICS is delivered online and responds to individual participant input with the same motivational information and feedback as used in the in-person BASICS intervention. In-person BASICS content (Dimeff et. al., 1999) was developed for online use in studies conducted by Drs. Larimer and Lee (e.g., LaBrie et al., 2013; Lee et al., 2014; Neighbors et al., 2012a). Web-BASICS feedback contains text and graphical feedback regarding students' reported drinking quantity, frequency, peak alcohol consumption, and blood alcohol content (BAC), risks for alcohol problems based on participant family history and consumption patterns, protective behaviors the participant already uses and others he/she might consider, and a tips page with a BAC chart, information on reduced-risk drinking, and where to get more information. Participants can print and/or view their individualized content online for up to 3 months.; Other Name: Brief Alcohol Screening Intervention for College Students; Behavioral: Health Promotion Consultation; A health promotion consultation via a campus clinic is a confidential exploration of student drug and alcohol use. Health Promotion Consultants help students assess how their alcohol and other substance use affects their life and learn how to make healthier decisions.; Behavioral: Self-Monitoring (SM); Students will be asked to self-report their alcohol use every 2 weeks in response to two main questions (frequency of 4/5+ drinking in the past 2 weeks, frequency of past 2-week 8/10+ drinking), as well as consequences of their drinking. The therapeutic role of SM is two-fold. First, SM facilitates deliberate attention to and reflection on the person's actions, the conditions under which these actions occur, and their consequences (Bandura, 1998; Kanfer, 1970). Hence, SM of drinking behaviors and consequences has the potential to promote awareness of problematic drinking and need for health services. Second, SM affords the opportunity to obtain ongoing information concerning the target behavior, which can be used to inform timely intervention decisions (Nahum-Shani et al., 2016)
Experimental: Later-college Coach; Students from the later-college universal arm, who flag on one of the self monitoring surveys are invited to correspond with an online health coach who will use motivational interviewing strategies to encourage engagement in a web-based resource or in-person consultation to improve well-being, with a particular emphasis on alcohol use.	Behavioral: Personalized Normative Feedback (PNF); Personalized normative feedback is generated by a process in which: (1) baseline surveys gather respondent information; (2) a computer program links the data with algorithms to select feedback messages; (3) a format for feedback presentation is specified; and (4) the program generates output. Norms will focus on prevalence of drinking, consuming 4/5+ drinks, total number of drinks consumed each week, and maximum drinks consumed. Normative information will be from the national Monitoring the Future (MTF) study college student sample and the University of Minnesota Twin Cities campus. Students will be sent a link to a website where they see their own personal responses in the feedback. Feedback will detail quantity and frequency of drinking (a) reported by the participant him/herself, (b) according to the participant's perception of the descriptive norm for drinking quantity and frequency for the reference group, and (c) reflecting the actual descriptive norm for the reference group.; Behavioral: M-Bridge Online Health Coach; A health coach will correspond with students via a secure online chat platform, utilizing motivational interviewing strategies to encourage students to consider their values and goals, the possibility of behavior change, and available services. The goal of the dialogue is to motivate the student to access alcohol use interventions (Web-BASICS or an in-person health promotion consultation).; Other Name: Electronic Bridge to Mental Health Services (eBridge); Behavioral: Web-BASICS; Web-BASICS is delivered online and responds to individual participant input with the same motivational information and feedback as used in the in-person BASICS intervention. In-person BASICS content (Dimeff et. al., 1999) was developed for online use in studies conducted by Drs. Larimer and Lee (e.g., LaBrie et al., 2013; Lee et al., 2014; Neighbors et al., 2012a). Web-BASICS feedback contains text and graphical feedback regarding students' reported drinking quantity, frequency, peak alcohol consumption, and blood alcohol content (BAC), risks for alcohol problems based on participant family history and consumption patterns, protective behaviors the participant already uses and others he/she might consider, and a tips page with a BAC chart, information on reduced-risk drinking, and where to get more information. Participants can print and/or view their individualized content online for up to 3 months.; Other Name: Brief Alcohol Screening Intervention for College Students; Behavioral: Health Promotion Consultation; A health promotion consultation via a campus clinic is a confidential exploration of student drug and alcohol use. Health Promotion Consultants help students assess how their alcohol and other substance use affects their life and learn how to make healthier decisions.; Behavioral: Self-Monitoring (SM); Students will be asked to self-report their alcohol use every 2 weeks in response to two main questions (frequency of 4/5+ drinking in the past 2 weeks, frequency of past 2-week 8/10+ drinking), as well as consequences of their drinking. The therapeutic role of SM is two-fold. First, SM facilitates deliberate attention to and reflection on the person's actions, the conditions under which these actions occur, and their consequences (Bandura, 1998; Kanfer, 1970). Hence, SM of drinking behaviors and consequences has the potential to promote awareness of problematic drinking and need for health services. Second, SM affords the opportunity to obtain ongoing information concerning the target behavior, which can be used to inform timely intervention decisions (Nahum-Shani et al., 2016)

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures :

1. Binge Drinking [ Time Frame: 3 months ]
   Respondents are asked about the frequency of consuming 4/5+ drinks within a two-hour period in the past 30 days. Questions are based on NIAAA recommended alcohol questions (https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/research/guidelines-and-resources/recommended-alcohol-questions) and Monitoring the Future survey items (http://www.monitoringthefuture.org/).

Secondary Outcome Measures :

1. Brief Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire (B-YAACQ) [ Time Frame: 3 months ]
   Respondents are asked 24 items derived from the 48-item Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire. The Brief Young Adult Consequences Questionnaire (B-YAACQ; Read et al., 2006) has items that tap the full range of the alcohol problems continuum from signs of excessive drinking to symptoms consistent with alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence.
2. Utilization of Health Services Survey [ Time Frame: 3 months ]
   Respondents are asked about their utilization of various health services (e.g. healthcare clinics, therapy, support groups, self-help resources, etc.) in the last 3 months, including when they started, if they are currently utilizing the service/resource, and how helpful it has been.
3. Maximum Number of Drinks [ Time Frame: 3 months ]
   Respondents are asked about the maximum number of drinks consumed within a 24-hour period in the past 30 days. Question is based on NIAAA recommended alcohol questions (https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/research/guidelines-and-resources/recommended-alcohol-questions).

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 Years to 21 Years (Adult)
• Sexes Eligible for Study: All
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

• Incoming college students aged 18-21 at the University of Minnesota will be eligible and randomly selected for participation.

Exclusion Criteria:

• None

Contacts and Locations

Locations

United States, Minnesota

University of Minnesota

Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, 55415

Sponsors and Collaborators

University of Minnesota

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)

University of Michigan

University of Washington

Investigators

• Principal Investigator: Megan Patrick, PhD; University of Michigan

More Information

Additional Information:

Bandura, A. (1998). Health promotion from the perspective of social cognitive theory. 

Publications of Results:

Patrick ME, Lyden GR, Morrell N, Mehus CJ, Gunlicks-Stoessel M, Lee CM, King CA, Bonar EE, Nahum-Shani I, Almirall D, Larimer ME, Vock DM. Main outcomes of M-bridge: A sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART) for developing an adaptive preventive intervention for college drinking. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2021 Jul;89(7):601-614. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000663.

Other Publications:

Nahum-Shani I, Smith SN, Spring BJ, Collins LM, Witkiewitz K, Tewari A, Murphy SA. Just-in-Time Adaptive Interventions (JITAIs) in Mobile Health: Key Components and Design Principles for Ongoing Health Behavior Support. Ann Behav Med. 2018 May 18;52(6):446-462. doi: 10.1007/s12160-016-9830-8.

Labrie JW, Lewis MA, Atkins DC, Neighbors C, Zheng C, Kenney SR, Napper LE, Walter T, Kilmer JR, Hummer JF, Grossbard J, Ghaidarov TM, Desai S, Lee CM, Larimer ME. RCT of web-based personalized normative feedback for college drinking prevention: are typical student norms good enough? J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013 Dec;81(6):1074-86. doi: 10.1037/a0034087. Epub 2013 Aug 12.

Lee CM, Neighbors C, Lewis MA, Kaysen D, Mittmann A, Geisner IM, Atkins DC, Zheng C, Garberson LA, Kilmer JR, Larimer ME. Randomized controlled trial of a Spring Break intervention to reduce high-risk drinking. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2014 Apr;82(2):189-201. doi: 10.1037/a0035743. Epub 2014 Feb 3.

Patrick ME, Boatman JA, Morrell N, Wagner AC, Lyden GR, Nahum-Shani I, King CA, Bonar EE, Lee CM, Larimer ME, Vock DM, Almirall D. A sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART) protocol for empirically developing an adaptive preventive intervention for college student drinking reduction. Contemp Clin Trials. 2020 Sep;96:106089. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2020.106089. Epub 2020 Jul 25.

Bonar EE, Parks MJ, Gunlicks-Stoessel M, Lyden GR, Mehus CJ, Morrell N, Patrick ME. Binge drinking before and after a COVID-19 campus closure among first-year college students. Addict Behav. 2021 Jul;118:106879. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106879. Epub 2021 Feb 23.

Mehus CJ, Lyden GR, Bonar EE, Gunlicks-Stoessel M, Morrell N, Parks MJ, Wagner AC, Patrick ME. Association between COVID-19-related loneliness or worry and symptoms of anxiety and depression among first-year college students. J Am Coll Health. 2021 Jul 9:1-6. doi: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1942009. Online ahead of print.

Lyden GR, Vock DM, Sur A, Morrell N, Lee CM, Patrick ME. Deeply Tailored Adaptive Interventions to Reduce College Student Drinking: a Real-World Application of Q-Learning for SMART Studies. Prev Sci. 2022 Aug;23(6):1053-1064. doi: 10.1007/s11121-022-01371-7. Epub 2022 May 11.

Carpenter SM, Yap J, Patrick ME, Morrell N, Dziak JJ, Almirall D, Yoon C, Nahum-Shani I. Self-relevant appeals to engage in self-monitoring of alcohol use: A microrandomized trial. Psychol Addict Behav. 2022 Jul 14. doi: 10.1037/adb0000855. Online ahead of print.

• Responsible Party: University of Minnesota
• ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03930524
• Other Study ID Numbers: STUDY00006421; R01AA026574 ( U.S. NIH Grant/Contract )
• First Posted: April 29, 2019
• Last Update Posted: August 9, 2022
• Last Verified: August 2022

Individual Participant Data (IPD) Sharing Statement:

• Plan to Share IPD: No

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product: No

Additional relevant MeSH terms:

Alcohol Drinking in College; Alcohol Drinking; Drinking Behavior