Effects of Ketogenic Diet on Triathlon's Performance
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| ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03691558 |
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Recruitment Status :
Completed
First Posted : October 1, 2018
Last Update Posted : October 2, 2018
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Sponsor:
University of Padova
Collaborators:
Universidade Federal de Goias
University of Palermo
Information provided by (Responsible Party):
Antonio Paoli, University of Padova
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Brief Summary:
The study aimed to verify the effects of 5 weeks of ketogenic diet (KD) on some performance index in long distance triathletes
| Condition or disease | Intervention/treatment | Phase |
|---|---|---|
| Ketogenic Dieting Physical Activity | Other: Ketogenic diet Other: Western Diet | Not Applicable |
16 well trained male long distance Triathletes participates in the study (30.65 ± 10.77 years of age), with minimum one year of triathlon competition experience and 8-10 hours of training per week. All subjects had a personal interview made by a registered Medical Doctor about the diet intervention prior to the beginning of the study. Moreover participants were educated about the benefits and limitations of the two different dietary treatments and asked to nominate their preference for, or non-acceptance of, each of these interventions. Thus participants also decided liberally if participate for the diet intervention or not. This choice was decided to prevent any type of dropout in the KD group, considering that a free and conscious choices is better for the adherence on a strict diet like ketogenic diet . Investigators were thus able to allocate the athletes to their preferred treatment, while achieving suitable matching of groups based on age, body mass and aerobic power. All the participants were healthy and injured free, and not consuming a low carbs diet prior to the study. The diet macronutrient percentage distribution was the following: for ND the percentages were 25% of TDC (total daily calories), fat were 20% of TDC and carbohydrates represented the 55% of TDC; for KD the percentages were 68% fat, 26% protein and 6% carbohydrate. In the KD very low carbohydrate foods that simulate carbohydrates taste food like croissants, bread and cracked slices made by Le Gamberi Foods (Forlì, Italy), were used for a better compliance to the dietary intervention. Subjects undertaken an anthropometric test and two different cardiopulmonary tests with a professional cycloergometer (MARCA). The anthropometric measures were taken to evaluated body weight. height and body composition . After the body composition analysis subjects underwent to a maximal cardiopulmonary test (GXT) to evaluate the maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max). The following day subjects performed 60 minutes at 45% of PPO to assess endurance performance at ironman biking race-pace. The day after test session KD group started the KD 5 weeks. The Control Group (S) followed his habitual normo-caloric, balanced diet. The same order and procedures were conducted for testing the subjects post diet intervention. Anthropometric and performance test was conducted in the same order for each subjects and at the same time of the day. Blood ketones were measured each other day to ensure the compliance to KD
| Study Type : | Interventional (Clinical Trial) |
| Actual Enrollment : | 16 participants |
| Allocation: | Non-Randomized |
| Intervention Model: | Parallel Assignment |
| Intervention Model Description: | It is single blind, parallel arms study |
| Masking: | Single (Outcomes Assessor) |
| Masking Description: | Treatment and control were masked with A and B |
| Primary Purpose: | Other |
| Official Title: | Effects of Five Weeks of Ketogenic Diet on Long Distance Triathletes Performance |
| Actual Study Start Date : | February 1, 2017 |
| Actual Primary Completion Date : | April 25, 2017 |
| Actual Study Completion Date : | July 12, 2017 |
| Arm | Intervention/treatment |
|---|---|
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Experimental: Ketogenic diet
Subjects followed 5 weeks of ketogenic diet
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Other: Ketogenic diet
total daily caloric intake was divided into 5 meals. Individual daily caloric need is calculated referring to body composition and adjusted for daily activity (Frankenfield, Roth-Yousey, & Compher, 2005; Wang et al., 2000). Macronutrients percentage is 68% fat, 26% protein and 6% carbohydrate Paoli et al. 2013). Very low carbohydrate foods that simulate carbohydrates taste food like croissants, bread and cracked slices made by Le Gamberi Foods (Forlì, Italy), are used for a better compliance to the dietary intervention |
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Active Comparator: Western Diet
Subjects followed 5 weeks of a western diet
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Other: Western Diet
total daily caloric intake was divided into 5 meals. Individual daily caloric need is calculated referring to body composition and adjusted for daily activity (Frankenfield, Roth-Yousey, & Compher, 2005; Wang et al., 2000). The diet macronutrient percentage distribution is the following: protein is 25% of TDC (total daily calories), fat is 20% of TDC and carbohydrates represented the 55% of TDC |
Primary Outcome Measures :
- VO2 at 45% of peak power output [ Time Frame: after 5 weeks ]We measured the mean VO2 during one hour at the 45% of peak power output (PPO) measured during the first test
Secondary Outcome Measures :
- VO2 per Kg/bw [ Time Frame: after 5 weeks ]VO2 measured as ml O2 per kilograms of body weight
- VO2max [ Time Frame: after 5 weeks ]Maximal oxygen consumption measured through a incremental bike test
- Body composition LBM [ Time Frame: after 5 weeks ]Lean body mass (Kg) measured by Body Impedence Analysis
- Body composition FM [ Time Frame: after 5 weeks ]Fat mass (Kg) measured by Body Impedence Analysis
- Body Weight [ Time Frame: after 5 weeks ]in Kg
Information from the National Library of Medicine
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| Ages Eligible for Study: | 20 Years to 40 Years (Adult) |
| Sexes Eligible for Study: | Male |
| Accepts Healthy Volunteers: | Yes |
Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
- long distance Triathletes (8-10 hours of training per week), competing in half Ironman or Ironman
- no previous experience of low carbohydrate diet
- more than 3 years of training
Exclusion Criteria:
- recent (less than 6 months) musculoskeletal injuries
- more than 2 months without training in the last 2 years
Information from the National Library of Medicine
To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT03691558
Locations
| Italy | |
| Nutrition and Exercise Lab, DSB, University of Padova | |
| Padova, Italy, 35131 | |
Sponsors and Collaborators
University of Padova
Universidade Federal de Goias
University of Palermo
Investigators
| Principal Investigator: | Antonio Paoli, MD | DSB University of Padova |
Publications:
| Responsible Party: | Antonio Paoli, Associate Professor, University of Padova |
| ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | NCT03691558 |
| Other Study ID Numbers: |
KDTRI17 |
| First Posted: | October 1, 2018 Key Record Dates |
| Last Update Posted: | October 2, 2018 |
| Last Verified: | September 2018 |
| Individual Participant Data (IPD) Sharing Statement: | |
| Plan to Share IPD: | No |
| Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product: | No |
| Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product: | No |
Keywords provided by Antonio Paoli, University of Padova:
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ketogenic diet triathlon VO2max PPO |