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Cortical rTMS as a Tool to Change Brain Reactivity to Alcohol Cues (ARC4)

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ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02939313
Recruitment Status : Recruiting
First Posted : October 20, 2016
Last Update Posted : October 28, 2016
Sponsor:
Collaborator:
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)
Information provided by (Responsible Party):
Colleen Hanlon, Medical University of South Carolina

Study Description
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Brief Summary:
The goal of this investigation is to determine if, in heavy alcohol users, a single session of transcranial magnetic brain stimulation (TMS) over a brain region involved in craving (medial prefrontal cortex) and a brain region involved in cogntive control (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) can lower an individual's craving and brain response to alcohol cues. This study involves a screening visit, followed by three visits which involve brain imaging (using functional MRI) and brain stimulation (using TMS). There is also an additional Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) exploratory Aim in which we will measure the concentration of glutamate in the prefrontal cortex before and after a session of TMS.

Condition or disease Intervention/treatment Phase
Alcohol Dependance Device: medial prefrontal cortex Device: dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Device: sham Not Applicable

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Detailed Description:

Alcohol Use Disorders (AUDs) are prevalent, devastating, and difficult to treat. High relapse rates are likely due to factors that affect limbic and executive circuits in the brain, including vulnerability to salient cues and loss of cognitive control. Limbic drive and executive control are regulated by two cortical-subcortical neural circuits -the limbic loop that includes projections from the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) to the ventral striatum, and the executive control loop that includes projections from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) to the dorsal striatum. Optogenetic manipulation in animals has demonstrated a causal relationship between activity in these frontal-striatal circuits and drinking behavior. Consequently, an innovative and potentially fruitful new strategy in the treatment of AUDs in humans would be to selectively attenuate limbic circuitry (to reduce reward salience), and/or amplify executive circuitry, through targeted brain stimulation. Previous studies have demonstrated that a single session of 10 Hz transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the dlPFC can lead to a decrease in craving for alcohol, nicotine, and cocaine. Our laboratory has demonstrated that a single session of continuous theta burst (cTBS) TMS over the mPFC can also decrease craving, as well as the brain response to drug cues in cocaine users (Hanlon et al, in review) and alcohol users (see Significance). The overarching goal of this proposal is to determine which of these two TMS strategies - amplifying dlPFC activity or inhibiting mPFC activity - is more efficacious in decreasing alcohol craving and the brain response to cues. This will provide an evidence-based foundation for cortical target selection in future TMS clinical trials - an innovative treatment strategy for AUD patients.

As a recent FDA-approved treatment for depression, there is a growing interest in investigating TMS as a treatment for drug and alcohol use disorders. By changing the frequency and pattern of stimulation, it is possible to induce a long-term potentiation (LTP) or long-term depression (LTD) of activity in the cortical area stimulated as well in its monosynaptic targets. To date, nearly all published reports of brain stimulation as a tool for decreasing craving have focused on applying LTP-like stimulation (typically 10 Hz) to the dlPFC, thereby strengthening executive control circuitry. An alternative approach is to apply LTD-like TMS (such as cTBS) to the mPFC, thereby weakening limbic drive circuitry (which is engaged during craving). A sham TMS-controlled crossover study of 12 heavy alcohol users in our lab indicated that a single dose of mPFC cTBS decreases self-reported craving and the BOLD response to alcohol cues in the mPFC and striatum (limbic regions involved in craving). Using MR spectroscopy, we further demonstrated that cTBS-reduced the glutamine concentration in the mPFC, which may be related to the decrease in BOLD signal and functional connectivity with this region. Before moving forward with large and expensive multisite clinical trials, it is important to determine which cortical target (mPFC vs dlPFC) is likely to have a greater effect on the brain response to alcohol cues (Aim 1), and which will have a greater effect on self-reported craving (Aim 2) -a major factor contributing to relapse and sustained heavy drinking among individuals with AUDs. In this three-visit crossover design, a cohort of non-treatment seeking AUD individuals will receive sham, mPFC, or dlPFC TMS at each visit followed by alcohol-cue induced BOLD imaging and MR Spectroscopy. We will determine whether LTD-like mPFC TMS is more effective than LTP-like dlPFC TMS in:

Aim 1: Reducing alcohol cue-elicited brain activity in limbic circuitry. Participants will be exposed to our well-established fMRI alcohol cue paradigm. We will measure the percent BOLD signal change within a network of limbic regions typically activated by alcohol cues (e.g. mPFC, ACC, striatum) (Schacht et al., 2014), as well as functional connectivity between these regions (using psychophysiologic interactions). We will test the hypotheses that 1) both LTD-like stimulation to the mPFC (via cTBS) and LTP-like stimulation to the dlPFC (via 10Hz TMS) will significantly decrease alcohol cue-induced activation of limbic circuitry compared to sham stimulation and 2) this attenuating effect will be more robust when stimulation is targeted at the mPFC directly with cTBS stimulation (rather than indirectly via 10 Hz dlPFC stimulation).

Aim 2: Reducing self-reported alcohol craving. Using intermittent self-reported assessments of the desire to drink alcohol throughout the experimental sessions (before, during, and at several time points after the TMS treatment), we will test the hypothesis that LTD-like stimulation to the mPFC (via cTBS) will decrease self-reported alcohol craving more than will LTP-like stimulation to the dlPFC (via 10Hz TMS).

Finally, to develop a comprehensive and evidence-based foundation for future clinical trials, we will also explore the effects of these innovative brain stimulation treatment strategies on neurochemistry:

Exploratory Aim 3: Regional neurochemistry. Through MR Spectroscopy, we will test the hypothesis that the effects of TMS on the outcomes of Aim 1 & 2 are mediated by changes in mPFC excitatory/inhibitory neurochemical balance (i.e., changes in glutamate, glutamine, GABA concentrations).


Study Design
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Study Type : Interventional  (Clinical Trial)
Estimated Enrollment : 66 participants
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Double (Participant, Investigator)
Primary Purpose: Treatment
Official Title: Charleston ARC Clinical Project 4 Cortical rTMS as a Tool to Change Craving and Brain Reactivity to Alcohol Cues
Study Start Date : January 2016
Estimated Primary Completion Date : October 2021
Estimated Study Completion Date : October 2021
Arms and Interventions
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Arm Intervention/treatment
Experimental: medial prefrontal
Individuals will receive medial prefrontal cortex stimulation
 Device: medial prefrontal cortex
a form of theta burst stimulation that noninvasively induces a depression in brain reactivity
Other Name: medial prefrontal
Experimental: dorsolateral prefrontal
Individuals will receive dorsolateral prefrontal cortex stimulation
 Device: dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
a form of transcranial magnetic stimulation that noninvasively induces an increase in brain reactivity
Other Name: dorsolateral prefrontal
Sham Comparator: sham
Individuals will receive sham stimulation to the medial prefrontal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
 Device: sham
sham stimulation


Outcome Measures
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Primary Outcome Measures :
  1. Percent signal change in the MPFC [ Time Frame: immediately after the treatment ]
  2. Percent signal change in the DLPFC [ Time Frame: immediately after the treatment ]
  3. Change in craving score [ Time Frame: immediately after the treatment ]

Secondary Outcome Measures :
  1. Change in glutmate concentration [ Time Frame: immediately after the treatment ]
  2. Change in GABA concentration [ Time Frame: immediately after the treatment ]

Eligibility Criteria
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Information from the National Library of Medicine

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Ages Eligible for Study:   21 Years to 40 Years   (Adult)
Sexes Eligible for Study:   All
Accepts Healthy Volunteers:   Yes
Criteria
Inclusion Criteria: Age 21-40; Current alcohol use greater than 20 standard drinks per week; Current DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder diagnosis, including the loss of control item; Currently not engaged in, and do not want treatment for, alcohol related problems; Able to read and understand questionnaires and informed consent; Lives within 50 miles of the study site. Exclusion Criteria: [These are listed in greater detail in the CIA Core] Any current DSM-5 Axis I diagnosis except Alcohol or Nicotine Use Disorder; Current use of any psychoactive substance except nicotine and marijuana or medication as evidenced by self-report or urine drug screen; History of head trauma or epilepsy; Current suicidal or homicidal ideation; Presence of ferrous metal in the body, as evidenced by metal screening and self-report; Severe claustrophobia or extreme obesity that preclude placement in the MRI scanner. For female participants, pregnancy, as evidenced by a urine pregnancy test administered on the day of the scanning session.
Contacts and Locations
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Information from the National Library of Medicine

To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.

Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT02939313


Contacts
Contact: Colleen A Hanlon, Ph.D. (843) 792-5732 hanlon@musc.edu
Contact: Millie H Griffin, B.A. 843 792 2335 grifm@musc.edu

Locations
United States, South Carolina
Medical University of South Carolina Recruiting
Charleston, South Carolina, United States, 29425
Contact: Colleen A Hanlon, Ph.D.    843-792-5732    hanlon@musc.edu   
Sponsors and Collaborators
Medical University of South Carolina
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)
Investigators
Principal Investigator: Colleen A Hanlon, Ph.D. Medical University of South Carolina
Principal Investigator: James Prisciandaro, Ph.D. Medical University of South Carolina
More Information
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Publications:

Responsible Party: Colleen Hanlon, Colleen A. Hanlon, Ph.D., Medical University of South Carolina
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02939313     History of Changes
Other Study ID Numbers: 00030506
P50AA010761 ( U.S. NIH Grant/Contract )
First Posted: October 20, 2016    Key Record Dates
Last Update Posted: October 28, 2016
Last Verified: August 2016
Individual Participant Data (IPD) Sharing Statement:
Plan to Share IPD: Yes
Plan Description: Data will be shared with the National Institute of Health Neuroimaging Biorepository at the completion of the study

Keywords provided by Colleen Hanlon, Medical University of South Carolina:
alcohol
addiction
cTBS

Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Alcoholism
Alcohol-Related Disorders
Substance-Related Disorders
Chemically-Induced Disorders
Mental Disorders
 Ethanol
Anti-Infective Agents, Local
Anti-Infective Agents
Central Nervous System Depressants
Physiological Effects of Drugs