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A Study of Eltrombopag or Placebo in Combination With Azacitidine in Subjects With International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) Intermediate-1, Intermediate-2 or High-risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

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ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02158936
Recruitment Status : Terminated
First Posted : June 9, 2014
Results First Posted : December 12, 2017
Last Update Posted : December 12, 2017
Sponsor:
Information provided by (Responsible Party):
Novartis ( Novartis Pharmaceuticals )

Study Description
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Brief Summary:
Eltrombopag olamine (SB-497115-GR) is an orally bioavailable, small molecule thrombopoietin receptor agonist that may be beneficial in medical disorders associated with thrombocytopenia. Eltrombopag has been shown to increase platelet counts in patients with thrombocytopenia from various etiologies (Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura [ITP], liver disease, aplastic anemia and chemotherapy induced thrombocytopenia). Approximately 350 subjects will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio (175 into the eltrombopag arm and 175 into the placebo arm). Approximately 55 subjects will be enrolled into the azacitidine. Subjects with intermediate-1, intermediate-2 or high risk MDS by IPSS, and baseline platelet count of <75 Giga (10^9) per liter (Gi/L) will only be enrolled. This is a randomized, double-blind, parallel group, placebo-controlled study designed to explore the platelet supportive care effects of eltrombopag versus placebo in combination with the standard of care hypomethylating agent, azacitidine. The primary objective of this study is to determine the effect of eltrombopag versus placebo on the proportion of subjects who are platelet transfusion free during the first 4 cycles of azacitidine therapy. Key secondary endpoints include overall survival, disease response, and disease progression.

Condition or disease Intervention/treatment Phase
Thrombocytopaenia Drug: Eltrombopag Drug: Azacitidine Drug: Placebo Phase 3

Study Design
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Study Type : Interventional  (Clinical Trial)
Actual Enrollment : 356 participants
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double (Participant, Investigator)
Primary Purpose: Treatment
Official Title: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Phase III, Multi-centre Study of Eltrombopag or Placebo in Combination With Azacitidine in Subjects With IPSS Intermediate-1, Intermediate 2 and High-risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) SUPPORT: A StUdy of eltromboPag in myelodysPlastic SyndrOmes Receiving azaciTidine
Actual Study Start Date : June 10, 2014
Actual Primary Completion Date : April 30, 2016
Actual Study Completion Date : April 30, 2016

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Arms and Interventions
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Arm Intervention/treatment
Experimental: Eltrombopag
Eligible subject will receive a starting dose of eltrombopag of 200 milligrams (mg) (100 mg for subjects of East Asian heritage). Dose modifications of eltrombopag will be permitted by 100 mg increments (50 mg increments for East Asians) to a lowest dose of 100 mg (50 mg for East Asian heritage) or a maximum dose of 300 mg (150 mg for East Asian heritage) in order to maintain platelet counts at a safe and effective level (i.e. a level sufficient to avoid platelet transfusions and bleeding events). Subjects will receive azacitidine 75 mg/meter^2 subcutaneously once daily for 7 days (+/- 3 day treatment window permitted) every 28 days, for at least 6 cycles if tolerated and until they are no longer receiving benefit (defined as at least stable disease per the investigator's assessment) or until disease progression, death, or unacceptable toxicity/adverse event. The subject may receive eltrombopag daily for the full 28 days each cycle for as long as the subject is receiving azacitidine
 Drug: Eltrombopag
Eltrombopag will be round film-coated tablets containing eltrombopag equivalent to 50 mg (white to off-white), 200 mg and 300 mg (green) of eltrombopag free acid

Drug: Azacitidine
Subcutaneous Injection (IV if local standard)
Placebo Comparator: Placebo
Eligible subject will receive eltrombopag matching placebo. Subjects will receive azacitidine 75 mg/meter^2 subcutaneously once daily for 7 days (+/- 3 day treatment window permitted) every 28 days, for at least 6 cycles if tolerated and until they are no longer receiving benefit (defined as at least stable disease per the investigator's assessment) or until disease progression, death, or unacceptable toxicity/adverse event. The subject may receive eltrombopag daily for the full 28 days each cycle for as long as the subject is receiving azacitidine
 Drug: Azacitidine
Subcutaneous Injection (IV if local standard)

Drug: Placebo
Eltrombopag matching placebo tablets

Drug: Placebo
Eltrombopag matching placebo tablets will be supplied


Outcome Measures
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Primary Outcome Measures :
  1. Number of Participants Who Were Platelet Transfusion Independent During Cycles 1-4 of Azacitidine Therapy [ Time Frame: 4 cycles (Cycle = 28 days) ]
    A subject is defined as being platelet transfusion independent if they received no platelet transfusions within the first 4 cycles of treatment with azacitidine. Subjects who died or withdrew from investigational product within the first four cycles were treated as failures (i.e. not transfusion independent) in the analysis


Secondary Outcome Measures :
  1. Overall Survival (OS) [ Time Frame: Randomization until death or end of study, approximately 2 years ]
    Overall survival is defined as the time from randomization until death due to any cause and deaths have been presented. Subjects still alive at the time of the analysis and subjects who have withdrawn from the study will be censored at the time of last contact

  2. Summary of Progression Free Survival From Investigator Assessment (ITT) [ Time Frame: First day of each cycle (Cycles 3+), at the end of therapy visit and every 3 months in follow-up for approximately 2 years ]
    Progression-free survival, defined as the time from randomization until either disease progression or death. The modified 2006 IWG criteria for MDS used for progression assessment For patients with: Less than 5% BM blasts: ≥ 50% increase in blasts to > 5% blasts; 5% - <10% BM blasts: ≥ 50% increase to > 10% blasts; 10% - <20% BM blasts: ≥ 50% increase to > 20% blasts; 20% - 30% BM blasts: ≥ 50% increase to > 30% blasts

  3. Summary of Progression Free Survival From Central Review (ITT) [ Time Frame: First day of each cycle (Cycles 3+), at the end of therapy visit and every 3 months in follow-up for approximately 2 years ]

    Progression-free survival, defined as the time from randomization until either disease progression or death. The modified 2006 IWG criteria for MDS used for progression assessment For patients with:

    Less than 5% BM blasts: ≥ 50% increase in blasts to > 5% blasts; 5% - <10% BM blasts: ≥ 50% increase to > 10% blasts; 10% - <20% BM blasts: ≥ 50% increase to > 20% blasts; 20% - 30% BM blasts: ≥ 50% increase to > 30% blasts


  4. Summary of AML Progression From Investigator Assessment and Central Review (ITT) [ Time Frame: First day of each cycle (Cycles 3+), at the end of therapy visit and every 3 months in follow-up for approximately 2 years ]

    Progression to AML in MDS patients with baseline bone marrow blast < 20% was defined as meeting definition of disease progression according to the modified 2006 IWG response criteria for MDS with the additional requirement that bone marrow blast or peripheral blast increases from < 20% at baseline to ≥ 20% postbaseline. Progression assessment For patients with:

    Less than 5% BM blasts: ≥ 50% increase in blasts to > 5% blasts; 5% - <10% BM blasts: ≥ 50% increase to > 10% blasts; 10% - <20% BM blasts: ≥ 50% increase to > 20% blasts; 20% - 30% BM blasts: ≥ 50% increase to > 30% blasts


  5. Best Disease Response From Investigator Assessment (ITT) [ Time Frame: At end of Cycle 6 (cycle=28 days) or end of therapy, whichever came first ]
    Best disease response is categorized as complete remission (CR), partial remission (PR), or marrow CR, stable disease, disease progression, or as non-evaluable; according to modified 2006 International Working Group (IWG) criteria for MDS

  6. Best Disease Response From Central Review (ITT) [ Time Frame: At end of Cycle 6 (cycle=28 days) or end of therapy, whichever came first ]
    Best disease response is categorized as complete remission (CR), partial remission (PR), or marrow CR, stable disease, disease progression, or as non-evaluable; according to modified 2006 International Working Group (IWG) criteria for MDS

  7. Hematologic Improvement (HI) in Platelets, Neutrophils, and Hemoglobin Based on the Modified IWG Criteria for MDS (ITT) [ Time Frame: From Day 1 to 4-week follow-up (samples collected weekly in Cycle 1, Days 1 and 15 in Cycles 2-6 and Day 1 of Cycles >=7) ]
    HI based on the modified IWG criteria for MDS. HI - Platelets (BL <100Gi/L), response criteria= BL <20: increase to>20 and 100% at least for 56 days or BL >=20: absolute increase of >=30. HI - Neutrophils (BL <1.0 Gi/L), response criteria=100% increase and an absolute increase >0.5 Gi/L over BL for at least 56 days. HI-Hemoglobin (BL <g/dL), response criteria=Hgb increase by >=1.5 g/dL over BL, RBC transfusions(given for Hgb<=9.0) reduced by >=4 per 8w from BL

  8. Number of Participants Who Were Platelet Transfusion Independent (ITT Set) [ Time Frame: From Day 1 to end of study treatment up to approximately 2 years ]
    Platelet transfusion independence is defined for each cycle as the number of participants who continue to the end of a cycle without requiring a platelet transfusion

  9. Bleeding Adverse Events (AEs) >= Grade 3 [ Time Frame: From Day 1 to 4-week follow-up up to approximately 2 years ]
    Bleeding will be assessed by recording AEs or serious adverse events (SAEs) as graded according to National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v4.0

  10. Number of of Subjects With Azacitidine Dose Delays, Dose Reductions, Interruptions [ Time Frame: From Day 1 to 4-week follow-up up to approximately 2 years ]
    The proportion of subjects with any delay, reduction or interruption in dosage of Azacitidine excluding those for non-medical reasons will be analyzed

  11. Response Levels in All Domains of Euroquol-5 Dimensions of Health, 3 Response Levels (EQ-5D-3L™) [ Time Frame: From Day 1 to 4-week follow-up up to approximately 2 years ]
    The EQ-5D is a general health status and health utility measure which captures 5 dimensions of health state: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. (EQ-5D is a trademark of the Stichting EuroQol Group) . C=cycle, D=Day

  12. Functional Assessment of Chronic Disease Therapy-fatigue Subscale (FACIT-Fatigue) (ITT) [ Time Frame: From Day 1 to 4-week follow-up (Approximate median 9 Cycles+4 weeks follow-up) up to approximately 2 years ]
    The FACIT-Fatigue subscale measures severity and impact of fatigue on functioning and Health Related QoL experienced in the past 7 days. Scale is a 13 item measure of fatigure. Items are scored on a 0-4 response scale ranging from "not at all" to "very much so". All items are summed to create a single fatigure score with a range from 0 to 52. Items are reverse scored when appropriate to provide a scale in which higher scores represent better functioning or less fatiigue (The FACIT Fatigue Scale is owned by David Cella, Ph.D.)

  13. Medical Resource Utilization (MRU): Event -Hospitalizations Inpatient and Outpatient [ Time Frame: From Day 1 to 4-week follow-up (Approximate median 9 Cycles+4 weeks follow-up) up to approximately 2 years ]
    MRU data will be collected for each subject. Events corresponding to unscheduled (not scheduled per protocol) hospitalizations

  14. Medical Resource Utilization (MRU): Event and Use of Site Specific Medical Resources - Non-study Laboratory Tests [ Time Frame: From Day 1 to 4-week follow-up (Approximate median 9 Cycles+4 weeks follow-up) up to approximately 2 years ]
    MRU data will be collected for each subject. Events corresponding to unscheduled (not scheduled per protocol) hospitalizations, office visits including consultations, laboratory and diagnostic tests (lab results, imaging etc.), and procedures prior to therapy initiation and during therapy will be collected

  15. Medical Resource Utilization (MRU): Use of Site Specific Medical Resources [ Time Frame: From Day 1 to 4-week follow-up (Approximate median 9 Cycles+4 weeks follow-up) up to approximately 2 years ]
    MRU data will be collected for each subject. Events corresponding to unscheduled (not scheduled per protocol) hospitalizations, office visits including consultations, laboratory and diagnostic tests (lab results, imaging etc.), and procedures prior to therapy initiation and during therapy will be collected

  16. Summary of Post-Hoc Estimates of Steady-state Eltrombopag Cmax and Cmin Pharmacokinetic Parameters for a 50 mg Dose [ Time Frame: Cycle 1, Week 2: Pre-dose, 1.5 and 3 hour post dose; Cycle 1, Week 3: 4, 5.5, and 7 hours post dose ]
    Eltrombopag concentrations were analyzed using a population PK model along with data from other studies in healthy volunteers and in patients with MDS and/or AML. Post-hoc PK parameters were derived. Only patients from this study were included (163)

  17. Summary of Post-Hoc Estimates of Steady-state Eltrombopag AUC0 Infinity Pharmacokinetic Parameters for a 50 mg Dose [ Time Frame: Cycle 1, Week 2: Pre-dose, 1.5 and 3 hour post dose; Cycle 1, Week 3: 4, 5.5, and 7 hours post dose ]
    Eltrombopag concentrations were analyzed using a population PK model along with data from other studies in healthy volunteers and in patients with MDS and/or AML. Post-hoc PK parameters were derived. Only patients from this study were included (163)

  18. AUC0-infinity -Pharmacokinetic(s) Parameter of Azacitidine [ Time Frame: Cycle 2 Day 1: Pre-dose, 15 min, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 hr post dose ]
    An analysis of variance (ANOVA) on AUC0-infinity. The PK parameters were log transformed prior to analysis. The model included treatment as a fixed effect. Point estimates and their associated 90% CI were constructed for the differences in PK parameter values. The point estimates and their associated 90% CI were then back transformed to provide point estimates and 90% CI for the azacitidine + eltrombopag:azacitidine + placebo PK parameter ratios.

  19. Cmax -Pharmacokinetic Parameter of Azacitidine [ Time Frame: Cycle 2 Day 1: Pre-dose, 15 min, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 hr post dose ]
    An analysis of variance (ANOVA) on Cmax . The PK parameters were log transformed prior to analysis. The model included treatment as a fixed effect. Point estimates and their associated 90% CI were constructed for the differences in PK parameter values. The point estimates and their associated 90% CI were then back transformed to provide point estimates and 90% CI for the azacitidine + ltrombopag:azacitidine + placebo PK parameter ratios.


Eligibility Criteria
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Ages Eligible for Study:   18 Years and older   (Adult, Older Adult)
Sexes Eligible for Study:   All
Accepts Healthy Volunteers:   No
Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age >=18 years (For subjects in Taiwan, Age >= 20 years)
  • MDS by World Health Organization (WHO) or French-American-British (FAB) classification
  • Intermediate 1, intermediate 2 or high risk MDS by IPSS
  • At least one platelet count < 75 Gi/L
  • Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Status 0-2
  • Adequate baseline organ function defined by the criteria below: total bilirubin =< 1.5x the upper limit of normal (ULN) except for Gilbert's syndrome or cases clearly not indicative of inadequate liver function (i.e. elevation of indirect [haemolytic] bilirubin in the absence of alanine aminotransferase [ALT] abnormality); ALT =< 2.5xULN; creatinine =< 2.5xULN
  • Subjects with a corrected QT interval (QTc) <450 milliseconds (msec) or <480msec for subjects with bundle branch block. The QTc is the QT interval corrected for heart rate according to Fridericia's formula (QTcF), machine or manual overread. For subject eligibility and withdrawal, QTcF will be used. For purposes of data analysis, QTcF will be used. The QTc should be based on single or averaged QTc values of triplicate electrocardiograms (ECGs) obtained over a brief recording period
  • Subject is able to understand and comply with protocol requirements and instructions
  • Subject has signed and dated informed consent
  • Women must be either of non-child bearing potential, or women with child-bearing potential and men with reproductive potential must be willing to practice acceptable methods of birth control during the study
  • Women of childbearing potential must have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test within 7 days of first dose of study treatment and agree to use effective contraception during the study and for 3 months following the last dose of study treatment
  • Men with a female partner of childbearing potential must have either had a prior vasectomy or agree to use effective contraception from time of randomization until 16 weeks after the last dose of study treatment
  • French subjects: In France, a subject will be eligible for inclusion in this study only if either affiliated to or a beneficiary of a social security category

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Previous treatment with hypomethylating agent or induction chemotherapy for MDS
  • Proliferative type chronic myelomonocytic leukemia with white blood cell count >12 Gi/L at any time during the 28 days before Day 1
  • History of treatment with eltrombopag, romiplostim or other thrombopoietin receptor (TPO-R) agonists
  • Previous allogeneic stem-cell transplantation
  • Known thrombophilic risk factors. Exception: Subjects for whom the potential benefits of participating in the study outweigh the potential risks of thromboembolic events, as determined by the investigator
  • Treatment with an investigational drug within 30 days or 5 half-lives (whichever is longer) preceding the first dose of investigational product (eltrombopag/placebo)
  • Active and uncontrolled infections, including hepatitis B or C
  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection
  • Known immediate or delayed hypersensitivity reaction or idiosyncrasy to drugs chemically related to eltrombopag or its excipient, or azacitidine, that contraindicates the subjects' participation
  • Pregnant or lactating female
  • Any serious and/or unstable pre-existing medical condition (including any advanced malignancy other than the disease under study), psychiatric disorder, or other conditions that could interfere with subject's safety, obtaining informed consent or compliance with the study procedures
  • French subjects: the French subject has participated in any study using an investigational drug during the previous 30 days
Contacts and Locations
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Information from the National Library of Medicine

To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.

Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT02158936


Locations
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Sponsors and Collaborators
Novartis Pharmaceuticals
Investigators
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Study Director: Novartis Pharmaceuticals Novartis Pharmaceuticals
More Information
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Publications automatically indexed to this study by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number):

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Responsible Party: Novartis Pharmaceuticals
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02158936    
Other Study ID Numbers: 112121
First Posted: June 9, 2014    Key Record Dates
Results First Posted: December 12, 2017
Last Update Posted: December 12, 2017
Last Verified: September 2017

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Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product: Yes
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product: No
Keywords provided by Novartis ( Novartis Pharmaceuticals ):
thrombocytopenia
myelodysplastic syndromes
MDS
thrombopoietin
 azacitidine
Eltrombopag
myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
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Preleukemia
Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Thrombocytopenia
Syndrome
Disease
Pathologic Processes
Bone Marrow Diseases
Hematologic Diseases
Precancerous Conditions
 Neoplasms
Blood Platelet Disorders
Azacitidine
Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic
Antimetabolites
Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action
Antineoplastic Agents
Enzyme Inhibitors