The Role of Surgery of the Primary Tumour in Patients With Synchronous Unresectable Metastases of Colorectal Cancer (CAIRO4)
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| ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01606098 |
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Recruitment Status :
Active, not recruiting
First Posted : May 25, 2012
Last Update Posted : March 22, 2022
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Sponsor:
Dutch Colorectal Cancer Group
Collaborator:
Hoffmann-La Roche
Information provided by (Responsible Party):
Dutch Colorectal Cancer Group
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Brief Summary:
The clinical benefit of resection of the primary tumour in patients with synchronous unresectable metastases is not known. In the literature studies usually describe retrospective selected patients with synchronous metastases treated with or without resection of the primary tumour. All these studies are biased in patient selection and there are no prospective randomized studies on this topic. In patients with few or absent symptoms of the primary tumour, arguments both in favour and against initial resection have been presented, and therefore a randomized trial is warranted. Although recent publications suggest that resection of the primary tumour in synchronous metastasized colon cancer patients might not be necessary, this appears to be based on feasibility and not on clinical outcome. Several studies comparing large groups of patients with or without resection of the primary tumour suggest an improved survival when the primary tumour is resected. A potential benefit of resection of the primary tumour is to prevent complications of the primary tumour during chemotherapy treatment or during later stages of the disease. A recent analysis of the CAIRO and CAIRO2 data showed that metastatic colon cancer patients who had a resection of the primary tumour prior to study entry, had an improved survival compared to patients without a resection of the primary tumour. However, these patients were selected after the primary tumour was resected and therefore these results are not corrected for surgical morbidity and mortality. The investigators here propose a randomized trial in order to demonstrate that resection of the primary tumour does improve overall survival.
| Condition or disease | Intervention/treatment | Phase |
|---|---|---|
| Colon Cancer Primary Tumour Rectal Cancer | Procedure: Surgery of the primary tumour Drug: Systemic treatment | Phase 3 |
| Study Type : | Interventional (Clinical Trial) |
| Actual Enrollment : | 206 participants |
| Allocation: | Randomized |
| Intervention Model: | Parallel Assignment |
| Masking: | None (Open Label) |
| Primary Purpose: | Treatment |
| Official Title: | The Role of Surgery of the Primary Tumour With Few or Absent Symptoms in Patients With Synchronous Unresectable Metastases of Colorectal Cancer, a Randomized Phase III Study. A Study of the Dutch Colorectal Cancer Group (DCCG) |
| Actual Study Start Date : | July 2012 |
| Estimated Primary Completion Date : | June 2022 |
| Estimated Study Completion Date : | December 2022 |
Resource links provided by the National Library of Medicine
Drug Information available for:
Bevacizumab
| Arm | Intervention/treatment |
|---|---|
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Active Comparator: Systemic treatment
First-line fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy with bevacizumab initiated within 4 weeks of randomization, followed by salvage therapy upon progression at the discretion of the local investigator. Surgery of primary tumour will be performed only when indicated by local signs or symptoms.
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Drug: Systemic treatment
First line fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy with bevacizumab. The chemotherapy regimen is to the discretion of the local investigator, who may choose between: 5FU/LV or capecitabine or capecitabine + oxaliplatin(CAPOX)or 5FU + oxaliplatin(FOLFOX 4 or FOLFOX 7)or 5FU + irinotecan (FOLFIRI) or capecitabine + irinotecan(CAPIRI) Other Name: Bevacizumab in combination with fluoropyrimidine-based schedules |
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Experimental: Surgery followed by systemic treatment
Surgery within 4 weeks of randomization followed by fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy with bevacizumab until progression or unacceptable toxicity, followed by salvage therapy upon progression at the discretion of the local investigator
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Procedure: Surgery of the primary tumour
Surgical resection of the colon tumour Drug: Systemic treatment First line fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy with bevacizumab. The chemotherapy regimen is to the discretion of the local investigator, who may choose between: 5FU/LV or capecitabine or capecitabine + oxaliplatin(CAPOX)or 5FU + oxaliplatin(FOLFOX 4 or FOLFOX 7)or 5FU + irinotecan (FOLFIRI) or capecitabine + irinotecan(CAPIRI) Other Name: Bevacizumab in combination with fluoropyrimidine-based schedules |
Primary Outcome Measures :
- Overall survival [ Time Frame: Time from randomisation until death, assessed up to 5 years ]Overall survival of the intent-to-treat population
Secondary Outcome Measures :
- Progression-free survival [ Time Frame: Time from randomisation until first progression or death whichever comes first, asessed up to 5 years ]
- Response to chemotherapy [ Time Frame: Fist-line chemotherapy, assessed until progression ]Response rate according to RECIST 1.1
- Systemic therapy related toxicity [ Time Frame: Every 3 weeks during first-line treatment ]Adverse events grade 3-4 according to NCI-CTC 4.0
- Surgery related morbidity and mortality [ Time Frame: 30 days ]
- Quality of life [ Time Frame: Every 6 months from randomisation until first progression ]EORTC QLQ-C30 and CR38
- Interval between randomization and initiation of systemic treatment [ Time Frame: Number of days between randomization and initiation of systemic treatment ]
- Cost-benefit analyses [ Time Frame: Until end of first-line systemic treatment ]
- Patients requiring resection of the primary tumour in the non-resection arm [ Time Frame: Time from randomisation until death, assessed up to 5 years ]Number of patients requiring resection of the primary tumour in the non-resection arm
- Overall survival in patients in whom treatment according to protocol was initiated [ Time Frame: Time form randomisation until death, assessed up to 5 years ]Having received at least one cycle of systemic treatment in arm A and surgery in arm B
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| Ages Eligible for Study: | 18 Years and older (Adult, Older Adult) |
| Sexes Eligible for Study: | All |
| Accepts Healthy Volunteers: | No |
Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
- Histological proof of colorectal cancer
- Resectable primary tumour in situ with unresectable distant metastases
- No indication for neo-adjuvant (chemo)radiation
- No severe signs or symptoms related to the primary tumour (i.e. severe bleeding, obstruction, severe abdominal pain) that require immediate surgery or other symptomatic treatment (e.g. stenting)
- No prior systemic treatment for advanced disease
- Age ≥ 18 years
- WHO performance status 0-2
- Laboratory values obtained ≤ 4 weeks prior to randomization: Adequate bone marrow function (Hb ≥ 6.0 mmol/L, absolute neutrophil count ≥ 1.5 x 109/L, platelets ≥ 100 x 109/L), renal function (serum creatinine ≤ 1.5x ULN and creatinine clearance, Cockroft formula, ≥ 30 ml/min), liver function (serum bilirubin ≤ 2 x ULN, serum transaminases ≤ 3 x ULN without presence of liver metastases or ≤ 5x ULN with presence of liver metastases)
- Expected adequacy of follow-up
- Written informed consent
- CT scan abdomen and CT thorax/X-thorax performed ≤ 4 weeks prior to randomization
Exclusion Criteria:
- Pregnancy, lactation
- Unresectable primary tumour (i.e. neurovascular encasement, substantial ingrowth in pancreatic head), or any condition preventing the safety or feasibility of resection of the primary tumour, i.e. massive ascites or extensive peritoneal disease
- Requirement of neoadjuvant (chmo)radiation therapy
- Second primary malignancy within the past 5 years with the exception of adequately treated in situ carcinoma of any organ or basal cell carcinoma of the skin
- Any medical condition that prevents the safe administration of systemic treatment
- Previous intolerance of fluoropyrimidines, known dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) deficiency
- Planned radical resection of all metastatic disease
- Uncontrolled hypertension, i.e. values consistently > 150/100 mmHg
- Use of ≥ 3 antihypertensive drugs
- Significant cardiovascular disease < 1 yr before randomization (symptomatic congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, unstable angina pectoris, serious uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmia, cerebro vascular event)
- Chronic active infection
- Concurrent treatment with any other anti-cancer therapy as described per protocol
Information from the National Library of Medicine
To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT01606098
Locations
Show 46 study locations
Sponsors and Collaborators
Dutch Colorectal Cancer Group
Hoffmann-La Roche
Investigators
| Principal Investigator: | M. Koopman, Prof MD PhD | UMC Utrecht | |
| Principal Investigator: | H. JW de Wilt, Prof MD PhD | Radboud University Medical Center |
Additional Information:
Publications automatically indexed to this study by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number):
Publications automatically indexed to this study by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number):
| Responsible Party: | Dutch Colorectal Cancer Group |
| ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | NCT01606098 |
| Other Study ID Numbers: |
CAIRO4 |
| First Posted: | May 25, 2012 Key Record Dates |
| Last Update Posted: | March 22, 2022 |
| Last Verified: | March 2022 |
| Individual Participant Data (IPD) Sharing Statement: | |
| Plan to Share IPD: | Undecided |
Keywords provided by Dutch Colorectal Cancer Group:
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Surgery Chemotherapy |
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
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Colorectal Neoplasms Intestinal Neoplasms Gastrointestinal Neoplasms Digestive System Neoplasms Neoplasms by Site Neoplasms Digestive System Diseases Gastrointestinal Diseases Colonic Diseases Intestinal Diseases |
Rectal Diseases Bevacizumab Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological Antineoplastic Agents Angiogenesis Inhibitors Angiogenesis Modulating Agents Growth Substances Physiological Effects of Drugs Growth Inhibitors |