Investigating Re-Dosing With Otelixizumab in Adults With Newly-Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

• ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01222078
• Recruitment Status: Terminated
• First Posted: October 18, 2010
• Results First Posted: June 16, 2017
• Last Update Posted: October 30, 2020
• Sponsor: GlaxoSmithKline
• Information provided by (Responsible Party): GlaxoSmithKline

Study Description

Brief Summary:

The purpose of this study to assess the safety and tolerability of re-dosing at 6 months with otelixizumab (given as an 8-day series of intravenous infusions) in adult subjects with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus

Condition or disease	Intervention/treatment	Phase
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1	Biological: otelixizumab	Phase 2

Detailed Description:

The primary objective of this phase IIa, open-label, multi-centre study is to assess the safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of re-dosing at 6 months with an 8 consecutive day series of otelixizumab intravenous (IV) infusions in 8 adult subjects with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Although it is hoped that the β cell preserving effect of otelixizumab will be long-lasting, it is possible that the effect may decline over time and thus T1DM subjects may require re-treatment. Six months is the minimum time expected between treatments.

After baseline assessments, eligible subjects will receive 8 consecutive days of otelixizumab infusions, each given over a 30 minute period. Prophylaxis for cytokine release syndrome AEs will be given. At Month 6, following a review of any new medical conditions, concomitant medications, lymphocyte count, Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) viral load and other re-dosing eligibility criteria, subjects will be re-treated with the same dosing regimen. Subjects will be followed for 24 months in this study.

Study Design

• Study Type: Interventional (Clinical Trial)
• Actual Enrollment: 1 participants
• Allocation: N/A
• Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)
• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Official Title: Evaluation of the Safety and Tolerability of Re-dosing With Intravenous (iv) Otelixizumab in Adult Subjects With Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
• Actual Study Start Date: November 22, 2010
• Actual Primary Completion Date: May 19, 2011
• Actual Study Completion Date: May 19, 2011

Arms and Interventions

Arm	Intervention/treatment
Experimental: otelixizumab; otelixizumab	Biological: otelixizumab; Two treatment courses of otelixizumab given 6 months apart. Each treatment course will consist of 8 consecutive days of otelixizumab intravenous infusions (each given over 30 minutes).

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures :

1. Number of Participants With Any Adverse Events (AEs) and Serious AEs (SAEs) [ Time Frame: Up to Month 24 ]
   AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical investigation participant, temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product. SAE include adverse events that result in any of the following outcomes: death, a life-threatening adverse event, inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, a persistent or significant incapacity or substantial disruption of the ability to conduct normal functions, or a congenital anomaly/birth defect. Important medical events that may not result in death, be life-threatening, or require hospitalization may be considered serious when, based upon appropriate medical judgment, they may jeopardize the participant and may require medical or surgical intervention to prevent one of the outcomes listed in this definition. Study was early terminated and participant withdrew on study Day 164.
2. Mean Change From Baseline in Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) [ Time Frame: Baseline and up to Month 24 ]
   Blood pressure was assessed at sitting position at Baseline and 1 to 7 hours of post-infusion of first treatment period. Day 1 value was considered to be Baseline value. Change from Baseline was planned to be calculated as any post-Baseline value minus Baseline value.
3. Mean Change From Baseline in Respiration Rate [ Time Frame: Baseline and up to Month 24 ]
   Respiration rate was assessed at sitting position at Baseline and post-treatment. Day 1 value was considered to be Baseline value. Change from Baseline was planned to be calculated as any post-Baseline value minus Baseline value.
4. Mean Change From Baseline in Temperature [ Time Frame: Baseline and up to Month 24 ]
   Temperature was recorded at sitting position at Baseline and post treatment. Day 1 value was considered to be Baseline value. Change from Baseline was planned to be calculated as any post-Baseline value minus Baseline value.
5. Mean Change From Baseline in Heart Rate [ Time Frame: Baseline and up to Month 24 ]
   Heart rate was recorded at sitting position at Baseline and post-treatment period. Day 1 value was considered to be Baseline value. Change from Baseline was planned to be calculated as any post-Baseline value minus Baseline value.
6. Number of Participants With Values Outside the Normal Range for Vitals [ Time Frame: Up to Month 24 ]
   Vital included assessment of SBP, DBP, respiration rate, heart rate and temperature were assessed at sitting position. Participant did not received re-dose of second treatment period and withdrew on study Day 164 because of early study termination.
7. Mean Change From Baseline in Value of Albumin and Total Protein [ Time Frame: Baseline and up to Month 24 ]
   Clinical chemistry parameters were planned to be analyzed from Baseline to Month 24. Day 1 value was considered to be Baseline value. Change from Baseline was planned to be calculated as any post-Baseline value minus Baseline value.
8. Mean Change From Baseline in Value of Alkaline Phosphatase, Alanine Amino Transferase, Aspartate Amino Transferase, Creatinine Kinase, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Gamma Glutamyl Tranferase and Lactate Dehydrogenase [ Time Frame: Baseline and up to Month 24 ]
   Clinical chemistry parameters were planned to be analyzed from Baseline to Month 24. Day 1 value was considered to be Baseline value. Change from Baseline was planned to be calculated as any post-Baseline value minus Baseline value.
9. Mean Change From Baseline in Value of Direct Bilirubin, Total Bilirubin, Creatinine and Uric Acid [ Time Frame: Baseline and up to Month 24 ]
   Clinical chemistry parameters were planned to be analyzed from Baseline to Month 24. Day 1 value was considered to be Baseline value. Change from Baseline was planned to be calculated as any post-Baseline value minus Baseline value.
10. Mean Change From Baseline in Value of Calcium, Chloride, Carbon Dioxide Content/Bicarbonate, Glucose, Potassium, Magnesium, Sodium, Inorganic Phosphorus and Urea/Blood Urea Nitrogen [ Time Frame: Baseline and up to Month 24 ]
    Clinical chemistry parameters were planned to be analyzed from Baseline to Month 24. Day 1 value was considered to be Baseline value. Change from Baseline was planned to be calculated as any post-Baseline value minus Baseline value.
11. Mean Change From Baseline in Value of Estradiol [ Time Frame: Baseline and up to Month 24 ]
    Clinical chemistry parameters were planned to be analyzed from Baseline to Month 24. Day 1 value was considered to be Baseline value. Change from Baseline was planned to be calculated as any post-Baseline value minus Baseline value.
12. Mean Change From Baseline in Basophils, Eosinophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Platelet Count and White Blood Cell Count [ Time Frame: Baseline and up to Month 24 ]
    Hematology parameters were planned to be analyzed from Baseline to Month 24. Day 1 value was considered to be Baseline value. Change from Baseline was planned to be calculated as any post-Baseline value minus Baseline value.
13. Mean Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Hemoglobin Value [ Time Frame: Baseline and up to Month 24 ]
    Hematology parameters were planned to be analyzed from Baseline to Month 24. Day 1 value was considered to be Baseline value. Change from Baseline was planned to be calculated as any post-Baseline value minus Baseline value.
14. Mean Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin Value [ Time Frame: Baseline and up to Month 24 ]
    Hematology parameters were planned to be analyzed from Baseline to Month 24. Day 1 value was considered to be Baseline value. Change from Baseline was planned to be calculated as any post-Baseline value minus Baseline value.
15. Mean Change From Baseline in Red Blood Cell Count [ Time Frame: Baseline and up to Month 24 ]
    Hematology parameters were planned to be analyzed from Baseline to Month 24. Day 1 value was considered to be Baseline value. Change from Baseline was planned to be calculated as any post-Baseline value minus Baseline value.
16. Mean Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Viral Load [ Time Frame: Up to Month 24 ]
    Levels of EBV were assessed periodically using Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction. If a participant had an EBV viral load of >=10,000 copies per 10^6 Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) at any visit, the test was repeated as soon as possible to confirm this result. If the result was confirmed, the test was repeated weekly for 2 weeks or until the count decreases to < 10,000 copies per 10^6 PBMCs, whichever was longer. The EBV Load remained zero throughout the study. Participant did not received re-dose of second treatment period and withdrew on study Day 164 because of early study termination. The viral load was to measure using unit copies per 10^6 Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs)
17. Mean Change in Total Lymphocyte Count [ Time Frame: Baseline and up to Month 24 ]
    Total lymphocyte count was planned to be analyzed up to Month 24.
18. Mean Change in CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell Counts [ Time Frame: Days 1, 4 and 8 of each treatment course ]
    CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were planned to be measured before, during and after dose 1, 4 and 8 of first treatment course. Because of the early termination of the study the data was not analyzed.
19. Mean Change in Circulating Peripheral T Lymphocytes [ Time Frame: Days 1, 4 and 8 of each treatment course ]
    Circulating peripheral T lymphocytes were planned to be measured before, during and after dose 1, 4 and 8 of first treatment course. Because of the early termination of the study the data was not analyzed.
20. Mean Change in Circulating Peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ Subset Counts [ Time Frame: Days 1, 4 and 8 of each treatment course ]
    Circulating peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were planned to be measured before, during and after dose 1, 4 and 8 of first treatment course. Because of the early termination of the study the data was not analyzed.
21. Mean Serum Levels of Anti-otelixizumab Binding Antibodies [ Time Frame: Up to Month 24 ]
    Antibodies to otelixizumab were planned to be measured at Baseline and at specified post-Baseline visits using a validated immunoassay. If a positive result was detected, the samples were analyzed further in a neutralizing antibody assay to determine if the antibodies were neutralizing. The 12 and 24 month samples were only be taken if a participant had a positive result for antibodies at the last tested time point (Month 9) or if the Month 9 test results were not available.
22. Proportion of Anti-otelixizumab Neutralizing Antibodies [ Time Frame: Up to Month 24 ]
    Antibodies to otelixizumab were planned to be measured at Baseline and at specified post-Baseline visits using a validated immunoassay. If a positive result was detected, the samples were analyzed further in a neutralizing antibody assay to determine if the antibodies were neutralizing. The 12 and 24 month samples were only be taken if a participant had a positive result for antibodies at the last tested time point (Month 9) or if the Month 9 test results were not available.

Secondary Outcome Measures :

1. Mean Circulating Peripheral T Lymphocytes Count [ Time Frame: Day 1, 4 and 8 of each treatment course ]
   Circulating peripheral T lymphocytes were planned to be measured before, during and after dose 1, 4 and 8 of first treatment course. Because of the early termination of the study the data was not analyzed.
2. Mean Circulating CD4+ and CD8+ Subset Counts [ Time Frame: Days 1, 4 and 8 of each treatment course ]
   Circulating peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were planned to be measured before, during and after dose 1, 4 and 8 of first treatment course. Because of the early termination of the study the data was not analyzed.
3. Mean Saturation of CD3 Antigen on Peripheral Blood T Cells [ Time Frame: Days 1, 4 and 8 of each treatment course ]
   Assessment of CD3 antigen was planned to be done on Day 1, 4 and 8 of first treatment course. The data was planned to be presented with unit Molecules of Equivalent Soluble Fluorochrome (MESF). Because of the early termination of the study the data was not analyzed.
4. Mean Individual Serum Concentrations of Otelixizumab [ Time Frame: Pre-dose and EOI on Dosing Day 1, EOI on Dosing Days 2, 3, 5-7 and Pre-dose, EOI, 6 hours post SOI on Dosing days 4 and 8 of each treatment course ]
   Because of the early termination of the study the data was not analyzed.
5. Maximum Observed Serum Concentration (Cmax) of Otelixizumab [ Time Frame: Pre-dose and EOI on Dosing Day 1, EOI on Dosing Days 2, 3, 5-7 and Pre-dose, EOI, 6 hours post SOI on Dosing days 4 and 8 of each treatment course ]
   Because of the early termination of the study the data was not analyzed.
6. Time to Cmax (Tmax) of Otelixizumab [ Time Frame: Pre-dose and EOI on Dosing Day 1, EOI on Dosing Days 2, 3, 5-7 and Pre-dose, EOI, 6 hours post SOI on Dosing days 4 and 8 of each treatment course ]
   Because of the early termination of the study the data was not analyzed.
7. Area Under the Serum Concentration-time Curve [AUC(0-tlast)] of Otelixizumab [ Time Frame: Pre-dose and EOI on Dosing Day 1, EOI on Dosing Days 2, 3, 5-7 and Pre-dose, EOI, 6 hours post SOI on Dosing days 4 and 8 of each treatment course ]
   Because of the early termination of the study the data was not analyzed.
8. Time of Last Observed Quantifiable Concentration (Tlast) of Otelixizumab [ Time Frame: Pre-dose and EOI on Dosing Day 1, EOI on Dosing Days 2, 3, 5-7 and Pre-dose, EOI, 6 hours post SOI on Dosing days 4 and 8 of each treatment course ]
   Because of the early termination of the study the data was not analyzed.
9. Terminal Phase Half-life (Thalf) of Otelixizumab [ Time Frame: Pre-dose and EOI on Dosing Day 1, EOI on Dosing Days 2, 3, 5-7 and Pre-dose, EOI, 6 hours post SOI on Dosing days 4 and 8 of each treatment course ]
   Because of the early termination of the study the data was not analyzed.

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 Years to 45 Years (Adult)
• Sexes Eligible for Study: All
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

• Male or female, aged 18 to 45 years. Women are allowed if they are of non-childbearing potential or agree to use one of the contraception methods listed in the protocol.
• Diagnosis of type 1 autoimmune diabetes mellitus according to ADA and WHO criteria
• No more than 90 days between diagnosis and the first dose of study drug.
• Currently requires insulin for T1DM treatment, or has required insulin at some time between diagnosis and the first dose of study drug.
• Positive for one or more of the autoantibodies typically associated with T1DM: antibody to glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD); antibody to protein tyrosine phosphatase-like protein (anti-IA-2); or insulin autoantibodies (IAA). A subject who is positive for insulin autoantibodies (IAA) and negative for the other autoantibodies will only be eligible if the subject has used insulin for less than 7 days total.
• Stimulated C-peptide level greater than 0.20 nmol/L and less than or equal to 3.50 nmol/L
• Body mass index not greater than 32 kg/m2.
• QTc <450 millisecond (msec) or <480msec for patients with Bundle Branch Block

Exclusion Criteria:

• Pregnant, breastfeeding, or planning to become pregnant from the beginning of the screening period or at least 14 days prior to initial dosing until at least 60 days after the last dose of the second treatment course of study drug.
• Current or prior malignancy, other than non-melanoma skin cancer (subject must have had fewer than 5 occurrences of non-melanoma skin cancer, and the last occurrence must not be within 3 months of study entry).
• Clinically significant abnormal laboratory values during the Screening period, other than those due to T1DM. Permitted ranges for selected laboratory values are shown in the protocol. A clinically significant abnormal value will not result in exclusion if, upon re test, the abnormality is resolved or becomes clinically insignificant.
• Significant and/or active disease in any body system likely to increase the risk to the subject or interfere with the subject's participation in or completion of the study. Examples of significant diseases include, but are not limited to, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, uncontrolled hypertension, renal failure, emphysema, history of bleeding peptic ulcers, history of seizure(s), addiction to illicit drugs, and alcohol abuse.
• Current or chronic history of liver disease, known hepatic or biliary abnormalities (with the exception of Gilbert's syndrome or asymptomatic gallstones), presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), positive hepatitis C test result within 3 months of screening
• Significant systemic infection during the 6 weeks before the first dose of study drug (e.g., infection requiring hospitalisation, major surgery, or IV antibiotics to resolve; other infections, e.g., bronchitis, sinusitis, localised cellulitis, candidiasis, or urinary tract infections, must be assessed on a case-by-case basis by the investigator regarding whether they are serious enough to warrant exclusion).
• History of current or past active tuberculosis infection and or latent tuberculosis infection. Further details are given in the protocol.
• A positive test for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody or risk factors which predispose subject to HIV infection.
• EBV viral load greater than or = to 10,000 copies per 10xe6 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). If there is any clinical suspicion that a subject who is EBV seronegative and with EBV PCR <10,000 copies per 10xe6 PBMCs has symptoms consistent with infectious mononucleosis prior to administration of study drug, then a monospot test result must be negative before the subject can be dosed.
• A positive test for syphilis.
• Had a potent immunosuppressive agent (e.g., systemic high-dose corticosteroids on a chronic basis, methotrexate, cyclosporine, or anti-TNF agents) within the 30 days before the first dose of study drug, or expecting to require such treatment within 3 months after the last dose of study drug. (Intranasal, inhaled, and topical corticosteroid medications are permitted if used at recommended dosages.)
• Used an atypical antipsychotic drug (e.g., risperidone [Risperdal], quetiapine [Seroquel], or clozapine [Clozaril]) within the 30 days before first dose of study drug, or expecting to require such treatment during the study.
• Received a vaccine within the 30 days before the first dose of study drug, or expecting to require a vaccine during the dosing period or the 30 days after the last dose of study drug.
• Previously received otelixizumab or any other anti CD3 monoclonal antibody, e.g., OKT3 (muromonab or Orthoclone), ChAglyCD3, or hOKT3γ1 (ala ala), or not willing to refrain from using any such antibody for the planned duration of study participation (18 months after the last dose of study drug).
• Previously received an anti lymphocyte monoclonal antibody, such as anti-CD20, anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG), rituximab (Rituxan), or alemtuzumab (Campath), or planning to use any such antibody during the planned duration of study participation (18 months after the last dose of study drug).
• Had an investigational drug within the 3 months before the first dose of study drug or planning to take an investigational drug within18 months of the last dose of study drug.
• Have donated any plasma or blood within 45 days before the first dose of study drug.
• Prior allergic reaction, including anaphylaxis, to any human, humanised, chimeric, or rodent antibody.
• Undergone a major surgical procedure within 30 days before the first dose of study drug, or planning to undergo any such surgery within 3 months after the last dose of study drug.

Contacts and Locations

Locations

France

GSK Investigational Site

Paris Cedex 18, France, 75877

Germany

GSK Investigational Site

Leipzig, Sachsen, Germany, 04103

Sponsors and Collaborators

GlaxoSmithKline

Investigators

• Study Director: GSK Clinical Trials; GlaxoSmithKline

More Information

Publications:

GSK has concluded that it is not feasible to publish this study in a peer-reviewed scientific journal because the nature of the study is unlikely to be of interest to a journal. GSK is providing the attached study results summary with a conclusion.

• Responsible Party: GlaxoSmithKline
• ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01222078
• Other Study ID Numbers: 113390; 2010-019157-17 ( EudraCT Number )
• First Posted: October 18, 2010
• Results First Posted: June 16, 2017
• Last Update Posted: October 30, 2020
• Last Verified: October 2020

Individual Participant Data (IPD) Sharing Statement:

• Plan to Share IPD: No

Keywords provided by GlaxoSmithKline:

newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus; re-treatment; intravenous otelixizumab; beta-cell preservation

Additional relevant MeSH terms:

Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Glucose Metabolism Disorders; Metabolic Diseases; Endocrine System Diseases; Autoimmune Diseases; Immune System Diseases