When to Start Anti-HIV Drugs in Patients With Opportunistic Infections
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| ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00055120 |
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Recruitment Status :
Completed
First Posted : February 20, 2003
Last Update Posted : October 15, 2014
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| Condition or disease | Intervention/treatment | Phase |
|---|---|---|
| HIV Infections AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections | Drug: Emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate Drug: Lopinavir/ritonavir Drug: Stavudine | Phase 4 |
Despite the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), many HIV infected patients without access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) present with acute OIs. Such presentations pose a management problem, as there are currently no data available as to whether initiating HAART during the acute presentation is of benefit. Reports of an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) marked by increasing hypoxia or new pulmonary infiltrates have been associated with the initiation of ART in patients with AIDS. There is also concern as to drug interactions between ART and antimicrobials used to treat the presenting OI. This study will evaluate the possible benefits and costs of initiating ART in HIV infected patients who present with an AIDS-defining OI.
There are 2 steps in this study. In Step 1, patients will be randomly assigned to one of two study arms. Arm A will receive ART within 2 weeks of starting therapy for the acute OI. Arm B will have ART deferred until Step 2, at least 4 weeks and no more than 32 weeks after beginning therapy for the acute OI. Only Arm B participants will enter Step 2, which will likely begin between Weeks 6 and 12. The study will make the following drugs available for construction of an antiretroviral (ARV) regimen: emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (FTC/TDF), lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/RTV), and stavudine (d4T). Use of other ARV drugs is at the discretion of the study official. Drug regimen additions and substitutions will be made on a case-by-case basis.
Patients will be followed for 48 weeks and will have 10 study visits. All study visits will include a physical exam, medication history, and blood collection. Patients will be asked to complete questionnaires assessing health status and adherence at selected visits.
| Study Type : | Interventional (Clinical Trial) |
| Actual Enrollment : | 283 participants |
| Allocation: | Randomized |
| Intervention Model: | Parallel Assignment |
| Masking: | None (Open Label) |
| Primary Purpose: | Diagnostic |
| Official Title: | A Phase IV Study of Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV Infected Adults Presenting With Acute Opportunistic Infections: Immediate Versus Deferred Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy |
| Study Start Date : | March 2003 |
| Actual Primary Completion Date : | September 2006 |
| Actual Study Completion Date : | August 2007 |
- Survival, recurrence of presenting OI/bacterial infection (BI) or incidence of new AIDS-defining events, and HIV-1 plasma viral load at Week 48
- HIV-1 plasma viral load at all timepoints up to and including Week 48
- CD4 counts at all timepoints up to and including Week 48
- changes in ARV regimen for lack of efficacy
- efficacy of treatment and clinical outcomes for specific OI/BI, including duration of and complications of treatment, incidence and duration of hospitalization, rate of relapse/recurrence, and incidence of IRIS and impact on outcomes in the two arms
- safety and tolerability, measured by Grade 3 and 4 signs and symptoms and laboratory toxicities, ART and OI/BI treatment changes and dose modifications due to toxicities, and IRIS
- HIV-1 drug resistance over time (genotype)
- health care resource use, including total inpatient days and emergency room visits compared in the two groups
- quality of life (QOL) and functional status outcomes, including overall self-reported QOL and functional status compared in the two groups at Week 48
- adherence, including self-reported adherence to all ARVs over the study period, examined for relationship with primary study outcomes, including death, progression, and viral suppression
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies.
| Ages Eligible for Study: | 13 Years and older (Child, Adult, Older Adult) |
| Sexes Eligible for Study: | All |
| Accepts Healthy Volunteers: | No |
Note: Participants who enrolled in this study prior to Version 3.0 will be offered and allowed to switch to FTC/TDF if they wish. However, participants under the age of 18 cannot receive FTC/TDF through this study.
Inclusion Criteria for Step 1:
- HIV-1 infected
- Currently being treated for OI (including Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia [PCP]; cryptococcal meningitis; disseminated histoplasmosis; disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex [MAC]; cytomegalovirus [CMV] retinitis; CMV encephalitis; toxoplasmic encephalitis; other atypical non-tuberculous, non-MAC mycobacterial infections; or other serious, invasive BIs). Participants who have tuberculosis (TB) alone are ineligible for this study. Participants with bacterial pneumonia or serious BI must have a CD4 count less than 200 cells/mm3 within 30 days prior to study entry. Participants with other serious OIs, including other AIDS-defining and -related OIs for which appropriate therapy other than ART exists are eligible, pending investigator approval. Participants' current OI treatment must have been started within 14 days prior to study entry, but may have been discontinued prior to study entry.
- Able to take oral medications
- Parent or guardian willing to provide informed consent, if applicable
- Willing to use acceptable methods of contraception
Exclusion Criteria for Step 1:
- Any ART within 8 weeks prior to study entry
- 31 or more days of any ARV within 6 months prior to entry
- History of more than one virologic, immunologic, or clinical treatment failure while on a HAART regimen, or a history of more than one regimen change for unknown reasons
- Systemic cancer chemotherapy within 30 days prior to study entry
- Immunomodulators within 30 days prior to study entry, including growth factors, immune globulin, interleukins, and interferons (unless for hepatitis C virus or Kaposi's sarcoma)
- Investigational ARV agents at study entry
- Systemic investigational agents (except ARV drugs) within 30 days prior to study entry will be allowed at the study official's discretion
- Anticipated use of certain medications
- Kidney failure requiring dialysis
- Current drug or alcohol use that, in the opinion of the study official, would interfere with the study
- Treatment for current, first-treated, and diagnosed OI or BI for more than 14 days prior to study entry
- Known resistance to ART that prohibits administration of an effective ART regimen
- Current OI has recurred within 90 days prior to study entry. Recurrent BIs are not excluded.
- Pregnant or breastfeeding
To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT00055120
Show 45 study locations
| Study Chair: | Andrew R. Zolopa, MD | Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University |
Other Publications:
Publications automatically indexed to this study by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number):
| ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | NCT00055120 |
| Other Study ID Numbers: |
ACTG A5164 DAIDS-ES ID 10005 |
| First Posted: | February 20, 2003 Key Record Dates |
| Last Update Posted: | October 15, 2014 |
| Last Verified: | October 2014 |
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Anti-HIV Agents Disease Progression Drug Administration Schedule Viral Load |
HIV-1 Treatment Outcome Survival Analysis Treatment Naive |
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Infections Communicable Diseases Opportunistic Infections AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections Disease Attributes Pathologic Processes HIV Infections Blood-Borne Infections Lentivirus Infections Retroviridae Infections RNA Virus Infections Virus Diseases Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes Immune System Diseases Ritonavir |
Lopinavir Tenofovir Emtricitabine Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Drug Combination Stavudine HIV Protease Inhibitors Viral Protease Inhibitors Protease Inhibitors Enzyme Inhibitors Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action Anti-HIV Agents Anti-Retroviral Agents Antiviral Agents Anti-Infective Agents Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors |