The Biology of Resilience
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| Study Type: | Interventional |
|---|---|
| Study Design: | Allocation: Randomized; Intervention Model: Factorial Assignment; Masking: Double Blind (Subject, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor); Primary Purpose: Basic Science |
| Conditions: |
Oxytocin Placebo |
| Interventions: |
Drug: intranasal oxytocin Drug: Placebo Behavioral: Social support Behavioral: No Social Support |
Participant Flow
Hide Participant Flow
Recruitment Details
| Key information relevant to the recruitment process for the overall study, such as dates of the recruitment period and locations |
|---|
| Participants were enrolled in this study from 6/2008 to 4/2012. Initial screening was done by phone and email. Medical screening took place at a hospital clinic and the rest of the study took place at the Harvard School of Public Health. |
Pre-Assignment Details
| Significant events and approaches for the overall study following participant enrollment, but prior to group assignment |
|---|
| After initial screening , participants were asked to sign consent form and screened in a medical clinic prior to group assignment. Participants were excluded for violating study criteria, including having BMI>30, high blood pressure, acute illness, smoking or drug use and chronic medical conditions. Refusal to sign consent also led to exclusion. |
Reporting Groups
| Description | |
|---|---|
| Female, OT, Alone |
Effects of intranasal oxytocin and social support examined among women versus men. Intranasal oxytocin : The aqueous form of oxytocin (oxytocin injection, synthetic) in 10 ml vials is inserted into a spray bottle. The spray bottle is calibrated so that emptying the spray bottle results in delivering 24 IU of oxytocin. No dilution of the original aqueous form of the oxytocin is necessary. 24 IU of oxytocin is administered. Social support - Alone : Prior to lab visit, participant is randomly assigned to one of two conditions, requiring them to appear alone or accompanied by partner. Participant assigned to alone is unaccompanied during tasks. |
| Female, OT, Friend |
Effects of intranasal oxytocin and social support examined among women versus men. Intranasal oxytocin : The aqueous form of oxytocin (oxytocin injection, synthetic) in 10 ml vials is inserted into a spray bottle. The spray bottle is calibrated so that emptying the spray bottle results in delivering 24 IU of oxytocin. No dilution of the original aqueous form of the oxytocin is necessary. 24 IU of oxytocin is administered. Social support - Friend : Prior to lab visit, participant is randomly assigned to one of two conditions, requiring them to appear alone or accompanied by partner. If instructed to bring a same-sex close friend (excluding spouses), participants are joined by their support partners at the start of the stress exposure. The social support condition includes a number of strategies designed to standardize the type of support available to participants across individuals. |
| Female, Placebo, Alone |
Effects of intranasal oxytocin and social support examined among women versus men. Placebo : Participants in the placebo condition receive an equivalent amount of saline for intranasal spray administration. The placebo is administered at one time only during the procedure. Approximately half the dose is sprayed into each nostril. Administration stops after the full amount in the spray bottle has been used. Social support - Alone : Prior to lab visit, participant is randomly assigned to one of two conditions, requiring them to appear alone or accompanied by partner. Participant assigned to alone is unaccompanied during tasks. |
| Female, Placebo, Friend |
Effects of intranasal oxytocin and social support examined among women versus men. Placebo : Participants in the placebo condition receive an equivalent amount of saline for intranasal spray administration. The placebo is administered at one time only during the procedure. Approximately half the dose is sprayed into each nostril. Administration stops after the full amount in the spray bottle has been used. Social support - Friend : Prior to lab visit, participant is randomly assigned to one of two conditions, requiring them to appear alone or accompanied by partner. If instructed to bring a same-sex close friend (excluding spouses), participants are joined by their support partners at the start of the stress exposure. The social support condition includes a number of strategies designed to standardize the type of support available to participants across individuals. |
| Male, OT, Alone |
Effects of intranasal oxytocin and social support examined among men versus women. Intranasal oxytocin : The aqueous form of oxytocin (oxytocin injection, synthetic) in 10 ml vials is inserted into a spray bottle. The spray bottle is calibrated so that emptying the spray bottle results in delivering 24 IU of oxytocin. No dilution of the original aqueous form of the oxytocin is necessary. 24 IU of oxytocin is administered. Social support - Alone : Prior to lab visit, participant is randomly assigned to one of two conditions, requiring them to appear alone or accompanied by partner. Participant assigned to alone is unaccompanied during tasks. |
| Male, OT, Friend |
Effects of intranasal oxytocin and social support examined among men versus women. Intranasal oxytocin : The aqueous form of oxytocin (oxytocin injection, synthetic) in 10 ml vials is inserted into a spray bottle. The spray bottle is calibrated so that emptying the spray bottle results in delivering 24 IU of oxytocin. No dilution of the original aqueous form of the oxytocin is necessary. 24 IU of oxytocin is administered. Social support - Friend : Prior to lab visit, participant is randomly assigned to one of two conditions, requiring them to appear alone or accompanied by partner. If instructed to bring a same-sex close friend (excluding spouses), participants are joined by their support partners at the start of the stress exposure. The social support condition includes a number of strategies designed to standardize the type of support available to participants across individuals. |
| Male, Placebo, Alone |
Effects of intranasal oxytocin and social support examined among men versus women. Placebo : Participants in the placebo condition receive an equivalent amount of saline for intranasal spray administration. The placebo is administered at one time only during the procedure. Approximately half the dose is sprayed into each nostril. Administration stops after the full amount in the spray bottle has been used. Social support - Alone : Prior to lab visit, participant is randomly assigned to one of two conditions, requiring them to appear alone or accompanied by partner. Participant assigned to alone is unaccompanied during tasks. |
| Male, Placebo, Friend |
Effects of intranasal oxytocin and social support examined among men versus women. Placebo : Participants in the placebo condition receive an equivalent amount of saline for intranasal spray administration. The placebo is administered at one time only during the procedure. Approximately half the dose is sprayed into each nostril. Administration stops after the full amount in the spray bottle has been used. Social support - Friend : Prior to lab visit, participant is randomly assigned to one of two conditions, requiring them to appear alone or accompanied by partner. If instructed to bring a same-sex close friend (excluding spouses), participants are joined by their support partners at the start of the stress exposure. The social support condition includes a number of strategies designed to standardize the type of support available to participants across individuals. |
Participant Flow: Overall Study
| Female, OT, Alone | Female, OT, Friend | Female, Placebo, Alone | Female, Placebo, Friend | Male, OT, Alone | Male, OT, Friend | Male, Placebo, Alone | Male, Placebo, Friend | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| STARTED | 36 | 20 | 36 | 18 | 47 | 29 | 52 | 32 |
| COMPLETED | 34 | 19 | 36 | 18 | 46 | 29 | 51 | 32 |
| NOT COMPLETED | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Withdrawal by Subject | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Baseline Characteristics
Population Description
| Explanation of how the number of participants for analysis was determined. Includes whether analysis was per protocol, intention to treat, or another method. Also provides relevant details such as imputation technique, as appropriate. |
|---|
| No text entered. |
Reporting Groups
| Description | |
|---|---|
| Female, OT, Alone |
Effects of intranasal oxytocin and social support examined among women versus men. Intranasal oxytocin : The aqueous form of oxytocin (oxytocin injection, synthetic) in 10 ml vials is inserted into a spray bottle. The spray bottle is calibrated so that emptying the spray bottle results in delivering 24 IU of oxytocin. No dilution of the original aqueous form of the oxytocin is necessary. 24 IU of oxytocin is administered. Social support - Alone : Prior to lab visit, participant is randomly assigned to one of two conditions, requiring them to appear alone or accompanied by partner. Participant assigned to alone is unaccompanied during tasks. |
| Female, OT, Friend |
Effects of intranasal oxytocin and social support examined among women versus men. Intranasal oxytocin : The aqueous form of oxytocin (oxytocin injection, synthetic) in 10 ml vials is inserted into a spray bottle. The spray bottle is calibrated so that emptying the spray bottle results in delivering 24 IU of oxytocin. No dilution of the original aqueous form of the oxytocin is necessary. 24 IU of oxytocin is administered. Social support - Friend : Prior to lab visit, participant is randomly assigned to one of two conditions, requiring them to appear alone or accompanied by partner. If instructed to bring a same-sex close friend (excluding spouses), participants are joined by their support partners at the start of the stress exposure. The social support condition includes a number of strategies designed to standardize the type of support available to participants across individuals. |
| Female, Placebo, Alone |
Effects of intranasal oxytocin and social support examined among women versus men. Placebo : Participants in the placebo condition receive an equivalent amount of saline for intranasal spray administration. The placebo is administered at one time only during the procedure. Approximately half the dose is sprayed into each nostril. Administration stops after the full amount in the spray bottle has been used. Social support - Alone : Prior to lab visit, participant is randomly assigned to one of two conditions, requiring them to appear alone or accompanied by partner. Participant assigned to alone is unaccompanied during tasks. |
| Female, Placebo, Friend |
Effects of intranasal oxytocin and social support examined among women versus men. Placebo : Participants in the placebo condition receive an equivalent amount of saline for intranasal spray administration. The placebo is administered at one time only during the procedure. Approximately half the dose is sprayed into each nostril. Administration stops after the full amount in the spray bottle has been used. Social support - Friend : Prior to lab visit, participant is randomly assigned to one of two conditions, requiring them to appear alone or accompanied by partner. If instructed to bring a same-sex close friend (excluding spouses), participants are joined by their support partners at the start of the stress exposure. The social support condition includes a number of strategies designed to standardize the type of support available to participants across individuals. |
| Male, OT, Alone |
Effects of intranasal oxytocin and social support examined among men versus women. Intranasal oxytocin : The aqueous form of oxytocin (oxytocin injection, synthetic) in 10 ml vials is inserted into a spray bottle. The spray bottle is calibrated so that emptying the spray bottle results in delivering 24 IU of oxytocin. No dilution of the original aqueous form of the oxytocin is necessary. 24 IU of oxytocin is administered. Social support - Alone : Prior to lab visit, participant is randomly assigned to one of two conditions, requiring them to appear alone or accompanied by partner. Participant assigned to alone is unaccompanied during tasks. |
| Male, OT, Friend |
Effects of intranasal oxytocin and social support examined among men versus women. Intranasal oxytocin : The aqueous form of oxytocin (oxytocin injection, synthetic) in 10 ml vials is inserted into a spray bottle. The spray bottle is calibrated so that emptying the spray bottle results in delivering 24 IU of oxytocin. No dilution of the original aqueous form of the oxytocin is necessary. 24 IU of oxytocin is administered. Social support - Friend : Prior to lab visit, participant is randomly assigned to one of two conditions, requiring them to appear alone or accompanied by partner. If instructed to bring a same-sex close friend (excluding spouses), participants are joined by their support partners at the start of the stress exposure. The social support condition includes a number of strategies designed to standardize the type of support available to participants across individuals. |
| Male, Placebo, Alone |
Effects of intranasal oxytocin and social support examined among men versus women. Placebo : Participants in the placebo condition receive an equivalent amount of saline for intranasal spray administration. The placebo is administered at one time only during the procedure. Approximately half the dose is sprayed into each nostril. Administration stops after the full amount in the spray bottle has been used. Social support - Alone : Prior to lab visit, participant is randomly assigned to one of two conditions, requiring them to appear alone or accompanied by partner. Participant assigned to alone is unaccompanied during tasks. |
| Male, Placebo, Friend |
Effects of intranasal oxytocin and social support examined among men versus women. Placebo : Participants in the placebo condition receive an equivalent amount of saline for intranasal spray administration. The placebo is administered at one time only during the procedure. Approximately half the dose is sprayed into each nostril. Administration stops after the full amount in the spray bottle has been used. Social support - Friend : Prior to lab visit, participant is randomly assigned to one of two conditions, requiring them to appear alone or accompanied by partner. If instructed to bring a same-sex close friend (excluding spouses), participants are joined by their support partners at the start of the stress exposure. The social support condition includes a number of strategies designed to standardize the type of support available to participants across individuals. |
| Total | Total of all reporting groups |
Baseline Measures
| Female, OT, Alone | Female, OT, Friend | Female, Placebo, Alone | Female, Placebo, Friend | Male, OT, Alone | Male, OT, Friend | Male, Placebo, Alone | Male, Placebo, Friend | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Number of Participants
[units: participants] |
36 | 20 | 36 | 18 | 47 | 29 | 52 | 32 | 270 |
|
Age
[units: participants] |
|||||||||
| <=18 years | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Between 18 and 65 years | 36 | 20 | 36 | 18 | 47 | 29 | 52 | 32 | 270 |
| >=65 years | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|
Age
[units: years] Mean (Standard Deviation) |
32.9 (11.2) | 28.7 (6.2) | 34.3 (10.7) | 33.7 (13.2) | 34.8 (11.8) | 28.4 (9.0) | 36.0 (12.1) | 32.4 (9.7) | 33.2 (11.0) |
|
Gender
[units: participants] |
|||||||||
| Female | 36 | 20 | 36 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 110 |
| Male | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | 29 | 52 | 32 | 160 |
|
Region of Enrollment
[units: participants] |
|||||||||
| United States | 36 | 20 | 36 | 18 | 47 | 29 | 52 | 32 | 270 |
Outcome Measures
Show All Outcome Measures
| 1. Primary: | Systolic Blood Pressure Change From Baseline to Second Stress Task Experience - Autonomic Stress Response Measure [ Time Frame: within 2 hours of treatment ] |
| 2. Primary: | Difference of Pre-count and Baseline Self-reported Negative Affect (Using Negative Sub-scale of Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) Measure). [ Time Frame: 2 hours ] |
| 3. Primary: | Speech Threat and Challenge [ Time Frame: 2 hours ] |
Limitations and Caveats
| Limitations of the study, such as early termination leading to small numbers of participants analyzed and technical problems with measurement leading to unreliable or uninterpretable data |
|---|
| Data collected earlier in the study is missing blood pressure data due to technical problems. |
More Information
| Principal Investigators are NOT employed by the organization sponsoring the study. |
| There is NOT an agreement between Principal Investigators and the Sponsor (or its agents) that restricts the PI's rights to discuss or publish trial results after the trial is completed. |
Results Point of Contact:
Organization: Harvard School of Public Health
phone: 617-432-3589
e-mail: lkubzans@hsph.harvard.edu
Publications of Results:
Other Publications:
| Responsible Party: | Laura Kubzansky, Harvard School of Public Health |
| ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | NCT01011465 History of Changes |
| Other Study ID Numbers: |
1R21AG030632-01A2 ( US NIH Grant/Contract Award Number ) |
| Study First Received: | November 10, 2009 |
| Results First Received: | September 13, 2012 |
| Last Updated: | October 24, 2012 |
| Health Authority: | United States: Institutional Review Board |