- Maternal pregravid BMI [ Time Frame: Baseline ]
Maternal BMI prior to pregnancy will be derived from pregravid BMI (recall during pregnancy at baseline visit) using the equation (weight in kg)/(height in m)^2.
- Maternal height at baseline [ Time Frame: Baseline ]
Height (cm) will be measured using a stadiometer.
- Maternal height at 6 months [ Time Frame: 6 months ]
Height (cm) will be measured using a stadiometer.
- Maternal height at 12 months [ Time Frame: 12 months ]
Height (cm) will be measured using a stadiometer.
- Maternal height at 18 months [ Time Frame: 18 months ]
Height (cm) will be measured using a stadiometer.
- Maternal height at 24 months [ Time Frame: 24 months ]
Height (cm) will be measured using a stadiometer.
- Maternal weight at baseline [ Time Frame: Baseline ]
Weight (kg) will be measured using a portable digital scale.
- Maternal weight at 6 months [ Time Frame: 6 months ]
Weight (kg) will be measured using a portable digital scale.
- Maternal weight at 12 months [ Time Frame: 12 months ]
Weight (kg) will be measured using a portable digital scale.
- Maternal weight at 18 months [ Time Frame: 18 months ]
Weight (kg) will be measured using a portable digital scale.
- Maternal weight at 24 months [ Time Frame: 24 months ]
Weight (kg) will be measured using a portable digital scale.
- Maternal BMI at baseline [ Time Frame: Baseline ]
Body Mass Index (BMI) will be calculated based on the equation (weight in kg)/(height in m)^2.
- Maternal BMI at 6 months [ Time Frame: 6 months ]
Body Mass Index (BMI) will be calculated based on the equation (weight in kg)/(height in m)^2.
- Maternal BMI at 12 months [ Time Frame: 12 months ]
Body Mass Index (BMI) will be calculated based on the equation (weight in kg)/(height in m)^2.
- Maternal BMI at 18 months [ Time Frame: 18 months ]
Body Mass Index (BMI) will be calculated based on the equation (weight in kg)/(height in m)^2.
- Maternal BMI at 24 months [ Time Frame: 24 months ]
Body Mass Index (BMI) will be calculated based on the equation (weight in kg)/(height in m)^2.
- Infant length at baseline [ Time Frame: Baseline ]
Infant length (cm) will be measured using an infant measure mat.
- Infant length at 6 months [ Time Frame: 6 months ]
Infant length (cm) will be measured using an infant measure mat.
- Infant length at 12 months [ Time Frame: 12 months ]
Infant length (cm) will be measured using an infant measure mat.
- Infant length at 18 months [ Time Frame: 18 months ]
Infant length (cm) will be measured using an infant measure mat.
- Infant length at 24 months [ Time Frame: 24 months ]
Infant length (cm) will be measured using an infant measure mat.
- Infant length at 36 months [ Time Frame: 36 months ]
Infant length (cm) will be measured using an infant measure mat.
- Infant weight at baseline [ Time Frame: Baseline ]
Infant weight (kg) will measured using a portable digital scale. For infants that need to be held, weight will be calculated as follows: (combined mother + infant weight) - (mother only weight).
- Infant weight at 6 months [ Time Frame: 6 months ]
Infant weight (kg) will measured using a portable digital scale. For infants that need to be held, weight will be calculated as follows: (combined mother + infant weight) - (mother only weight).
- Infant weight at 12 months [ Time Frame: 12 months ]
Infant weight (kg) will measured using a portable digital scale. For infants that need to be held, weight will be calculated as follows: (combined mother + infant weight) - (mother only weight).
- Infant weight at 18 months [ Time Frame: 18 months ]
Infant weight (kg) will measured using a portable digital scale. For infants that need to be held, weight will be calculated as follows: (combined mother + infant weight) - (mother only weight).
- Infant weight at 24 months [ Time Frame: 24 months ]
Infant weight (kg) will measured using a portable digital scale. For infants that need to be held, weight will be calculated as follows: (combined mother + infant weight) - (mother only weight).
- Infant weight at 36 months [ Time Frame: 36 months ]
Infant weight (kg) will measured using a portable digital scale. For infants that need to be held, weight will be calculated as follows: (combined mother + infant weight) - (mother only weight).
- Maternal systolic and diastolic blood pressure at baseline [ Time Frame: Baseline ]
Sitting systolic and diastolic blood pressure will be measured on the right arm after the subject has rested quietly for 5 minutes using a digital blood pressure monitor (Omron 3-series).
- Maternal systolic and diastolic blood pressure at 6 months [ Time Frame: 6 months ]
Sitting systolic and diastolic blood pressure will be measured on the right arm after the subject has rested quietly for 5 minutes using a digital blood pressure monitor (Omron 3-series).
- Maternal systolic and diastolic blood pressure at 12 months [ Time Frame: 12 months ]
Sitting systolic and diastolic blood pressure will be measured on the right arm after the subject has rested quietly for 5 minutes using a digital blood pressure monitor (Omron 3-series).
- Maternal systolic and diastolic blood pressure at 18 months [ Time Frame: 18 months ]
Sitting systolic and diastolic blood pressure will be measured on the right arm after the subject has rested quietly for 5 minutes using a digital blood pressure monitor (Omron 3-series).
- Maternal systolic and diastolic blood pressure at 24 months [ Time Frame: 24 months ]
Sitting systolic and diastolic blood pressure will be measured on the right arm after the subject has rested quietly for 5 minutes using a digital blood pressure monitor (Omron 3-series).
- Maternal resting heart rate at baseline [ Time Frame: Baseline ]
Sitting heart rate will be measured on the right arm after the subject has rested quietly for 5 minutes using a digital blood pressure monitor (Omron 3-series).
- Maternal resting heart rate at 6 months [ Time Frame: 6 months ]
Sitting heart rate will be measured on the right arm after the subject has rested quietly for 5 minutes using a digital blood pressure monitor (Omron 3-series).
- Maternal resting heart rate at 12 months [ Time Frame: 12 months ]
Sitting heart rate will be measured on the right arm after the subject has rested quietly for 5 minutes using a digital blood pressure monitor (Omron 3-series).
- Maternal resting heart rate at 18 months [ Time Frame: 18 months ]
Sitting heart rate will be measured on the right arm after the subject has rested quietly for 5 minutes using a digital blood pressure monitor (Omron 3-series).
- Maternal resting heart rate at 24 months [ Time Frame: 24 months ]
Sitting heart rate will be measured on the right arm after the subject has rested quietly for 5 minutes using a digital blood pressure monitor (Omron 3-series).
- Maternal diet at baseline [ Time Frame: Baseline ]
24-hour diet recalls will be conducted for one week day and one weekend day. Dietary intake will be collected and analyzed using the most current version of the Nutrition Data System for Research software (NDSR) which has been used extensively in Hispanic studies.
- Maternal diet at 6 months [ Time Frame: 6 months ]
24-hour diet recalls will be conducted for one week day and one weekend day. Dietary intake will be collected and analyzed using the most current version of the Nutrition Data System for Research software (NDSR) which has been used extensively in Hispanic studies.
- Maternal diet at 12 months [ Time Frame: 12 months ]
24-hour diet recalls will be conducted for one week day and one weekend day. Dietary intake will be collected and analyzed using the most current version of the Nutrition Data System for Research software (NDSR) which has been used extensively in Hispanic studies.
- Maternal diet at 18 months [ Time Frame: 18 months ]
24-hour diet recalls will be conducted for one week day and one weekend day. Dietary intake will be collected and analyzed using the most current version of the Nutrition Data System for Research software (NDSR) which has been used extensively in Hispanic studies.
- Maternal diet at 24 months [ Time Frame: 24 months ]
24-hour diet recalls will be conducted for one week day and one weekend day. Dietary intake will be collected and analyzed using the most current version of the Nutrition Data System for Research software (NDSR) which has been used extensively in Hispanic studies.
- Infant diet at baseline [ Time Frame: Baseline ]
24-hour diet recalls will be conducted for one week day and one weekend day. Mothers will be interviewed to report on their infant's food intake. Dietary intake will be collected and analyzed using the most current version of the Nutrition Data System for Research software (NDSR) which has been used extensively in Hispanic studies.
- Infant diet at 6 months [ Time Frame: 6 months ]
24-hour diet recalls will be conducted for one week day and one weekend day. Mothers will be interviewed to report on their infant's food intake. Dietary intake will be collected and analyzed using the most current version of the Nutrition Data System for Research software (NDSR) which has been used extensively in Hispanic studies.
- Infant diet at 12 months [ Time Frame: 12 months ]
24-hour diet recalls will be conducted for one week day and one weekend day. Mothers will be interviewed to report on their infant's food intake. Dietary intake will be collected and analyzed using the most current version of the Nutrition Data System for Research software (NDSR) which has been used extensively in Hispanic studies.
- Infant diet at 18 months [ Time Frame: 18 months ]
24-hour diet recalls will be conducted for one week day and one weekend day. Mothers will be interviewed to report on their infant's food intake. Dietary intake will be collected and analyzed using the most current version of the Nutrition Data System for Research software (NDSR) which has been used extensively in Hispanic studies.
- Infant diet at 24 months [ Time Frame: 24 months ]
24-hour diet recalls will be conducted for one week day and one weekend day. Mothers will be interviewed to report on their infant's food intake. Dietary intake will be collected and analyzed using the most current version of the Nutrition Data System for Research software (NDSR) which has been used extensively in Hispanic studies.
- Infant diet at 36 months [ Time Frame: 36 months ]
24-hour diet recalls will be conducted for one week day and one weekend day. Mothers will be interviewed to report on their infant's food intake. Dietary intake will be collected and analyzed using the most current version of the Nutrition Data System for Research software (NDSR) which has been used extensively in Hispanic studies.
- Maternal beverage recall during last trimester of pregnancy [ Time Frame: Baseline ]
Beverage intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and water will be recalled for a typical week during the last trimester of pregnancy. Beverage recalls will indicate how many days each beverage was consumed, and how much was consumed each day.
- Maternal beverage recall at baseline [ Time Frame: Baseline ]
Beverage intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and water will be recalled for 1 week. Beverage recalls will indicate how many days each beverage was consumed, and how much was consumed each day.
- Maternal beverage recall at 6 months [ Time Frame: 6 months ]
Beverage intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and water will be recalled for 1 week. Beverage recalls will indicate how many days each beverage was consumed, and how much was consumed each day.
- Maternal beverage recall at 12 months [ Time Frame: 12 months ]
Beverage intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and water will be recalled for 1 week. Beverage recalls will indicate how many days each beverage was consumed, and how much was consumed each day.
- Maternal beverage recall at 18 months [ Time Frame: 18 months ]
Beverage intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and water will be recalled for 1 week. Beverage recalls will indicate how many days each beverage was consumed, and how much was consumed each day.
- Maternal beverage recall at 24 months [ Time Frame: 24 months ]
Beverage intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and water will be recalled for 1 week. Beverage recalls will indicate how many days each beverage was consumed, and how much was consumed each day.
- Infant beverage recall at baseline [ Time Frame: Baseline ]
Beverage intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and water will be recalled for 1 week. Beverage recalls will indicate how many days each beverage was consumed, and how much was consumed each day. Mothers will be interviewed to report on their infant's beverage intake.
- Infant beverage recall at 6 months [ Time Frame: 6 months ]
Beverage intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and water will be recalled for 1 week. Beverage recalls will indicate how many days each beverage was consumed, and how much was consumed each day. Mothers will be interviewed to report on their infant's beverage intake.
- Infant beverage recall at 12 months [ Time Frame: 12 months ]
Beverage intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and water will be recalled for 1 week. Beverage recalls will indicate how many days each beverage was consumed, and how much was consumed each day. Mothers will be interviewed to report on their infant's beverage intake.
- Infant beverage recall at 18 months [ Time Frame: 18 months ]
Beverage intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and water will be recalled for 1 week. Beverage recalls will indicate how many days each beverage was consumed, and how much was consumed each day. Mothers will be interviewed to report on their infant's beverage intake.
- Infant beverage recall at 24 months [ Time Frame: 24 months ]
Beverage intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and water will be recalled for 1 week. Beverage recalls will indicate how many days each beverage was consumed, and how much was consumed each day. Mothers will be interviewed to report on their infant's beverage intake.
- Infant beverage recall at 36 months [ Time Frame: 36 months ]
Beverage intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and water will be recalled for 1 week. Beverage recalls will indicate how many days each beverage was consumed, and how much was consumed each day. Mothers will be interviewed to report on their infant's beverage intake.
- Infant feeding score assessed by Infant Feeding Questionnaire at baseline [ Time Frame: Baseline ]
Infant feeding score will be assessed using the Baughcum Infant Feeding Questionnaire. Questions are scored using the following scale: 1-5; never, rarely, sometimes, often, always. Average scores will be used to determine the following constructs: concern about the child undereating or becoming underweight; concern about infant's hunger; awareness of infant's cues; concern about the infant becoming overweight or overeating; feeding the infant on schedule; using food to calm the infant; social interaction during feeding.
- Infant feeding score assessed by Infant Feeding Questionnaire at 6 months [ Time Frame: 6 months ]
Infant feeding score will be assessed using the Baughcum Infant Feeding Questionnaire. Questions are scored using the following scale: 1-5; never, rarely, sometimes, often, always. Average scores will be used to determine the following constructs: concern about the child undereating or becoming underweight; concern about infant's hunger; awareness of infant's cues; concern about the infant becoming overweight or overeating; feeding the infant on schedule; using food to calm the infant; social interaction during feeding.
- Infant feeding score assessed by Infant Feeding Questionnaire at 12 months [ Time Frame: 12 months ]
Infant feeding score will be assessed using the Baughcum Infant Feeding Questionnaire. Questions are scored using the following scale: 1-5; never, rarely, sometimes, often, always. Average scores will be used to determine the following constructs: concern about the child undereating or becoming underweight; concern about infant's hunger; awareness of infant's cues; concern about the infant becoming overweight or overeating; feeding the infant on schedule; using food to calm the infant; social interaction during feeding.
- Infant feeding score assessed by Infant Feeding Questionnaire at 18 months [ Time Frame: 18 months ]
Infant feeding score will be assessed using the Baughcum Infant Feeding Questionnaire. Questions are scored using the following scale: 1-5; never, rarely, sometimes, often, always. Average scores will be used to determine the following constructs: concern about the child undereating or becoming underweight; concern about infant's hunger; awareness of infant's cues; concern about the infant becoming overweight or overeating; feeding the infant on schedule; using food to calm the infant; social interaction during feeding.
- Infant feeding score assessed by Infant Feeding Questionnaire at 24 months [ Time Frame: 24 months ]
Infant feeding score will be assessed using the Baughcum Infant Feeding Questionnaire. Questions are scored using the following scale: 1-5; never, rarely, sometimes, often, always. Average scores will be used to determine the following constructs: concern about the child undereating or becoming underweight; concern about infant's hunger; awareness of infant's cues; concern about the infant becoming overweight or overeating; feeding the infant on schedule; using food to calm the infant; social interaction during feeding.
- Infant feeding style score assessed by Infant Feeding Style Questionnaire at baseline [ Time Frame: Baseline ]
Infant feeding style score will be assessed using the Thompson Infant Feeding Style Questionnaire. Questions are scored using the following scale: 1-5; disagree, slightly disagree, neutral, slightly agree, agree. Average scores will be used to determine the following constructs: laissez-faire; pressuring; restrictive; responsive; and indulgent.
- Infant feeding style score assessed by Infant Feeding Style Questionnaire at 6 months [ Time Frame: 6 months ]
Infant feeding style score will be assessed using the Thompson Infant Feeding Style Questionnaire. Questions are scored using the following scale: 1-5; disagree, slightly disagree, neutral, slightly agree, agree. Average scores will be used to determine the following constructs: laissez-faire; pressuring; restrictive; responsive; and indulgent.
- Infant feeding style score assessed by Infant Feeding Style Questionnaire at 12 months [ Time Frame: 12 months ]
Infant feeding style score will be assessed using the Thompson Infant Feeding Style Questionnaire. Questions are scored using the following scale: 1-5; disagree, slightly disagree, neutral, slightly agree, agree. Average scores will be used to determine the following constructs: laissez-faire; pressuring; restrictive; responsive; and indulgent.
- Infant feeding style score assessed by Infant Feeding Style Questionnaire at 18 months [ Time Frame: 18 months ]
Infant feeding style score will be assessed using the Thompson Infant Feeding Style Questionnaire. Questions are scored using the following scale: 1-5; disagree, slightly disagree, neutral, slightly agree, agree. Average scores will be used to determine the following constructs: laissez-faire; pressuring; restrictive; responsive; and indulgent.
- Infant feeding style score assessed by Infant Feeding Style Questionnaire at 24 months [ Time Frame: 24 months ]
Infant feeding style score will be assessed using the Thompson Infant Feeding Style Questionnaire. Questions are scored using the following scale: 1-5; disagree, slightly disagree, neutral, slightly agree, agree. Average scores will be used to determine the following constructs: laissez-faire; pressuring; restrictive; responsive; and indulgent.
- Infant behavior score assessed by Infant Behavior Questionnaire at baseline [ Time Frame: Baseline ]
Infant behavior score will be assessed using the Rothbart Infant Behavior Questionnaire. Questions are scored using the following scale: 1-7; never, very rarely, less than half the time, about half the time, more than half the time, almost always, always. Composite scores will be used to determine the following constructs: surgency/extroversion; negative affectivity; and orienting/regulation.
- Infant behavior score assessed by Infant Behavior Questionnaire at 6 months [ Time Frame: 6 months ]
Infant behavior score will be assessed using the Rothbart Infant Behavior Questionnaire. Questions are scored using the following scale: 1-7; never, very rarely, less than half the time, about half the time, more than half the time, almost always, always. Composite scores will be used to determine the following constructs: surgency/extroversion; negative affectivity; and orienting/regulation.
- Infant behavior score assessed by Infant Behavior Questionnaire at 12 months [ Time Frame: 12 months ]
Infant behavior score will be assessed using the Rothbart Infant Behavior Questionnaire. Questions are scored using the following scale: 1-7; never, very rarely, less than half the time, about half the time, more than half the time, almost always, always. Composite scores will be used to determine the following constructs: surgency/extroversion; negative affectivity; and orienting/regulation.
- Infant behavior score assessed by Infant Behavior Questionnaire at 18 months [ Time Frame: 18 months ]
Infant behavior score will be assessed using the Rothbart Infant Behavior Questionnaire. Questions are scored using the following scale: 1-7; never, very rarely, less than half the time, about half the time, more than half the time, almost always, always. Composite scores will be used to determine the following constructs: surgency/extroversion; negative affectivity; and orienting/regulation.
- Infant behavior score assessed by Infant Behavior Questionnaire at 24 months [ Time Frame: 24 months ]
Infant behavior score will be assessed using the Rothbart Infant Behavior Questionnaire. Questions are scored using the following scale: 1-7; never, very rarely, less than half the time, about half the time, more than half the time, almost always, always. Composite scores will be used to determine the following constructs: surgency/extroversion; negative affectivity; and orienting/regulation.
- Infant eating behavior score assessed by Baby Eating Behavior Questionnaire at baseline [ Time Frame: Baseline ]
Infant eating behavior score will be assessed using the Llewellyn Baby Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Questions are scored using the following scale: 1-5; never, rarely, sometimes, often, always. Average scores will be used to determine the following constructs: food responsiveness; satiety responsiveness; slowness in eating; enjoyment of food; and general appetite.
- Infant eating behavior score assessed by Baby Eating Behavior Questionnaire at 6 months [ Time Frame: 6 months ]
Infant eating behavior score will be assessed using the Llewellyn Baby Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Questions are scored using the following scale: 1-5; never, rarely, sometimes, often, always. Average scores will be used to determine the following constructs: food responsiveness; satiety responsiveness; slowness in eating; enjoyment of food; and general appetite.
- Infant eating behavior score assessed by Baby Eating Behavior Questionnaire at 12 months [ Time Frame: 12 months ]
Infant eating behavior score will be assessed using the Llewellyn Baby Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Questions are scored using the following scale: 1-5; never, rarely, sometimes, often, always. Average scores will be used to determine the following constructs: food responsiveness; satiety responsiveness; slowness in eating; enjoyment of food; and general appetite.
- Infant eating behavior score assessed by Baby Eating Behavior Questionnaire at 18 months [ Time Frame: 18 months ]
Infant eating behavior score will be assessed using the Llewellyn Baby Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Questions are scored using the following scale: 1-5; never, rarely, sometimes, often, always. Average scores will be used to determine the following constructs: food responsiveness; satiety responsiveness; slowness in eating; enjoyment of food; and general appetite.
- Infant eating behavior score assessed by Baby Eating Behavior Questionnaire at 24 months [ Time Frame: 24 months ]
Infant eating behavior score will be assessed using the Llewellyn Baby Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Questions are scored using the following scale: 1-5; never, rarely, sometimes, often, always. Average scores will be used to determine the following constructs: food responsiveness; satiety responsiveness; slowness in eating; enjoyment of food; and general appetite.
- Infant diet score assessed by Infant Diet Questionnaire at baseline [ Time Frame: Baseline ]
Infant diet will be assessed using a questionnaire which inquires about breastfeeding frequency and duration, formula type/brand/frequency, and consumption of fruit, vegetables, meat, fried foods, juice, and sweetened drinks.
- Infant diet score assessed by Infant Diet Questionnaire at 6 months [ Time Frame: 6 months ]
Infant diet will be assessed using a questionnaire which inquires about breastfeeding frequency and duration, formula type/brand/frequency, and consumption of fruit, vegetables, meat, fried foods, juice, and sweetened drinks.
- Infant diet score assessed by Infant Diet Questionnaire at 12 months [ Time Frame: 12 months ]
Infant diet will be assessed using a questionnaire which inquires about breastfeeding frequency and duration, formula type/brand/frequency, and consumption of fruit, vegetables, meat, fried foods, juice, and sweetened drinks.
- Infant diet score assessed by Infant Diet Questionnaire at 18 months [ Time Frame: 18 months ]
Infant diet will be assessed using a questionnaire which inquires about breastfeeding frequency and duration, formula type/brand/frequency, and consumption of fruit, vegetables, meat, fried foods, juice, and sweetened drinks.
- Infant diet score assessed by Infant Diet Questionnaire at 24 months [ Time Frame: 24 months ]
Infant diet will be assessed using a questionnaire which inquires about breastfeeding frequency and duration, formula type/brand/frequency, and consumption of fruit, vegetables, meat, fried foods, juice, and sweetened drinks.
- Infant development assessed by the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development at 24 months [ Time Frame: 24 months ]
Infant development will be assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development - Third Edition (BSID-3). This test is designed to assess cognitive, language, motor, social-emotional, and adaptive behavior development in infants and toddlers. This test will be administered and interpreted by trained research personnel. Subscale scores each range from 1 - 19, with higher scores indicating higher performance. Scores from 8 to 12 are considered average.
- Infant Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) brain scan at baseline [ Time Frame: Baseline ]
Infant brain will be scanned using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to measure structure and function.
- Infant Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) brain scan at 6 months [ Time Frame: 6 months ]
Infant brain will be scanned using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to measure structure and function.
- Infant development assessed by the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System at 36 months [ Time Frame: 36 months ]
Infant emotional and adaptive development will be assessed using the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System (ABAS).
- Breast milk composition at baseline [ Time Frame: Baseline ]
Breast milk will be collected from mothers at least 1½ hours since the last feeding and while the mother has fasted at least 1 hour. Samples will be analyzed for glucose, fructose, galactose, lactose and sucrose by mass spectrometry. Samples will be available for analysis of insulin, leptin, and energy content.
- Breast milk composition at 6 months [ Time Frame: 6 months ]
Breast milk will be collected from mothers at least 1½ hours since the last feeding and while the mother has fasted at least 1 hour. Samples will be analyzed for glucose, fructose, galactose, lactose and sucrose by mass spectrometry. Samples will be available for analysis of insulin, leptin, and energy content.
- Breast milk composition at 12 months [ Time Frame: 12 months ]
Breast milk will be collected from mothers at least 1½ hours since the last feeding and while the mother has fasted at least 1 hour. Samples will be analyzed for glucose, fructose, galactose, lactose and sucrose by mass spectrometry. Samples will be available for analysis of insulin, leptin, and energy content.
- Breast milk composition at 18 months [ Time Frame: 18 months ]
Breast milk will be collected from mothers at least 1½ hours since the last feeding and while the mother has fasted at least 1 hour. Samples will be analyzed for glucose, fructose, galactose, lactose and sucrose by mass spectrometry. Samples will be available for analysis of insulin, leptin, and energy content.
- Breast milk composition at 24 months [ Time Frame: 24 months ]
Breast milk will be collected from mothers at least 1½ hours since the last feeding and while the mother has fasted at least 1 hour. Samples will be analyzed for glucose, fructose, galactose, lactose and sucrose by mass spectrometry. Samples will be available for analysis of insulin, leptin, and energy content.
- Infant gut microbiome at baseline [ Time Frame: Baseline ]
Stool samples will be collected in OmniGUT gene kits and aliquoted to be stored at -80oC. Gut microbes will be analyzed using 16S sequencing.
- Infant gut microbiome at 6 months [ Time Frame: 6 months ]
Stool samples will be collected in OmniGUT gene kits and aliquoted to be stored at -80oC. Gut microbes will be analyzed using 16S sequencing.
- Infant gut microbiome at 12 months [ Time Frame: 12 months ]
Stool samples will be collected in OmniGUT gene kits and aliquoted to be stored at -80oC. Gut microbes will be analyzed using 16S sequencing.
- Infant gut microbiome at 18 months [ Time Frame: 18 months ]
Stool samples will be collected in OmniGUT gene kits and aliquoted to be stored at -80oC. Gut microbes will be analyzed using 16S sequencing.
- Infant gut microbiome at 24 months [ Time Frame: 24 months ]
Stool samples will be collected in OmniGUT gene kits and aliquoted to be stored at -80oC. Gut microbes will be analyzed using 16S sequencing.
- Infant gut microbiome at 36 months [ Time Frame: 36 months ]
Stool samples will be collected in OmniGUT gene kits and aliquoted to be stored at -80oC. Gut microbes will be analyzed using 16S sequencing.
- Maternal gut microbiome at baseline [ Time Frame: Baseline ]
Stool samples will be collected in OmniGUT gene kits and aliquoted to be stored at -80oC. Gut microbes will be analyzed using 16S sequencing.
- Maternal gut microbiome at 6 months [ Time Frame: 6 months ]
Stool samples will be collected in OmniGUT gene kits and aliquoted to be stored at -80oC. Gut microbes will be analyzed using 16S sequencing.
- Maternal gut microbiome at 12 months [ Time Frame: 12 months ]
Stool samples will be collected in OmniGUT gene kits and aliquoted to be stored at -80oC. Gut microbes will be analyzed using 16S sequencing.
- Maternal gut microbiome at 18 months [ Time Frame: 18 months ]
Stool samples will be collected in OmniGUT gene kits and aliquoted to be stored at -80oC. Gut microbes will be analyzed using 16S sequencing.
- Maternal gut microbiome at 24 months [ Time Frame: 24 months ]
Stool samples will be collected in OmniGUT gene kits and aliquoted to be stored at -80oC. Gut microbes will be analyzed using 16S sequencing.
