Evaluating the Efficacy of E-Cigarette Use for Smoking Cessation (E3) Trial
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ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02417467 |
Recruitment Status :
Completed
First Posted : April 15, 2015
Last Update Posted : January 28, 2021
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Tracking Information | ||||
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First Submitted Date ICMJE | April 1, 2015 | |||
First Posted Date ICMJE | April 15, 2015 | |||
Last Update Posted Date | January 28, 2021 | |||
Study Start Date ICMJE | November 2016 | |||
Actual Primary Completion Date | December 2019 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure) | |||
Current Primary Outcome Measures ICMJE |
Number of participants with 7-day point prevalence smoking abstinence [ Time Frame: 52 weeks ] The primary outcome measure is 7-day point prevalence smoking abstinence at 52 weeks. Smoking abstinence for this measure is defined as self-report smoking abstinence for the previous 7 days, and a measurement of exhaled carbon monoxide less than 11 ppm, at 52 weeks.
The primary end point will be analyzed on an intention-to-treat (ITT) basis.This ITT analysis assumes that those who withdrew consent or were lost to follow-up had returned to smoking at their baseline rates. This assumption is common in smoking cessation trials.
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Original Primary Outcome Measures ICMJE | Same as current | |||
Change History | ||||
Current Secondary Outcome Measures ICMJE |
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Original Secondary Outcome Measures ICMJE |
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Current Other Pre-specified Outcome Measures | Not Provided | |||
Original Other Pre-specified Outcome Measures | Not Provided | |||
Descriptive Information | ||||
Brief Title ICMJE | Evaluating the Efficacy of E-Cigarette Use for Smoking Cessation (E3) Trial | |||
Official Title ICMJE | Evaluating the Efficacy of E-Cigarette Use for Smoking Cessation (E3) Trial | |||
Brief Summary | Smoking-related diseases contribute to the death of more than 37,000 Canadians annually. Of that number, almost one-third die of cardiovascular-related causes. Smoking cessation can decrease the additional risk of heart disease by 50% after 1 year. However, even using smoking cessation therapies, only 10-20% of smokers will be able to successfully quit smoking long-term. Therefore, new and alternative treatments are needed. The e-cigarette is a battery-powered device approximately the size and shape of a cigarette that creates a smoke-free vapour which is inhaled by the user. Since it feels like smoking a cigarette, using the e-cigarette may help some smokers quit. Some e-cigarettes also contain nicotine, which can reduce withdrawal symptoms from quitting smoking. However, e-cigarettes have not been approved for use for smoking cessation by Health Canada or the FDA. Despite this, these devices are rising in popularity. A recent US Centers for Disease Control survey found that of smokers who were motivated to quit within the next 6 months, 48.5% had tried e-cigarettes. The Evaluating the Efficacy of E-Cigarette Use for Smoking Cessation (E3) Trial will be the first large trial to address the important issue of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation in Canada. The trial will randomly assign participants to receive nicotine e-cigarettes and minimal counseling, non-nicotine e-cigarettes and minimal counseling, or only minimal counseling for 12 weeks. Participants will then be followed for one year to see which (if any) group is more likely to have quit or reduced their smoking. Information about potential side effects and safety will also be collected. The E3 Trial will provide law-makers and the public with important information about the use of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation. |
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Detailed Description | I. OVERALL STUDY OBJECTIVE The Evaluating the Efficacy of E-Cigarette use for Smoking Cessation (E3) Trial is a 5-year, multi-centre, randomized controlled trial (RCT) that seeks to assess the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of nicotine and non-nicotine electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) for smoking cessation in the general population. II. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
I. RATIONALE Smoking-related diseases contribute to the death of more than 37,000 Canadians annually. Of that number, almost one-third die of cardiovascular-related causes. Smoking cessation can decrease the additional risk of heart disease by 50% after one year of abstinence. However, even using traditional smoking cessation therapies, only 10-20% of smokers will be able to successfully quit smoking long-term. Therefore, new and alternative treatments are needed. The e-cigarette is a battery-powered device approximately the size and shape of a cigarette that creates a smoke-free vapour that is inhaled by the user, and is available in nicotine and non-nicotine varieties. Its mimicry of the act of smoking gives it the potential to target the habit-forming mechanism of smoking, and to mitigate withdrawal symptoms with nicotine replacement (in the case of nicotine e-cigarettes). However, e-cigarettes have not been approved for use for smoking cessation by Health Canada or the US Food and Drug Administration. Despite this, these devices are rising in popularity. A recent survey found that of smokers motivated to within 6 months, 48.5% had tried e-cigarettes. The E3 Trial will be the first conducted in the general population of Canadian smokers motivated to quit. It will also provide the longest-term (52 weeks) follow-up data on smoking reduction and cessation in smokers motivated to quit with the e-cigarette. II. METHODS The investigators will conduct a multi-centre RCT with a treatment period of 12 weeks and follow-up of 52 weeks. A total of 486 participants will be randomized to one of three treatment arms: (1) nicotine e-cigarettes with individual counselling, (2) non-nicotine e-cigarettes with individual counselling, or (3) individual counselling alone. Eligible participants will be recruited from the general population, be at least 18 years of age, will self-identify as regular smokers (≥10 cigarettes per day for at least one year), and be motivated to quit. Participants will complete telephone follow-ups at weeks 1, 2, and 8. The participants will also return for clinic visits at weeks 4, 12, 24, and 52. Biochemically-validated smoking abstinence will be measured at all clinic visits using exhaled carbon monoxide. At follow-up calls and visits, the investigators will collect information about self-reported smoking, e-cigarette use, withdrawal symptoms, and side effects. The primary analysis will compare point-prevalence abstinence at 52 weeks between participants randomized to nicotine e-cigarettes versus individual counselling alone. Similar analyses will be conducted to compare abstinence across other trial arms. In secondary analyses, the investigators will examine point-prevalence abstinence at other follow-ups, as well as the effect of treatment group on continuous abstinence, daily cigarette consumption, and the occurrence of clinical events and side effects. A sample size of 486 was identified through power calculation, based on a 52-week point prevalence abstinence rate of 10% among participants randomized to counselling, with >80% power to detect a ≥12% absolute difference in the prevalence of smoking abstinence at 52 weeks (e.g., a prevalence of abstinence in the nicotine e-cigarette group of 22%) with a two-tailed α of 0.05. III. SIGNIFICANCE E-cigarettes are popular devices that may have the potential to facilitate smoking cessation. The E3 Trial will provide regulators, health care professionals, and smokers with important information about the efficacy and safety of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation. IV. ADDENDUM The primary endpoint was changed from 52 weeks to 12 weeks following the early termination of enrollment (77% of target enrollment) due to a delay in product manufacturing. |
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Study Type ICMJE | Interventional | |||
Study Phase ICMJE | Phase 3 | |||
Study Design ICMJE | Allocation: Randomized Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment Masking: Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor) Primary Purpose: Treatment |
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Condition ICMJE | Smoking Cessation | |||
Intervention ICMJE |
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Study Arms ICMJE |
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Publications * |
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* Includes publications given by the data provider as well as publications identified by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number) in Medline. |
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Recruitment Information | ||||
Recruitment Status ICMJE | Completed | |||
Actual Enrollment ICMJE |
376 | |||
Original Estimated Enrollment ICMJE |
486 | |||
Actual Study Completion Date ICMJE | October 1, 2020 | |||
Actual Primary Completion Date | December 2019 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure) | |||
Eligibility Criteria ICMJE | Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Sex/Gender ICMJE |
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Ages ICMJE | 18 Years and older (Adult, Older Adult) | |||
Accepts Healthy Volunteers ICMJE | Yes | |||
Contacts ICMJE | Contact information is only displayed when the study is recruiting subjects | |||
Listed Location Countries ICMJE | Canada | |||
Removed Location Countries | ||||
Administrative Information | ||||
NCT Number ICMJE | NCT02417467 | |||
Other Study ID Numbers ICMJE | E3 MOP-133727 ( Other Grant/Funding Number: CIHR ) |
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Has Data Monitoring Committee | Yes | |||
U.S. FDA-regulated Product | Not Provided | |||
IPD Sharing Statement ICMJE | Not Provided | |||
Responsible Party | Mark Eisenberg, McGill University | |||
Study Sponsor ICMJE | McGill University | |||
Collaborators ICMJE | Sir Mortimer B. Davis - Jewish General Hospital | |||
Investigators ICMJE |
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PRS Account | McGill University | |||
Verification Date | January 2021 | |||
ICMJE Data element required by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors and the World Health Organization ICTRP |