The Impact of Sucrose Ingestion During Exercise on Liver and Muscle Glycogen Concentration.

• ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02110836
• Recruitment Status: Completed
• First Posted: April 10, 2014
• Last Update Posted: August 7, 2015
• Sponsor: Javier Gonzalez, PhD
• Collaborators: University of Newcastle Upon-Tyne; Maastricht University; Sugar Nutrition, UK
• Information provided by (Responsible Party): Javier Gonzalez, PhD, Northumbria University

Tracking Information

• First Submitted Date: April 3, 2014
• First Posted Date: April 10, 2014
• Last Update Posted Date: August 7, 2015
• Study Start Date: April 2014
• Actual Primary Completion Date: September 2014 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)

Current Primary Outcome Measures (submitted: August 4, 2015)

Change in liver glycogen concentration [ Time Frame: 3 hours ]

The change in liver glycogen concentration will be determined pre-to-post 3 h of exercise using 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Original Primary Outcome Measures (submitted: April 8, 2014)

• Change in liver glycogen content [ Time Frame: 3 hours ]
  The change in liver glycogen content will be determined pre-to-post 3 h of exercise using 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
• Change in muscle glycogen content. [ Time Frame: 3 hours ]
  The change in muscle glycogen content will be determined pre-to-post 3 h of exercise using 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
• Change in intramyocellular lipid content. [ Time Frame: 3 hours ]
  The change in intramyocellular lipid content will be determined pre-to-post 3 h of exercise using 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Current Secondary Outcome Measures (submitted: August 4, 2015)

• Plasma glucose concentration. [ Time Frame: 3 hours ]
  Plasma glucose concentrations will be determined every 30 min during 3 h of exercise.
• Plasma lactate concentration [ Time Frame: 3 hours ]
  Plasma lactate concentrations will be determined every 30 min during 3 h of exercise.
• Plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentration [ Time Frame: 3 hours ]
  Plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentrations will be determined every 30 min during 3 h of exercise.
• Indirect calorimetry [ Time Frame: 3 hours ]
  Measurements of oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production and respiratory exchange ratio through indirect calorimetry measured every 30 minutes during exercise.
• Muscle glycogen concentration [ Time Frame: 3 hours ]
  The change in muscle glycogen concentration will be determined pre-to-post 3 h of exercise using 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
• Change in intramyocellular lipid concentration [ Time Frame: 3 hours ]
  The change in intramyocellular lipid concentration will be determined pre-to-post 3 h of exercise using 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Original Secondary Outcome Measures (submitted: April 8, 2014)

• Plasma glucose concentration. [ Time Frame: 3 hours ]
  Plasma glucose concentrations will be determined every 30 min during 3 h of exercise.
• Plasma lactate concentration [ Time Frame: 3 hours ]
  Plasma lactate concentrations will be determined every 30 min during 3 h of exercise.
• Plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentration [ Time Frame: 3 hours ]
  Plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentrations will be determined every 30 min during 3 h of exercise.
• Indirect calorimetry [ Time Frame: 3 hours ]
  Measurements of oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production and respiratory exchange ratio through indirect calorimetry measured every 30 minutes during exercise.

• Current Other Pre-specified Outcome Measures: Not Provided
• Original Other Pre-specified Outcome Measures: Not Provided

Descriptive Information

• Brief Title: The Impact of Sucrose Ingestion During Exercise on Liver and Muscle Glycogen Concentration.
• Official Title: Not Provided

Brief Summary

Carbohydrate is stored in the body as glycogen, which is mainly found in the liver and muscle. During endurance exercise, muscle glycogen is used as fuel for the working muscles and liver glycogen is broken down to provide glucose to maintain blood glucose (sugar) levels. Both liver and muscle glycogen are important for the ability to perform intense/prolonged endurance exercise. Therefore, nutritional strategies which can maximise the availability of glycogen in muscle and liver can benefit endurance exercise capacity.

The carbohydrates typically found in sports drinks are glucose and sometimes fructose. If glucose only is ingested during exercise, then the maximum rate at which can be absorbed from the intestine into the blood stream is ~1 g/min. However, if different sources of carbohydrate (fructose) are used, which are absorbed through a different pathway, absorption of carbohydrate can be up to ~1.8 g/min. With more carbohydrate available as a fuel, this translates into an improvement in performance.

Sucrose is a naturally occurring sugar that is made up of a single glucose and single fructose molecule. Therefore, theoretically, this can use the two different pathways of absorption and also maximise carbohydrate delivery. It is not yet known however, what impact this has on our liver and muscle glycogen stores during exercise. Therefore the aim of this study is to assess whether sucrose ingestion influences liver and muscle glycogen depletion during endurance exercise.

• Detailed Description: Not Provided
• Study Type: Interventional
• Study Phase: Not Applicable
• Study Design: Allocation: Randomized; Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment; Masking: Triple (Participant, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor); Primary Purpose: Basic Science
• Condition: Liver and Muscle Glycogen Use During Exercise.

Intervention

• Dietary Supplement: Glucose ingestion
  Glucose ingestion during exercise at 1.8 g/min
• Dietary Supplement: Sucrose ingestion
  Sucrose ingestion during exercise at 1.8 g/min

Study Arms

• Active Comparator: Glucose ingestion
  Glucose ingestion during exercise at a rate of 1.8 g/min.
  Intervention: Dietary Supplement: Glucose ingestion
• Experimental: Sucrose ingestion
  Sucrose ingestion during exercise at a rate of 1.8 g/min.
  Intervention: Dietary Supplement: Sucrose ingestion

• Publications *: Gonzalez JT, Fuchs CJ, Smith FE, Thelwall PE, Taylor R, Stevenson EJ, Trenell MI, Cermak NM, van Loon LJ. Ingestion of glucose or sucrose prevents liver but not muscle glycogen depletion during prolonged endurance-type exercise in trained cyclists. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Dec 15;309(12):E1032-9. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00376.2015. Epub 2015 Oct 20.

Recruitment Information

• Recruitment Status: Completed
• Actual Enrollment (submitted: August 4, 2015): 14
• Original Estimated Enrollment (submitted: April 8, 2014): 15
• Actual Study Completion Date: April 2015
• Actual Primary Completion Date: September 2014 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

• Healthy
• Male
• 18 - 35 years of age
• Endurance trained cyclist/triathlete
• VO2 max ≥ 50 ml/kg/min

Exclusion Criteria:

• Use of medication
• Smoking
• Metabolic disorders

Sex/Gender

• Sexes Eligible for Study: Male

• Ages: 18 Years to 35 Years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Contacts: Contact information is only displayed when the study is recruiting subjects
• Listed Location Countries: United Kingdom

Administrative Information

• NCT Number: NCT02110836
• Other Study ID Numbers: NUSUCA
• Has Data Monitoring Committee: No
• U.S. FDA-regulated Product: Not Provided
• IPD Sharing Statement: Not Provided
• Current Responsible Party: Javier Gonzalez, PhD, Northumbria University
• Original Responsible Party: Same as current
• Current Study Sponsor: Javier Gonzalez, PhD
• Original Study Sponsor: Same as current

Collaborators

• University of Newcastle Upon-Tyne
• Maastricht University
• Sugar Nutrition, UK

Investigators

• Principal Investigator: Luc van Loon, PhD; Maastricht University

• PRS Account: Northumbria University
• Verification Date: August 2015