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Schooling, Income, and HIV Risk in Malawi (SIHR)

This study is ongoing, but not recruiting participants.
Sponsor:
Collaborators:
World Bank
University of California, San Diego
University of Malawi
Information provided by (Responsible Party):
Sarah Baird, George Washington University
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
NCT01333826
First received: April 11, 2011
Last updated: August 9, 2016
Last verified: August 2016
History of Changes

April 11, 2011
August 9, 2016
September 2007
September 2012   (final data collection date for primary outcome measure)
  • Sexually Transmitted Infections [ Time Frame: 18 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
    HIV prevalence HSV-2 prevalence
  • Schooling [ Time Frame: 12 months/24 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
    school enrollment
Same as current
Complete list of historical versions of study NCT01333826 on ClinicalTrials.gov Archive Site
  • Sexually Transmitted Infections [ Time Frame: 18 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
    syphilis
  • Marriage and fertility [ Time Frame: 12 months/24 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
    ever married currently pregnant
  • sexual behavior [ Time Frame: 12 months/ 24 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
    new sexual debut unprotected sexual intercourse weekly sexual intercourse had a sexual partner 25 or older
  • HIV Awareness [ Time Frame: 12 months/24 months ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
    ever tested for HIV received health training on HIV HIV knowledge
Same as current
Not Provided
Not Provided
 
Schooling, Income, and HIV Risk in Malawi
Does Schooling Protect Young Women From HIV?
This study is designed to evaluate a two-year randomized intervention in Malawi that provides cash transfers to current schoolgirls (and young women who have recently dropped out of school) to stay in (and return to) school in order to understand the possible effects of such programs on the sexual behavior of the beneficiaries and their subsequent HIV risk.

Motivation:

Education has been suggested as a "social vaccine" to prevent the spread of HIV (Jukes, Simmons, and Bundy, 2008), but almost all of the evidence we have on the link between school attendance (or attainment) and the risk of HIV infection comes from cross-sectional studies. Furthermore, the role of income (especially that of women's poverty) has been hypothesized as a significant factor in the spread of HIV in SSA, but again there is no credible evidence showing a causal link between income and HIV risk. A randomized intervention, such as the one proposed here, that provides randomly varied amounts of cash transfers to young individuals and their guardians is the perfect setting to examine the possible existence of such causal relationships.

Objectives:

The objective of the proposed study here is to provide credible evidence on issues about which we still know very little. Specifically, the main questions the study will try to answer are the following:

  1. Are the observed effects of a CCT associated with the transfer or the conditionality imposed on the recipient?
  2. Do the outcomes of interest improve with increased benefit levels set by the program?
  3. Do CCT programs for schooling have any positive health impacts, including prevention of STIs such as HIV/AIDS among young people?
Interventional
Not Provided
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Open Label
Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • HIV
  • Schooling
  • Conditional Cash Transfers
  • Unconditional Cash Transfers
Behavioral: Zomba Cash Transfer Program
Cash transfers were provided monthly to a randomly selected sample of school aged girls. Amounts were also varied in both treatment arms.
  • Experimental: Unconditional cash transfers
    Monthly cash transfers given to households with school aged girls with no strings attached. Transfer amounts randomized within this arm.
    Intervention: Behavioral: Zomba Cash Transfer Program
  • Experimental: Conditional Cash Transfer
    Monthly cash transfers given to households with school aged girls conditional on regular school attendance (80%). Transfer amounts randomized within this arm.
    Intervention: Behavioral: Zomba Cash Transfer Program
  • No Intervention: Control Group
    No cash transfer program implemented in this group.

*   Includes publications given by the data provider as well as publications identified by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number) in Medline.
 
Active, not recruiting
3796
May 2019
September 2012   (final data collection date for primary outcome measure)

Inclusion Criteria:

  • female
  • 13-22 years old
  • never married
Female
13 Years to 22 Years   (Child, Adult)
No
Contact information is only displayed when the study is recruiting subjects
Malawi
 
NCT01333826
KCP: RF-P109215-RESE-TF090932, RSB: RF-P109215-RESE-BBRSB
No
Not Provided
Not Provided
Sarah Baird, George Washington University
George Washington University
  • World Bank
  • University of California, San Diego
  • University of Malawi
Principal Investigator: Berk Ozler, PhD World Bank
Principal Investigator: Craig T McIntosh, PhD University of California, San Diego
Principal Investigator: Sarah J Baird, PhD George Washington University
Principal Investigator: Ephraim Chirwa, PhD University of Malawi
Principal Investigator: Richard S Garfein, PhD University of California, San Diego
George Washington University
August 2016

ICMJE     Data element required by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors and the World Health Organization ICTRP