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Effect of Exenatide, Sitagliptin or Glimepiride on Functional ß -Cell Mass

This study has been completed.
Sponsor:
Collaborator:
Pennsylvania Department of Health
Information provided by (Responsible Party):
University of Pennsylvania
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
NCT00775684
First received: October 17, 2008
Last updated: January 31, 2013
Last verified: January 2013
History of Changes
October 17, 2008
January 31, 2013
October 2008
November 2012   (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)
Effect on functional beta-cell mass as determined by change in ß-cell secretory capacity [ Time Frame: 6 months ]
Same as current
Complete list of historical versions of study NCT00775684 on ClinicalTrials.gov Archive Site
  • Change in acute insulin response to arginine [ Time Frame: 6 months ]
  • Change in glucose-potentiation slope [ Time Frame: 6 months ]
  • Change in insulin sensitivity [ Time Frame: 6 months ]
  • Change in disposition index [ Time Frame: 6 months ]
  • Change in PG 50 (the plasma glucose level at which half-maximal insulin secretion is achieved during the glucose-potentiated arginine test) [ Time Frame: 6 months ]
Same as current
Not Provided
Not Provided
 
Effect of Exenatide, Sitagliptin or Glimepiride on Functional ß -Cell Mass
A Randomized, Controlled Trial Comparing the Effect of Exenatide, Sitagliptin or Glimepiride on Functional ß -Cell Mass in Patients With Impaired Fasting Glucose or Early Type 2 Diabetes
This study evaluates exenatide, sitagliptin, and glimepiride for the treatment of high blood sugar in patients with impaired fasting glucose or early type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study is to determine if exenatide and sitagliptin increase the amount of insulin made by the pancreas compared to glimepiride. It is hypothesized that exenatide or sitagliptin will sustain or increase the amount of insulin made by the pancreas in comparison to glimepiride.
The incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has reached epidemic proportions throughout the world. In the United States more than 1.5 million new cases of diabetes were diagnosed in 2005, and the estimated prevalence of the disease was over 20 million. Another 54 million Americans are believed to have impaired fasting glucose, which represents a "pre-diabetic" state at increased risk for progression to overt diabetes. T2D ultimately results from an inadequate mass of functional beta-cells, where insufficient beta-cell compensation for insulin resistance leads to the development of impaired glucose tolerance and eventually diabetes. Autopsy studies have demonstrated a decreased beta-cell mass occurring with fasting glucose > 110 mg/dl, consistent with functional studies that demonstrate decreased beta-cell (insulin) secretory capacity beginning in the range of impaired fasting glucose. Strategies that might preserve or expand functional beta-cell mass in vivo would be expected to reverse the progressive deterioration in blood glucose control seen with diabetes. One such strategy involves the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which is trophic for islet beta-cells, having both pro-proliferative and anti-apoptotic effects. However, it is not known whether increasing GLP-1 effects can preserve or enhance functional beta-cell mass in humans. This proposal will determine the effect of increasing GLP-1 levels on functional beta-cell mass in human subjects with impaired fasting glucose (fasting glucose 110 - 126 mg/dl) or early T2D (fasting glucose 127 - 149 mg/dl) where a critical window exists for reversing further beta-cell deterioration. GLP-1 effects will be promoted by administration of either the GLP-1 analog, exenatide, or by increasing endogenous GLP-1 levels through administration of the oral DPP4 inhibitor sitagliptin for a 6-month period. To control for the effect of exenatide and sitagliptin on normalization of blood glucose, subjects will be randomized to receive exenatide, sitagliptin or the sulfonylurea glimepiride, the latter being a first-line anti-diabetogenic agent that will serve as an active comparator.
Interventional
Not Provided
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Open Label
Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Pre-diabetes
  • Type 2 Diabetes
  • Drug: Exenatide
    Exenatide (Byetta®)—5 µg injected subcutaneously twice daily and increased after 1 month to 10 µg twice daily as tolerated by gastrointestinal effects
  • Drug: Sitagliptin
    Sitagliptin (Januvia®)100 mg by mouth every morning
  • Drug: Glimepiride
    Glimepiride (Amaryl®)—0.5 mg by mouth every morning and then increased by 0.5 - 1.0 mg at each monthly visit to achieve an average fasting glucose < 110mg/dl
  • Experimental: Exenatide
    Exenatide (Byetta®)—5 µg injected subcutaneously twice daily and increased after 1 month to 10 µg twice daily as tolerated by gastrointestinal effects
    Intervention: Drug: Exenatide
  • Experimental: Sitagliptin
    Sitagliptin (Januvia®)—100 mg by mouth every morning
    Intervention: Drug: Sitagliptin
  • Active Comparator: Glimepiride
    Glimepiride (Amaryl®)—0.5 mg by mouth every morning and then increased by 0.5 - 1.0 mg at each monthly visit to achieve an average fasting glucose < 110mg/dl
    Intervention: Drug: Glimepiride

*   Includes publications given by the data provider as well as publications identified by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number) in Medline.
 
Completed
47
November 2012
November 2012   (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Male and female patients age 18 to 70 years.
  2. Ability to provide written informed consent
  3. Mentally stable and able to comply with the procedures of the study protocol
  4. Clinical history compatible with impaired fasting glucose or early T2D as defined by a plasma glucose concentration between 110-159 mg/dl following a 12 hour overnight fast performed off any anti-diabetogenic agent for at least 2 weeks (6 weeks for thiazolidinediones)
  5. Stable body weight (+ 5%) for at least 2 weeks
  6. Female Patients: Agree to use adequate contraception if reproductively capable. Adequate contraception includes either a hormonal or barrier method, or surgical sterilization.

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Diagnosis of type 1 diabetes
  2. Receiving insulin, exenatide (Byetta®), or sitagliptin (Januvia®) treatment or taking > 2 oral anti-diabetogenic agents for the treatment of diabetes
  3. BMI > 44 kg/m2
  4. Allergy to any sulfa-containing compounds
  5. Uncontrolled hypertension (SBP >160 or DBP > 100 mmHg)
  6. Uncontrolled hyperlipidemia (triglycerides > 500 or LDL > 160 mg/dl)
  7. Elevation of liver function tests > 2 times the upper limit of normal
  8. Estimated GFR < 55 ml/min/1.73m2 (46)
  9. Hyperkalemia (serum potassium > 5.5 mmol/L)
  10. Moderate anemia (hemoglobin concentration < 12 g/dl in men and < 11 g/dl in women)
  11. Female patients: pregnant or lactating
  12. Hepatic cirrhosis
  13. Known active alcohol or substance abuse
  14. Active cardiovascular disease
  15. Use of any investigational agent within 6 weeks of the baseline visit
  16. Any medical condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, will interfere with the safe completion of the trial
Sexes Eligible for Study: All
18 Years to 70 Years   (Adult, Senior)
No
Contact information is only displayed when the study is recruiting subjects
United States
 
 
NCT00775684
808425
No
Not Provided
Not Provided
Not Provided
University of Pennsylvania
University of Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania Department of Health
Principal Investigator: Michael Rickels, M.D., M.S. University of Pennsylvania, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism
University of Pennsylvania
January 2013

ICMJE     Data element required by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors and the World Health Organization ICTRP