Safety, Tolerance, Pharmacokinetic and Antiviral Study of Amdoxovir in Combination With Zidovudine in Adults With HIV
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ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00432016 |
Recruitment Status :
Completed
First Posted : February 6, 2007
Last Update Posted : May 11, 2007
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Tracking Information | ||||
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First Submitted Date ICMJE | February 5, 2007 | |||
First Posted Date ICMJE | February 6, 2007 | |||
Last Update Posted Date | May 11, 2007 | |||
Study Start Date ICMJE | February 2007 | |||
Primary Completion Date | Not Provided | |||
Current Primary Outcome Measures ICMJE |
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Original Primary Outcome Measures ICMJE | Same as current | |||
Change History | ||||
Current Secondary Outcome Measures ICMJE |
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Original Secondary Outcome Measures ICMJE | Same as current | |||
Current Other Pre-specified Outcome Measures | Not Provided | |||
Original Other Pre-specified Outcome Measures | Not Provided | |||
Descriptive Information | ||||
Brief Title ICMJE | Safety, Tolerance, Pharmacokinetic and Antiviral Study of Amdoxovir in Combination With Zidovudine in Adults With HIV | |||
Official Title ICMJE | A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate Safety, Tolerance, Pharmacokinetics and Antiviral Activity of Amdoxovir and Zidovudine in Untreated HIV-1 Infected Subjects Currently Untreated | |||
Brief Summary | The purpose of this study is to determine the short term safety, tolerance, and antiviral effect of zidovudine (AZT) and amdoxovir (AMDX, DAPD) in combination, and whether the dosage for AZT can be reduced, potentially decreasing side effects, while maintaining antiviral effects. Study hypothesis: DADP in combination with AZT is safe and effective, and AZT dosing may be reduced, resulting in lower levels of AZT-monophosphate associated with toxicity and maintaining levels of AZT-triphosphate associated with efficacy. |
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Detailed Description | By 2008, market data suggest that the most commonly prescribed initial treatment regimen for HIV-1 will consist of Truvada® (FTC and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)) and Sustiva® (efavirenz (EFV)). A newly formulated drug called Atripla™ containing all three active ingredient has now been approved by the US FDA. Therefore, second line treatments that are currently in development should provide activity against resultant mutations, primarily M184V/I (17%) and much less commonly K65R (0 to 5%), and ideally prevent or be effective against mutations that may occur during second line therapy. The goal of our program is to identify an AZT/DAPD co-formulation with reduced resistance development and an improved safety profile for the treatment of HIV infections. DAPD has increased sensitivity to M184V/I strains and is active against thymidine analog mutations (TAMs) that may have occurred during previous antiretroviral regimens. AZT offers anti-K65R activity which is believed to be conferred by the 3'-azido moiety containing pseudo-sugar structure and base components of AZT. Hence, AZT could potentially be incorporated to prevent the emergence of the K65R mutation that could limit the long-term benefit of DAPD. Since nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) require intracellular phosphorylation to form their active triphosphates, it is preferable to combine NRTIs with different critical kinases. Thymidine kinase-1 is the critical enzyme for the phosphorylation of AZT to its monophosphates. The enzyme involved in the initial phosphorylation of the active metabolite of DAPD, DXG, is guanosine kinase. Nucleotide competition studies conducted using activated human peripheral blood mononuclear (PBM) cells performed with DAPD and AZT with concentrations between 0.1-10 µM demonstrated no competitive inhibition of DXG-triphosphate formation. The approved dose for AZT is 300 mg bid, and AZT is available as a 300 mg tablet or 100 mg capsule. A previous study in 10 HIV seropositive individuals comparing cellular AZT-mono, di- and tri-phosphate nucleotides at normal and reduced doses, 100 mg tid versus 300 mg bid, demonstrated a significant decrease in plasma AZT and intracellular AZT-monophosphate (AZT-MP) levels, (AZT-MP is associated with toxicity), without significant changes in AZT-triphosphate (AZT-TP) levels in activated PBM cells or antiviral activity. These findings on the effect of AZT dose on intracellular AZT-TP are supported by computer simulations. Maximal predicted cellular levels of AZT-MP and AZT-TP at steady-state, following 200 mg bid and 300 mg bid dosing in 3,000 simulated individuals demonstrated a high overlap between the AZT-TP histograms (> 85 %), suggesting similar efficacies for the 200 and 300 mg bid doses. The low degree of overlap between the AZT-MP histograms (< 8 %) for the two dose regimens, suggests that there may be fewer toxicities with the 200 mg bid dose, supporting our hypothesis that a zidovudine dose of 200 mg bid could reduce the AZT-MP levels without compromising the AZT-TP levels that would be obtained with a 300 mg bid dose. This 10 day, proof of principle, pharmacokinetic study will provide important information about reduced AZT dosing to support the development of an AZT/DAPD co-formulation which may prevent the emergence of K65R mutations. |
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Study Type ICMJE | Interventional | |||
Study Phase ICMJE | Phase 1 Phase 2 |
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Study Design ICMJE | Allocation: Randomized Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment Masking: Double Primary Purpose: Treatment |
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Condition ICMJE | HIV Infections | |||
Intervention ICMJE |
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Study Arms ICMJE | Not Provided | |||
Publications * |
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* Includes publications given by the data provider as well as publications identified by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number) in Medline. |
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Recruitment Information | ||||
Recruitment Status ICMJE | Completed | |||
Enrollment ICMJE |
24 | |||
Original Enrollment ICMJE | Same as current | |||
Actual Study Completion Date ICMJE | May 2007 | |||
Primary Completion Date | Not Provided | |||
Eligibility Criteria ICMJE | Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Sex/Gender ICMJE |
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Ages ICMJE | 18 Years and older (Adult, Older Adult) | |||
Accepts Healthy Volunteers ICMJE | No | |||
Contacts ICMJE | Contact information is only displayed when the study is recruiting subjects | |||
Listed Location Countries ICMJE | Argentina | |||
Removed Location Countries | ||||
Administrative Information | ||||
NCT Number ICMJE | NCT00432016 | |||
Other Study ID Numbers ICMJE | RFS-AMDX-203 ACA-AI-001-001 |
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Has Data Monitoring Committee | No | |||
U.S. FDA-regulated Product | Not Provided | |||
IPD Sharing Statement ICMJE | Not Provided | |||
Responsible Party | Not Provided | |||
Study Sponsor ICMJE | RFS Pharma, LLC | |||
Collaborators ICMJE | Not Provided | |||
Investigators ICMJE |
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PRS Account | RFS Pharma, LLC | |||
Verification Date | May 2007 | |||
ICMJE Data element required by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors and the World Health Organization ICTRP |