Somatostatin in Polycystic Kidney: a Long-term Three Year Follow up Study (ALADIN)

Tracking Information
First Submitted Date ICMJE	March 30, 2006
First Posted Date ICMJE	March 31, 2006
Last Update Posted Date	April 24, 2013
Study Start Date ICMJE	April 2006
Actual Primary Completion Date	January 2012 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)
Current Primary Outcome Measures ICMJE; (submitted: June 8, 2007)	Change over baseline of the total kidney volume at 1 and 3 years follow-up (estimated by gadolinium contrast enhanced and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, MRI). [ Time Frame: Basal, 1 and 3 years follow-up ]
Original Primary Outcome Measures ICMJE; (submitted: March 30, 2006)	Change over baseline of the total kidney volume at 1 and 3 years follow-up (estimated by gadolinium contrast enhanced and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, MRI).
Change History	Complete list of historical versions of study NCT00309283 on ClinicalTrials.gov Archive Site
Current Secondary Outcome Measures ICMJE; (submitted: June 8, 2007)	Absolute and percent change over baseline by MRI analysis will be compared in the two ADPKD groups at baseline, at one and three years follow-up of: [ Time Frame: Basal, 1 and 3 years follow-up ]; Total renal parenchymal volume [ Time Frame: Basal, 1 and 3 years follow-up ]; Residual renal volume [ Time Frame: Basal, 1 and 3 years follow-up ]; Renal parenchymal volume taken up by small cysts, minor of five mmcubic [ Time Frame: Basal, 1 and 3 years follow-up ]
Original Secondary Outcome Measures ICMJE; (submitted: March 30, 2006)	Absolute and percent change over baseline by MRI analysis will be compared in the two ADPKD groups at baseline, at one and three years follow-up of:; Renal cyst volume; Total renal parenchymal volume; Residual renal volume; Renal parenchymal volume taken up by small cysts, minor of five mmcubic
Current Other Outcome Measures ICMJE	Not Provided
Original Other Outcome Measures ICMJE	Not Provided
Descriptive Information
Brief Title ICMJE	Somatostatin in Polycystic Kidney: a Long-term Three Year Follow up Study
Official Title ICMJE	Effect of a Long-acting Somatostatin on Disease Progression in Nephropathy Due to Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: a Long-term Three Year Follow up Study
Brief Summary	Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is the most common hereditary renal disease, responsible for 8% to 10% of the cases of end stage renal disease (ESRD) in Western countries. At comparable levels of blood pressure control and proteinuria, patients with ADPKD have faster decline in glomerular filtration rate than those with other renal diseases and do not seem to benefit to the same extent of ACE inhibitor therapy. A reasonable explanation for the above findings is that in ADPKD progression is largely dependent on the development and growth of cysts and secondary disruption of normal tissue. Thus, renoprotective interventions in ADPKD - in addition to achieve maximal reduction of arterial blood pressure and proteinuria and to limit the effects of additional potential promoters of disease progression such as dyslipidemia, chronic hyperglycemia or smoking - should also be specifically aimed to correct the dysregulation of epithelial cell growth, secretion, and matrix interactions characteristic of the disease. Evidence that specific receptors for somatostatin are present in the kidney tissue, arises the possibility that somatostatin treatment in patients with ADPKD might inhibit fluid formation and eventually induce the shrinking of renal cysts.To evaluate the tolerability and the safety of long-acting somatostatin in ADPKD patients, a prospective cross-over controlled study has been recently performed. This pilot study demonstrated the safety of six month treatment of long-acting somatostatin in patients with ADPKD. Moreover, the percent increase of total kidney volume was significantly lower in patients on somatostatin than in placebo. Overall, these findings provide the basis for designing a long-term study in ADPKD patients aimed to document the efficacy of the somatostatin treatment in preventing further increase or even reducing the total kidney volume and the renal volume taken up by small cysts, eventually halting kidney disease progression.
Detailed Description	Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is the most common hereditary renal disease, responsible for 8% to 10% of the cases of end stage renal disease (ESRD) in Western countries. At comparable levels of blood pressure control and proteinuria, patients with ADPKD have faster decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) than those with other renal diseases and do not seem to benefit to the same extent of ACE inhibitor therapy. A reasonable explanation for the above findings is that in ADPKD progression is largely dependent on the development and growth of cysts and secondary disruption of normal tissue. Thus, renoprotective interventions in ADPKD - in addition to achieve maximal reduction of arterial blood pressure and proteinuria and to limit the effects of additional potential promoters of disease progression such as dyslipidemia, chronic hyperglycemia or smoking - should also be specifically aimed to correct the dysregulation of epithelial cell growth, secretion, and matrix interactions characteristic of the disease. The fluid filling renal cysts in human polycystic kidney is formed mainly by a secretion process of the tubular epithelium lining the cysts. Secretion and re-absorption take place at approximately the same rate, with secretion slightly higher, so that the amount of fluid in the cysts increases slowly over time. The same process, via the secondary active chloride transport, is also involved in the secretion of fluid into the lumen of proximal tubules in teleost and elasmobranch fishes. Of interest, this process of chloride transport can be markedly inhibited by somatostatin, as demonstrated in the shark rectal gland. Recently, somatostatin analogues have become available and used with negligible side effects for long-term treatment of tumors (up to 8-12 months). To evaluate the tolerability and the safety of long-acting somatostatin in ADPKD patients, a prospective cross-over controlled study has been recently performed. This pilot study demonstrated the safety of six month treatment of long-acting somatostatin in patients with ADPKD. Moreover, the percent increase of total kidney volume was significantly lower in patients on somatostatin than in placebo. Preliminary data on late stage ADPKD also suggest that loss of renal function in these patients closely correlates with the increase in kidney volume taken by small cysts (<5 mm3), but not total cyst volume. Overall, these findings provide the basis for designing a long-term study in ADPKD patients aimed to document the efficacy of the somatostatin treatment in preventing further increase or even reducing the total kidney volume and the renal volume taken up by small cysts, eventually halting kidney disease progression. Aims The general aim of the study is to compare the effects on disease progression of three year treatment with long-acting somatostatin or placebo in patients with ADPKD and normal renal function or mild to moderate renal insufficiency. Specifically, the following aims will be pursued: Primary To compare in somatostatin and placebo ADPKD groups the change over baseline of the total kidney volume at 1 and 3 years follow-up (estimated by gadolinium contrast enhanced and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, MRI). Secondary; As secondary efficacy endpoints, the following parameters (absolute and percent change over baseline by MRI analysis) will be compared in the two ADPKD groups at baseline, at 1 and 3 years follow-up: Renal cyst volume Total renal parenchymal volume Residual renal volume Renal parenchymal volume taken up by small cysts (<5 mm3); Additional functional parameters will be compared in the two groups at baseline and at 1, 2, 3 years follow-up as follows: Systolic and diastolic blood pressure GFR (plasma iohexol clearance) GFR (over baseline) RPF (plasma PAH clearance) Serum creatinine concentration Diuresis 24 h urinary protein excretion rate 24 h urinary albumin excretion rate Protein, albumin, creatinine concentrations on spot morning urine samples Protein /creatinine ratio on spot morning urine samples Albumin/creatinine ratio on spot morning urine samples Urinary sodium, urea, glucose, phosphorus concentrations (24 hr samples) Urine osmolality (calculated); Correlation analyses between MRI and functional parameters will be also performed Patients Patients enrolled in this long-term follow-up study are those with ADPKD and normal renal function or mild to moderate renal insufficiency (estimated GFR >40 ml/min/1.73 m2 by MDRD equation), no evidence of associated systemic, renal parenchymal or urinary tract disease and no specific contraindication to the study drug.
Study Type ICMJE	Interventional
Study Phase	Phase 3
Study Design ICMJE	Allocation: Randomized; Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment; Masking: Single (Participant); Primary Purpose: Treatment
Condition ICMJE	Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD)
Intervention ICMJE	Drug: Long-acting somatostatin Patients randomized to treatment will be given intramuscularly long-acting somatostatin (Sandostatin-LAR, Novartis, Basel) at the dose of 40 mg every 28 days (in two intragluteal 20 mg injections).; Other: Saline solution Patients randomized to placebo will be given intramuscularly the same volume of solvent used to dissolve somatostatin every 28 days (in two intragluteal injections).
Study Arms	Experimental: somatostatin Intervention: Drug: Long-acting somatostatin; Placebo Comparator: Saline solution Intervention: Other: Saline solution
Publications *	Caroli A, Perico N, Perna A, Antiga L, Brambilla P, Pisani A, Visciano B, Imbriaco M, Messa P, Cerutti R, Dugo M, Cancian L, Buongiorno E, De Pascalis A, Gaspari F, Carrara F, Rubis N, Prandini S, Remuzzi A, Remuzzi G, Ruggenenti P; ALADIN study group. Effect of longacting somatostatin analogue on kidney and cyst growth in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ALADIN): a randomised, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial. Lancet. 2013 Nov 2;382(9903):1485-95. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61407-5. Epub 2013 Aug 21.
* Includes publications given by the data provider as well as publications identified by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number) in Medline.
Recruitment Information
Recruitment Status ICMJE	Completed
Actual Enrollment ICMJE; (submitted: September 17, 2009)	78
Original Enrollment ICMJE; (submitted: March 30, 2006)	66
Actual Study Completion Date	January 2012
Actual Primary Completion Date	January 2012 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)
Eligibility Criteria ICMJE	Inclusion Criteria: Age>18 years; Clinical and ultrasound diagnosis of ADPKD; GFR >40 ml/min/1-73 m2 (estimated by the 4 variable MDRD equation); Written informed consent Exclusion Criteria; Diabetes; Overt proteinuria (urinary protein excretion rate >1g/24 hours) or abnormal urinalysis suggestive of concomitant, clinically significant glomerular disease; Urinary tract lithiasis, infection or obstruction; Cancer; Psychiatric disorders and any condition that might prevent full comprehension of the purposes and risks of the study; Pregnancy, lactation or child bearing potential and ineffective contraception (estrogen therapy in post menopausal women should not be stopped)
Sex/Gender	Sexes Eligible for Study: All
Ages	18 Years to 75 Years (Adult, Senior)
Accepts Healthy Volunteers	No
Contacts ICMJE	Contact information is only displayed when the study is recruiting subjects
Listed Location Countries ICMJE	Italy
Removed Location Countries
Administrative Information
NCT Number ICMJE	NCT00309283
Other Study ID Numbers ICMJE	ALADIN; 2005-005552-41 ( EudraCT Number )
Has Data Monitoring Committee	No
U.S. FDA-regulated Product	Not Provided
IPD Sharing Statement	Not Provided
Responsible Party	Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research
Study Sponsor ICMJE	Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research
Collaborators ICMJE	Not Provided
Investigators ICMJE	Principal Investigator: Norberto Perico, MD Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research
PRS Account	Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research
Verification Date	April 2013
ICMJE Data element required by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors and the World Health Organization ICTRP