Comparison of ISTp- PYRAMAX-US-RDT to IPTp-SP to Prevent Malaria in Pregnant Women in DRC (ULTRAPYRAPREG) (ULTRAPYRAPREG)
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| ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04783051 |
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Recruitment Status :
Not yet recruiting
First Posted : March 4, 2021
Last Update Posted : March 4, 2021
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In endemic settings Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) can sequester in the placenta resulting in low peripheral parasitemia and false negative malaria diagnosis in pregnant women. Intermittent Preventive Treatment in pregnant women with Sulphadoxine-Pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) is one of the World Health Organization's recommended malaria control strategies in sub-Saharan African countries. The strategy overcomes the risk of misdiagnosis of malaria in pregnant women by treating them all with SP according to predetermined schedules, but the strategy is now threatened by the spread of Plasmodium parasite resistant strains. As a necessary alternative, Intermittent Screening and Treatment in pregnancy (ISTp), aims on the monthly screening of pregnant women with a malaria rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and the treatment of positive cases with artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) regardless of the presence of symptoms. The ISTp depends on the performance of the diagnostic tests, and the use of ultrasensitive RDTs (us-RDTs), which have a higher analytical sensitivity than conventional RDTs, should improve the efficacy of the strategy.
Unlike IPTp-SP, ISTp prevents overuse of antimalarials and thus limits drug pressure on malaria parasites. This advantage could be potentiated by using, for pregnant women, an ACT that is not yet used or should not be used in the field for other strata of the population. The recently approved new ACT combination, Pyronaridine - Artesunate (Pyramax®) is the ideal candidate for this purpose.
This study will compare the effects of the ISTp using an us-RDT and Pyramax® (ISTp-US-Py) with the standard IPTp-SP on maternal malaria indicators (malaria infection, parasite density), maternal anemia, spontaneous abortions or intrauterine deaths during pregnancy, fetal morbidity (preterm birth, low birth weight, small for gestational age) and neonatal mortality at delivery in both study groups through conducting a randomized clinical trial enrolling second trimester pregnant women in Maternité Esengo Health Center, located in Kisenso, Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), a malaria perennial transmission area.
The results generated from this study will be essential for the National Malaria Control Program in the selection and implementation of new malaria control policies and addresses the effectiveness of IPTp-SP decline among pregnant women in the DRC.
| Condition or disease | Intervention/treatment | Phase |
|---|---|---|
| Malaria in Pregnancy | Drug: Sulfadoxine pyrimethamine Drug: Pyramax | Phase 3 |
1. Introduction Malaria is a threat for pregnant women and their offspring in endemic settings (1, 2). Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) can sequester in the placenta during pregnancy, resulting in low peripheral parasitemia. As a consequence, malaria diagnostic tests are often false negative in pregnant women who actually do have a Pf malaria infection (3, 4).
Intermittent Preventive Treatment in pregnant women with Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) is one of the World Health Organization (WHO)'s recommended malaria control strategies in sub-Saharan African countries (2). The IPTp-SP strategy surmounts the potential misdiagnosis of malaria in pregnant women by treating them all with SP at pre-determined schedules during the antenatal care (ANC) visits. The efficacy of IPTp-SP is dose dependent and relies on ANC coverage. However, the spread of Plasmodium SP resistant strains now threatens the efficacy of the IPTp-SP and can lead to the proliferation of placental resistant parasites in pregnant women (5-9).
As an alternative for IPTp-SP, Intermittent Screening and Treatment in pregnancy (ISTp) may be considered as an option (10). ISTp comprises of monthly screening of pregnant women with a malaria RDT and treatment of positive cases with an artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) regardless of the presence of symptoms. The ISTp depends on the performance of the diagnostic tests and the use of ultrasensitive RDTs (us-RDTs), which have a higher sensitivity than conventional RDTs (11, 12), can avoid false negative that would prevent the method from being effective.
Unlike IPTp-SP, ISTp prevents overuse of antimalarials and, thus, limits drug pressure on malaria parasites (10). This advantage could be potentiated by using an ACT that is not yet used or should not be used by the national malaria control for other strata of the population than pregnant women. Pyronaridine - Artesunate (Pyramax®), a newly approved antimalarial is the ideal candidate for this purpose in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Pyramax®, approved for use in malaria endemic countries since 2015, is used in the field to treat malaria in children and adults (13). There is little information on the safety of Pyramax® during pregnancy, however, Pyronaridine unintentionally administered successfully treated at least 40 cases of malaria in late pregnancy (14) and, a review reported that ACTs, although Pyramax® was not included in, are generally very effective and well tolerated during the second and third trimesters (15).
The hypothesis of this study is that the ISTp using Pyramax® for the treatment and performed with the us-RDT (ISTp-US-Py) is non inferior than IPTp-SP for the prevention of maternal malaria (malaria infection, parasite density), maternal anemia, spontaneous abortions or intrauterine death during pregnancy, fetal morbidity (premature birth, low birth weight, small for gestational age) and neonatal mortality at childbirth.
| Study Type : | Interventional (Clinical Trial) |
| Estimated Enrollment : | 250 participants |
| Allocation: | Randomized |
| Intervention Model: | Parallel Assignment |
| Masking: | None (Open Label) |
| Primary Purpose: | Prevention |
| Official Title: | Comparison of IST Using Ultra-sensitive Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test and Pyronaridine - Artesunate - PYRAMAX®) to Standard IPT Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine to Prevent Malaria in Pregnant Women Living in Endemic Areas |
| Estimated Study Start Date : | April 2021 |
| Estimated Primary Completion Date : | October 2023 |
| Estimated Study Completion Date : | October 2023 |
| Arm | Intervention/treatment |
|---|---|
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Active Comparator: IPTp-SP
The IPTp-SP group will be pregnant women who will receive the standard regimen recommended by the Malaria National Control Program (MNCP) at week 16, 28, 32 and 36 of their pregnancy
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Drug: Sulfadoxine pyrimethamine
Intermittent Preventive Treatment in pregnant women with Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine
Other Name: IPTp-SP |
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Experimental: ISTp-US-Py
The ISTp-US-Py group will comprise pregnant women who will be screened monthly from the beginning of the 2nd trimester with ultra-sensitive -RDT and who will be treated with Pyramax® if the test is positive
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Drug: Pyramax
Intermittent screening using ultra-sensitive malaria Rapid Diagnostic test and treatment using Pyronaridine - Artesunate (PYRAMAX®)
Other Name: ISTp-US-Py |
- The proportion of asymptomatic malaria in the 2 study arms [ Time Frame: 6 months ]Asymptomatic malaria is defined as the presence of Pf diagnosed by an us-RDT in the peripheral blood and a T°≤38°C
- The proportion symptomatic malaria in the 2 study arms [ Time Frame: 6 months ]Symptomatic malaria is be defined as the presence of Pf diagnosed by an us-RDT in the peripheral blood and a T°≥38°C
- The proportion of parasitic densities in the 2 study arms [ Time Frame: 6 months ]Parasite density is assessed by the quantification of Pf parasites in the peripheral blood of asymptomatic/symptomatic women by a thin blood smear examined by standard malaria microscopy
- The proportion of anemia in the 2 study arms [ Time Frame: 6 months ]Anemia is defined as a level of hemoglobin (Hb) <10g/dl
- The incidence of spontaneous abortions or intrauterine deaths in the 2 study arms [ Time Frame: 6 months ]Intrauterine death is defined to describe the death of the offspring in the uterus
- The proportion of fetal morbidities in the 2 study arms [ Time Frame: 6 months ]Fetal morbidity is defined as any of the following: Preterm birth (birth before 37 weeks gestation) and low-birth-weight (birth weight under 2,500 grams)
- The proportion of the neonatal and early neonatal mortality of the offspring in the 2 study arms [ Time Frame: 28 days ]The early neonatal mortality is defined as infant death at birth or within 7 days of life; And the neonatal mortality is defined as infant death within the first 28 days of life
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| Ages Eligible for Study: | 18 Years and older (Adult, Older Adult) |
| Sexes Eligible for Study: | Female |
| Gender Based Eligibility: | Yes |
| Gender Eligibility Description: | Pregnant women |
| Accepts Healthy Volunteers: | Yes |
Inclusion Criteria:
- Gestation ≥16 weeks;
- Age: ≥18 years;
- Residence within the health facility catchment area;
- Willing to adhere to study requirements and to deliver at the health facility.
- Willing to provide written informed consent; if the woman is illiterate, she can choose an impartial witness, not related to the study, to accompany her during the informant consent process and they will both sign the informed consent form
Exclusion Criteria:
- Known history of allergy to SP or to an ACT
- An ongoing antibioprophylaxis with cotrimoxazole,
- Current issue requiring hospital admission (including severe malaria as defined by WHO)
- Pregnancy at high risk
Publications:
| Responsible Party: | Vivi Maketa, Professor, University of Kinshasa |
| ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | NCT04783051 |
| Other Study ID Numbers: |
226/CNES/BN//PMMF/2020 |
| First Posted: | March 4, 2021 Key Record Dates |
| Last Update Posted: | March 4, 2021 |
| Last Verified: | March 2021 |
| Individual Participant Data (IPD) Sharing Statement: | |
| Plan to Share IPD: | Yes |
| Plan Description: | Document to be share: all IPD that underlie results in a publication |
| Supporting Materials: |
Study Protocol Statistical Analysis Plan (SAP) Clinical Study Report (CSR) |
| Time Frame: | Starting right after the publication |
| Access Criteria: | Data will be shared with any researcher who will ask via any contact of the corresponding author of any publication resulting from this clinical trial |
| Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product: | No |
| Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product: | No |
| Product Manufactured in and Exported from the U.S.: | No |
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Malaria Pregnancy IPTp-SP |
ISTp-Pyramax Kinshasa DR Congo |
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Malaria Protozoan Infections Parasitic Diseases Pyrimethamine Sulfadoxine Fanasil, pyrimethamine drug combination Antimalarials Antiprotozoal Agents |
Antiparasitic Agents Anti-Infective Agents Folic Acid Antagonists Enzyme Inhibitors Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary Renal Agents |