Multi-site Adaptive Trials for COVID-19
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| ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04370262 |
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Recruitment Status :
Completed
First Posted : April 30, 2020
Last Update Posted : December 11, 2020
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| Condition or disease | Intervention/treatment | Phase |
|---|---|---|
| COVID-19 | Drug: SOC + Intravenous Famotidine Drug: SOC + Placebo | Phase 3 |
In December 2019, the Wuhan Municipal Health Committee identified an outbreak of viral pneumonia cases of unknown cause. Coronavirus RNA was quickly identified in these patients. This novel coronavirus has been designated SARS-CoV-2, and the disease caused by this virus has been designated COVID-19 and has infected hundreds of thousands of confirmed individuals in more than 200 countries. Currently there are no approved therapeutic agents available for coronaviruses. There is an urgent need for an effective treatment to treat symptomatic patients but also to decrease the duration of virus transmission in the community. Among candidate drugs to treat COVID-19, repurposing of FDA-approved drugs for use as antiviral treatments is proposed because knowledge on safety profile, side effects, and drug interactions are well known.
In silico screening of FDA licensed compound libraries against the SARS CoV 2 protease Plpro catalytic site was performed using solved crystal structures of the protein. Plpro (Papain-like protease) is an early acting protease responsible for initial processing of the SARS CoV2 polyprotein into active subunits. Plpro also has ubiquitinase activity, and is implicated in early infection phase inhibition of innate (interferon) immune responses which otherwise would suppress viral replication. A ranked list of licensed compounds with predicted binding activity in the Plpro catalytic site was computationally generated, and the Plpro catalytic site binding pose of each of the top compounds was examined and ranked by a team of pharmaceutical chemists. Package inserts or product monographs for the licensed compounds which generated high computational binding scores and passed inspection were then reviewed and used to rank compounds based on adverse events, warnings, drug interactions on-target mechanisms, pharmacokinetic and absorption, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET), protein binding and available therapeutic window considerations. Famotidine (Pepcid), a histamine H2 antagonist widely available over-the-counter, was repeatedly computationally scored among the highest of the compounds tested, and was associated with the most favorable pharmacokinetic and safety profile. A series of analogs of famotidine were generated using PubChem, and many of these scored even higher as potential candidates. This control compound set further confirmed the predicted binding of the molecular backbone chemotype at the Plpro protease/ubiquitinase site. Currently available as oral and IV products, famotidine has a very attractive proven safety, drug interaction, and therapeutic window profile. Samples of famotidine have been submitted at Southern Research and IITRI for in vitro testing in COVID-19 cultures. Unpublished anecdotal case studies suggest clinical benefits associated with administration of famotidine 40 mg PO TID in mild COVID-19 infection.
On 29 April 2020, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) announced that Remdesivir was better than placebo in reducing time to recovery for people hospitalized with advanced COVID-19 and lung involvement. In an earlier study of adult patients admitted to a hospital for severe COVID-19, Remdesivir was not associated with statistically significant clinical benefits. In that study, Remdesivir was not associated with a difference in time to clinical improvement. Although not statistically significant, patients receiving Remdesivir had a numerically faster time to clinical improvement than those receiving placebo among patients with symptom duration of 10 days or less. Remdesivir was stopped early because of higher numbers of adverse events compared to placebo. Because of these studies the FDA stated on 1 May 2020, that it is "reasonable to believe" that known and potential benefits of Remdesivir outweigh its known and potential risks, in some specific populations hospitalized with severe COVID-19.
Given the refinement of standard of care to include Remdesivir and no longer hydroxychloroquine, we have edited the study protocol to reflect this new standard of care.
| Study Type : | Interventional (Clinical Trial) |
| Actual Enrollment : | 233 participants |
| Allocation: | Randomized |
| Intervention Model: | Parallel Assignment |
| Intervention Model Description: | Randomized, Double-Blind Comparative Trial |
| Masking: | Triple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator) |
| Primary Purpose: | Treatment |
| Official Title: | A Multi-site, Randomized, Double-Blind, Comparative Trial of the Safety and Efficacy of Standard of Care (SOC) Plus Famotidine vs SOC Plus Placebo for the Treatment of COVID-19 in Hospitalized Adults |
| Actual Study Start Date : | April 7, 2020 |
| Actual Primary Completion Date : | September 7, 2020 |
| Actual Study Completion Date : | September 7, 2020 |
| Arm | Intervention/treatment |
|---|---|
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Active Comparator: SOC/Famotidine
Subjects in this study arm will receive a combination of Standard of Care (SOC) treatment and intravenous famotidine. Famotidine Injection, 10mg/mL mixed with Normal Saline is given intravenously at 120mg (30% of 400 mg oral dose). The total daily dose proposed is 360mg/day famotidine IV for a maximum of 14 days, or hospital discharge, whichever comes first. SOC will be administered as per the current clinical protocol for COVID-19.
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Drug: SOC + Intravenous Famotidine
Standard of Care treatment plus IV famotidine |
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Placebo Comparator: SOC/Placebo
Subjects in this arm will receive the current Standard of Care treatment for COVID-19; plus placebo infusion three times daily.
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Drug: SOC + Placebo
Standard of Care treatment plus IV placebo |
- Mortality [ Time Frame: 30 days post hospitalization ]Mortality status
- Virologic response to study treatment detected in blood [ Time Frame: Day 30 relative to admission Day 0 ]Percent change in PCR copy number from first measurement
- Virologic clearance in nasal swab and/or lower respiratory secretions [ Time Frame: Day 6 and Day 30 ]Presence or absence of SARS-CoV-2 Viral RNA in Nasopharyngeal swab or lower respiratory secretions
- Clinical Severity [ Time Frame: Measured on study Days 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 30. ]Measured by 7-point ordinal scale: from (1) death, to (7) not hospitalized, no limit on daily activities
- Clinical Severity [ Time Frame: Measured on study Days 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 30. ]Measured by National Early Warning Score (NEWS): vital sign based score from 0-20, higher score indicates higher degree of illness
- Clinical Severity [ Time Frame: Measured on study Days 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 30. ]Measured by duration of use of supplemental oxygen (if applicable)
- Clinical Severity [ Time Frame: Measured on study Days 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 30. ]Measured by duration of use of mechanical ventilation (if applicable)
- Clinical Severity [ Time Frame: Measured on study Days 3, 5, 8, 11, 15 and 30. ]Measured by duration of hospitalization
- Incidence of New Onset Lymphopenia [ Time Frame: Through study completion, average of 30 days ]Incidence of new onset lymphopenia during hospitalization measured by blood draw
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies.
| Ages Eligible for Study: | 18 Years and older (Adult, Older Adult) |
| Sexes Eligible for Study: | All |
| Accepts Healthy Volunteers: | No |
Inclusion Criteria:
- Subject (or legally authorized representative) provides written informed consent prior to initiation of any study procedures.
- Understands and agrees to comply with planned study procedures.
- Male or non-pregnant female adult ≥18 years of age at time of enrollment.
- Subject consents to randomization within 36 hours of hospital admission.
- Has radiographic confirmed COVID-19 disease < 72 hours prior to randomization.
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Illness of any duration, and at least one of the following:
- Radiographic infiltrates by imaging (chest x-ray, CT scan, etc.), OR
- Clinical assessment (evidence of rales/crackles on exam) AND SpO2 ≤ 94% on room air, OR
- Requiring mechanical ventilation and/or supplemental oxygen.
- Subjects do not require laboratory confirmation of the corona virus SARS-CoV-2 to determine eligibility
- Women of childbearing potential must agree to use at least one primary form of contraception for the duration of the study (acceptable methods will be determined by the site).
Exclusion Criteria:
- Mild COVID-19 disease (minor clinical symptoms, imaging does not show signs of lung inflammation)
- Recent history of or any in-hospital exposure to investigational medications targeting COVID-19, or concurrent participation in a clinical trial targeting COVID-19
- ALT/AST > 5 times the upper limit of normal.
- Moderate renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance 30-50 mL/min) OR Stage 4 severe chronic kidney disease OR requiring dialysis (i.e. creatinine clearance <30 mL/min)
- History of or evidence of QT prolongation on ECG examination
- History of psoriasis or porphyria
- Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) is < 2000 mm3
- Pregnancy
- History of hepatic disease, Hepatitis C infection, or alcoholism
- History of G-6-PD (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) deficiency
- Concomitant use of the following medications: atazanavir, dasatinib, neratinib, ozanimod, pazopanib, rilpivirine, siponimod, and/or tizanidine.
- Anticipated transfer to another hospital which is not a study site within 72 hours.
- Allergy to any study medication
- Known to be immunocompromised by disease or treatment for existing disease
To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT04370262
| United States, New York | |
| Southside Hospital | |
| Bay Shore, New York, United States, 11706 | |
| North Shore University Hospital | |
| Manhasset, New York, United States, 11030 | |
| Northern Westchester Hospital | |
| Mount Kisco, New York, United States, 10549 | |
| Lenox Hill Hospital | |
| New York, New York, United States, 10075 | |
| Long Island Jewish Medical Center | |
| Queens, New York, United States, 11040 | |
| Principal Investigator: | Joseph Conigliaro, MD | Northwell Health |
Publications automatically indexed to this study by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number):
| Responsible Party: | Joseph Conigliaro, Vice Chairperson, Medicine, General Internal Medicine, Northwell Health |
| ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | NCT04370262 |
| Other Study ID Numbers: |
20-0268 |
| First Posted: | April 30, 2020 Key Record Dates |
| Last Update Posted: | December 11, 2020 |
| Last Verified: | December 2020 |
| Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product: | Yes |
| Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product: | No |
| Product Manufactured in and Exported from the U.S.: | No |
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COVID-19 Coronavirus Famotidine |
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COVID-19 Pneumonia, Viral Pneumonia Respiratory Tract Infections Infections Virus Diseases Coronavirus Infections Coronaviridae Infections Nidovirales Infections RNA Virus Infections Lung Diseases |
Respiratory Tract Diseases Famotidine Anti-Ulcer Agents Gastrointestinal Agents Histamine H2 Antagonists Histamine Antagonists Histamine Agents Neurotransmitter Agents Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action Physiological Effects of Drugs |