Will Hydroxychloroquine Impede or Prevent COVID-19 (WHIP COVID-19)
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The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. Read our disclaimer for details. |
| ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04341441 |
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Recruitment Status :
Terminated
(Interim analysis did not reveal any safety concerns by the DSMB, but unblinded data did not provide support to continue. Event rate did not meet projected magnitude; given low recruitment potential, it is unlikely that a positive result will occur.)
First Posted : April 10, 2020
Results First Posted : June 21, 2022
Last Update Posted : June 21, 2022
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This is a prospective, multi-site study designed to evaluate whether the use of hydroxychloroquine in healthcare workers (HCW), Nursing Home Workers (NHW), first responders (FR), and Detroit Department of Transportation bus drivers (DDOT) in SE, Michigan, can prevent the acquisition, symptoms and clinical COVID-19 infection
The primary objective of this study is to determine whether the use of daily or weekly oral hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) therapy will prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 viremia and clinical COVID-19 infection healthcare workers (HCW) and first responders (FR) (EMS, Fire, Police, bus drivers) in Southeast Michigan.
Preventing COVID-19 transmission to HCW, FR, and Detroit Department of Transportation (DDOT) bus drivers is a critical step in preserving the health care and first responder force, the prevention of COVID-19 transmission in health care facilities, with the potential to preserve thousands of lives in addition to sustaining health care systems and civil services both nationally and globally. If efficacious, further studies on the use of hydroxychloroquine to prevent COVID-19 in the general population could be undertaken, with a potential impact on hundreds of thousands of lives.
| Condition or disease | Intervention/treatment | Phase |
|---|---|---|
| COVID-19 Coronavirus Coronavirus Infections SARS-CoV 2 | Drug: Hydroxychloroquine - Daily Dosing Drug: Hydroxychloroquine - Weekly Dosing Other: Placebo oral tablet Diagnostic Test: Monitoring Visit - Baseline Diagnostic Test: Monitoring Visit - Week 4 Diagnostic Test: Monitoring Visit - Week 8 Other: Weekly Assessment | Phase 3 |
The study will randomize a total of 3,000 HCW, NHW, FR and DDOT bus drivers within Henry Ford Hospital System, the Detroit COVID Consortium in Southeast, Michigan. The participants will be randomized in a 1:1:1 blinded comparison of daily HCQ, weekly HCQ, or placebo. A fourth non-randomized comparator group of HCW, NHW, DDOT bus drivers, and FR who are currently on standard HCQ therapy will be recruited to assess the impact of weightbased daily dosing of HCQ as compared to the randomized arms.
Eligible participants who are asymptomatic for pre-specified signs and symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 infection will have a whole blood specimen obtained at study entry.
Participants will be provided with weekly dosing of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) 400mg po q weekly, daily dosing of HCQ 200mg po q daily following a loading dose of 400mg day 1, or placebo. Participants will receive monitoring at each study week visit to assess for the development of COVID-19 related symptoms, COVID-19 clinical disease, and medication side effects. At week 8 or if diagnosed positive, participants will provide additional samples of whole blood and complete the final study questionnaire.
Data including demographic, clinical results, work duties, location of main work area and possible exposures in the community will be collected through questionnaires and EMR review. Disease-specific, immunologic, and other serologic marker data will be obtained from stored samples.
| Study Type : | Interventional (Clinical Trial) |
| Actual Enrollment : | 624 participants |
| Allocation: | Randomized |
| Intervention Model: | Parallel Assignment |
| Intervention Model Description: | This is a prospective, multi-site study designed to evaluate whether the use of hydroxychloroquine in healthcare workers (HCW) and first responders (FR) in southeast (SE) Michigan, can prevent the acquisition, symptoms and clinical COVID-19 infection. The study will randomize a total of 3,000 Healthcare Workers and First Responders, age ≥18 years or older, through the Henry Ford Health System, Detroit COVID Consortium. The participants who meeting study entry criteria and are not on HCQ prior to study enrollment will be randomized in a 1:1:1 blinded comparison of daily or weekly oral hydroxychloroquine versus oral placebo for 8 weeks. A fourth non-randomized comparator group will be enrolled in the study comprising of HCW who are chronically on HCQ as part of their standard of care for their autoimmune disease(s). This will be an open enrollment group and will provide information of chronic weight-based daily therapy of HCQ effectiveness as a prophylactic/preventive strategy. |
| Masking: | Triple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator) |
| Masking Description: | Blinded randomization will be performed by the Henry Ford Hospital Public Health Sciences investigators once the participants are determined to be eligible for enrollment. Randomization will be stratified by study site and risk of exposure based on location of work and type of work. Once enrolled, each Participant will be assigned a unique identifier (detailed in the full protocol). This number, along with the assigned site number, will constitute the Subject Identifier (Subject ID). |
| Primary Purpose: | Prevention |
| Official Title: | Will Hydroxychloroquine Impede or Prevent COVID-19: WHIP COVID-19 Study |
| Actual Study Start Date : | April 7, 2020 |
| Actual Primary Completion Date : | December 15, 2020 |
| Actual Study Completion Date : | December 15, 2020 |
| Arm | Intervention/treatment |
|---|---|
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Active Comparator: Study Drug - Daily Dose
The daily hydroxychloroquine treatment arm will receive a 200 mg oral dose daily following day 1 dose of 400 mg orally once. This dose represents approximately half the standard weight-based dosing recommended for management of autoimmune diseases and therefore less likely to produce side effects than standard of care.
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Drug: Hydroxychloroquine - Daily Dosing
The daily hydroxychloroquine treatment arm will receive a 200 mg oral dose daily following day 1 dose of 400 mg orally once. This dose represents approximately half the standard weight-based dosing recommended for management of autoimmune diseases and therefore less likely to produce side effects than standard of care. All treatment groups will receive placebo pills to have the patients take 2 pills a day. Other Names:
Diagnostic Test: Monitoring Visit - Baseline Face-to-face monitoring visit to obtain monitoring questionnaires to assess for COVID-19 symptoms/diagnosis, adherence and medication side effects, and collect study blood samples. Three (3) blood specimens will be collected from each Participant using the sterile procedure as routine standard of care. A total of five (5) 10 mL tubes of whole blood will be collected at each timepoint.
Other Name: Baseline Monitoring Visit Diagnostic Test: Monitoring Visit - Week 4 Face-to-face monitoring visit to obtain monitoring questionnaires to assess for COVID-19 symptoms/diagnosis, adherence and medication side effects, and collect study blood samples. Three (3) blood specimens will be collected from each Participant using the sterile procedure as routine standard of care. A total of five (5) 10 mL tubes of whole blood will be collected at each timepoint.
Other Name: Week 4 - Monitoring Visit Diagnostic Test: Monitoring Visit - Week 8 Face-to-face monitoring visit to obtain monitoring questionnaires to assess for COVID-19 symptoms/diagnosis, adherence and medication side effects, and collect study blood samples. Three (3) blood specimens will be collected from each Participant using the sterile procedure as routine standard of care. A total of five (5) 10 mL tubes of whole blood will be collected at each timepoint.
Other Name: Week 8 - Monitoring Visit Other: Weekly Assessment Participants will be asked to contact the study team if COVID-19 infection is established at any time during the study. For study weeks 1,2,3,5,6 &7, Participants will receive a monitoring questionnaire to assess for COVID-19 symptoms/diagnosis, adherence and medication side effects. These monitoring visits will be done by telephone and/or electronic encounters (virtual visits, email), whichever method the patient prefers to encourage adherence to the monitoring.
Other Name: Monitoring Call |
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Active Comparator: Study Drug - Weekly Dose
The once weekly randomized treatment arm will receive the proposed dose of hydroxychloroquine for prophylaxis of malaria is 6.5 mg/kg per dose (maximum of 400mg per dose) administered orally weekly on the same day of each week. This is based on the recommended dose for prophylaxis of malaria.
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Drug: Hydroxychloroquine - Weekly Dosing
The once weekly randomized treatment arm will receive the proposed dose of hydroxychloroquine for prophylaxis of malaria is 6.5 mg/kg per dose (maximum of 400 mg per dose) administered orally weekly on the same day of each week. This is based on the recommended dose for prophylaxis of malaria All treatment groups will receive placebo pills to have the patients take 2 pills a day. Other Name: Weekly Oral Dosing Diagnostic Test: Monitoring Visit - Baseline Face-to-face monitoring visit to obtain monitoring questionnaires to assess for COVID-19 symptoms/diagnosis, adherence and medication side effects, and collect study blood samples. Three (3) blood specimens will be collected from each Participant using the sterile procedure as routine standard of care. A total of five (5) 10 mL tubes of whole blood will be collected at each timepoint.
Other Name: Baseline Monitoring Visit Diagnostic Test: Monitoring Visit - Week 4 Face-to-face monitoring visit to obtain monitoring questionnaires to assess for COVID-19 symptoms/diagnosis, adherence and medication side effects, and collect study blood samples. Three (3) blood specimens will be collected from each Participant using the sterile procedure as routine standard of care. A total of five (5) 10 mL tubes of whole blood will be collected at each timepoint.
Other Name: Week 4 - Monitoring Visit Diagnostic Test: Monitoring Visit - Week 8 Face-to-face monitoring visit to obtain monitoring questionnaires to assess for COVID-19 symptoms/diagnosis, adherence and medication side effects, and collect study blood samples. Three (3) blood specimens will be collected from each Participant using the sterile procedure as routine standard of care. A total of five (5) 10 mL tubes of whole blood will be collected at each timepoint.
Other Name: Week 8 - Monitoring Visit Other: Weekly Assessment Participants will be asked to contact the study team if COVID-19 infection is established at any time during the study. For study weeks 1,2,3,5,6 &7, Participants will receive a monitoring questionnaire to assess for COVID-19 symptoms/diagnosis, adherence and medication side effects. These monitoring visits will be done by telephone and/or electronic encounters (virtual visits, email), whichever method the patient prefers to encourage adherence to the monitoring.
Other Name: Monitoring Call |
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Active Comparator: Placebo
All treatment groups will receive placebo pills to have the patients take 2 pills a day. The randomized placebo arm will receive placebo pills made to resemble the daily dosing of HCQ. Similarly, the once a week treatment arm will receive placebo pills for the days not on HCQ medication.
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Other: Placebo oral tablet
Participants randomized to this arm will be provided with daily dosing of oral placebo to have the patients take 2 pills a day.. Participants will receive a monitoring phone call at 4 weeks post study entry to monitor for COVID-19 symptoms and medication side effects. At week 8, participants will provide additional samples of whole blood. Additional studies will include serology, inflammatory and other disease associated markers. Clinical data and location of main work area will be collected. Other Name: Placebo Diagnostic Test: Monitoring Visit - Baseline Face-to-face monitoring visit to obtain monitoring questionnaires to assess for COVID-19 symptoms/diagnosis, adherence and medication side effects, and collect study blood samples. Three (3) blood specimens will be collected from each Participant using the sterile procedure as routine standard of care. A total of five (5) 10 mL tubes of whole blood will be collected at each timepoint.
Other Name: Baseline Monitoring Visit Diagnostic Test: Monitoring Visit - Week 4 Face-to-face monitoring visit to obtain monitoring questionnaires to assess for COVID-19 symptoms/diagnosis, adherence and medication side effects, and collect study blood samples. Three (3) blood specimens will be collected from each Participant using the sterile procedure as routine standard of care. A total of five (5) 10 mL tubes of whole blood will be collected at each timepoint.
Other Name: Week 4 - Monitoring Visit Diagnostic Test: Monitoring Visit - Week 8 Face-to-face monitoring visit to obtain monitoring questionnaires to assess for COVID-19 symptoms/diagnosis, adherence and medication side effects, and collect study blood samples. Three (3) blood specimens will be collected from each Participant using the sterile procedure as routine standard of care. A total of five (5) 10 mL tubes of whole blood will be collected at each timepoint.
Other Name: Week 8 - Monitoring Visit Other: Weekly Assessment Participants will be asked to contact the study team if COVID-19 infection is established at any time during the study. For study weeks 1,2,3,5,6 &7, Participants will receive a monitoring questionnaire to assess for COVID-19 symptoms/diagnosis, adherence and medication side effects. These monitoring visits will be done by telephone and/or electronic encounters (virtual visits, email), whichever method the patient prefers to encourage adherence to the monitoring.
Other Name: Monitoring Call |
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Active Comparator: Non-Randomized Active Comparator
A non-randomized comparator group will be enrolled in the study comprising of healthcare workers and first responders who are chronically on oral hydroxychloroquine as part of their standard of care for their autoimmune disease(s). This will be an open enrollment group and will provide information of chronic weight-based daily therapy of HCQ effectiveness as a prophylactic/preventive strategy.
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Diagnostic Test: Monitoring Visit - Baseline
Face-to-face monitoring visit to obtain monitoring questionnaires to assess for COVID-19 symptoms/diagnosis, adherence and medication side effects, and collect study blood samples. Three (3) blood specimens will be collected from each Participant using the sterile procedure as routine standard of care. A total of five (5) 10 mL tubes of whole blood will be collected at each timepoint.
Other Name: Baseline Monitoring Visit Diagnostic Test: Monitoring Visit - Week 4 Face-to-face monitoring visit to obtain monitoring questionnaires to assess for COVID-19 symptoms/diagnosis, adherence and medication side effects, and collect study blood samples. Three (3) blood specimens will be collected from each Participant using the sterile procedure as routine standard of care. A total of five (5) 10 mL tubes of whole blood will be collected at each timepoint.
Other Name: Week 4 - Monitoring Visit Diagnostic Test: Monitoring Visit - Week 8 Face-to-face monitoring visit to obtain monitoring questionnaires to assess for COVID-19 symptoms/diagnosis, adherence and medication side effects, and collect study blood samples. Three (3) blood specimens will be collected from each Participant using the sterile procedure as routine standard of care. A total of five (5) 10 mL tubes of whole blood will be collected at each timepoint.
Other Name: Week 8 - Monitoring Visit Other: Weekly Assessment Participants will be asked to contact the study team if COVID-19 infection is established at any time during the study. For study weeks 1,2,3,5,6 &7, Participants will receive a monitoring questionnaire to assess for COVID-19 symptoms/diagnosis, adherence and medication side effects. These monitoring visits will be done by telephone and/or electronic encounters (virtual visits, email), whichever method the patient prefers to encourage adherence to the monitoring.
Other Name: Monitoring Call |
- To Determine if the Use of Hydroxychloroquine as Preventive Therapy Decreases the Rate of Acquisition of SARS-CoV 2 Infections With Clinical COVID-19 Disease in Study Participants for Each Randomized Treatment Arm as Compared to Placebo. [ Time Frame: 8 Weeks ]The rate of acquisition of SARS-CoV 2 infections and clinical COVID-19 disease (number of events) in study participants for each randomized hydroxychloroquine treatment arm was compared to the placebo treatment arm. This included both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients.
- Determine the Effect of Hydroxychloroquine Dose in the Prevention of COVID-19 Viremia and Disease. [ Time Frame: 8 Weeks ]Compare the rates of SARS-CoV 2 symptomatic infections (number of events with both symptoms and positive test for COVID-19) between the randomized hydroxychloroquine treatment arms and the placebo control arm to determine the effect of HCQ dose in the prevention of COVID-19 viremia and disease. This analysis only includes only the randomized arms in the study (Study Drug - Daily Dose, Study Drug - Weekly Dose, and Placebo).
- Assess the Impact of Chronic Weight-based Dosing of HCQ for COVID-19 Prevention. [ Time Frame: 8 Weeks ]Compare the rates of SARS-CoV 2 infections (number of events of symptomatic patients with a positive COVID-19 test) in the non-randomized comparator arm to the randomized hydroxychloroquine and placebo arms to assess the impact of chronic weight-based dosing of HCQ for COVID-19 prevention via weekly questionnaire and/or blood samples. This analysis includes all randomized and non-randomized groups in the study.
- Comparison of the Rate of SARS-CoV 2 Infections as Measured by IgM/IgG Seroconversion in Study Participants Receiving Randomized HCQ Versus Placebo. [ Time Frame: 8 Weeks ]Measurement of the rate of SARS-CoV 2 infections as measured by IgM/IgG seroconversion in study participants receiving randomized HCQ versus placebo via blood samples in the randomized arms of the study (Study Drug - Daily Dose, Study Drug - Weekly Dose, and Placebo).
- Compare the Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV 2 IgM and/or IgG Positive Samples at Study Entry and Study Conclusion in All Participants Receiving HCQ Compared to Those Receiving Placebo. [ Time Frame: 8 Weeks ]Measurement of the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV 2 IgM and/or IgG positive samples in all arms of the study, randomized and non-randomized (Study Drug - Daily Dose, Study Drug - Weekly Dose, Placebo, and Non-Randomized Active Comparator).
- Comparison of the Emergence of Clinical Symptoms or COVID-19 Diagnosis in Participants Presenting Asymptomatically at Study Entry But Identified as Seropositive by Serology at Entry Between the Randomized Treatment Arms and Comparator Arm. [ Time Frame: 8 Weeks ]Measurement of the emergence of clinical symptoms or COVID-19 diagnosis in participants presenting asymptomatically at study entry but identified as seropositive by serology at entry between the randomized treatment arms and comparator arm and via weekly questionnaire and/or blood samples.
- To Examine the Level of Care Needed by Participants in Each Arm Developing COVID19 as Measured as Requiring Emergency Room Visit, Hospitalization or Able to Stay Home Without Hospital Care. [ Time Frame: 8 Weeks ]Review of the level of care needed by participants in each arm developing COVID19 as measured as requiring emergency room visit, hospitalization or able to stay home without hospital care via weekly questionnaire.
- Determine the Safety and Tolerability of HCQ Dosing for Preventive Strategy Against COVID-19 as Measured by Adverse Events and Serious Adverse Events. [ Time Frame: 8 Weeks ]Measurement of the safety and tolerability of HCQ dosing for preventive strategy against COVID-19 as measured by adverse events and serious adverse events reported via weekly questionnaire.
- To Examine Other Clinical Factors Contributing to the Risk of SARS-CoV 2 Infection in Healthcare Workers and First Responders. [ Time Frame: 8 Weeks ]Examination of other clinical factors contributing to the risk of SARS-CoV 2 infection including demographics, work type and location, positive COVID-19 partners, possible exposures and clinical symptoms via study visits and weekly questionnaire.
- Examine the Correlation Between HCQ Drug Levels and Development of COVID-19 Symptoms or Positive COVID-19 Test Results. [ Time Frame: 8 Weeks ]Examination of the correlation between HCQ drug levels and development of COVID-19 clinical symptoms and/or positive COVID-19 test results via weekly subject questionnaire and/or blood samples.
- Identify Immunologic, Serological and Inflammatory Markers Associated With Acquisition and Response to COVID-19 in Both HCQ and Placebo Participants Developing Laboratory or Clinical Confirmed Disease. [ Time Frame: 8 weeks ]Identification of immunologic, serological and inflammatory markers associated with acquisition and response to COVID-19 in both HCQ and placebo Participants developing laboratory or clinical confirmed disease via study visits, weekly questionnaire, and blood samples.
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies.
| Ages Eligible for Study: | 18 Years to 75 Years (Adult, Older Adult) |
| Sexes Eligible for Study: | All |
| Accepts Healthy Volunteers: | Yes |
Inclusion Criteria:
- Participant is willing and able to provide informed consent.
- Participant is 18-75 years of age.
- Participant does not have symptoms of respiratory infection, including cough, fevers (temperature >38.0C), difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, chest pains, malaise, myalgia, headaches, nausea or vomiting, or other symptoms associated with COVID-19.
- Participant is willing to provide blood samples for the study.
- Subject agrees to all aspects of the study.
- The participant has no known allergies or contraindications (as stated in the consent form) to the use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) as noted in the exclusion criteria and Pharmacy sections.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Does not meet inclusion criteria.
- Participant unable or unwilling to provide informed consent.
- Participant has any of the symptoms above or screens positive for possible COVID-19 disease.
- Participant is currently enrolled in a study to evaluate an investigational drug.
- Vulnerable populations deemed inappropriate for study by the site Principal Investigator.
- The participant has a known allergy/hypersensitivity or has a medication or co-morbidity (including history of gastric bypass, epilepsy, cardiovascular disease or renal failure) that prevents the use of HCQ (see pharmacy section).
- The participant is a woman of childbearing age whose pregnancy status is unknown and is not willing to use 2 methods of contraception.
- The participant is pregnant or nursing.
- The participant was diagnosed with retinopathy prior to study entry.
- The participant has a diagnosis of porphyria prior to study entry.
- The participant has renal failure with a creatinine clearance of <10 ml/min, pre-dialysis or requiring dialysis.
- The Participant has a family history of Sudden Cardiac Death.
- The participant is currently on diuretic therapy.
- The participant has a history of known Prolonged QT Syndrome.
- The participant is already taking any of the following medications: Abiraterone acetate, Agalsidase, Amodiaquine, Azithromycin, Conivaptan, Dabrafenib, Dacomitinib, Dapsone (Systemic), Digoxin, Enzalutamide, Fusidic Acid (Systemic), Idelalisib, Lanthanum, Lumefantrine, Mefloquine, Mifepristone, Mitotane, Pimozide, QT-prolonging Agents, Stiripentol).
To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT04341441
| United States, Michigan | |
| Henry Ford Hospital | |
| Detroit, Michigan, United States, 48202 | |
| Principal Investigator: | William W O'Neill, MD | Henry Ford Health System | |
| Study Director: | Dee Dee Wang, MD | Henry Ford Health System |
Documents provided by William W. O'Neill, Henry Ford Health System:
| Responsible Party: | William W. O'Neill, Director, Center for Structural Heart Disease, Henry Ford Health System |
| ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | NCT04341441 |
| Other Study ID Numbers: |
1410401 |
| First Posted: | April 10, 2020 Key Record Dates |
| Results First Posted: | June 21, 2022 |
| Last Update Posted: | June 21, 2022 |
| Last Verified: | June 2022 |
| Individual Participant Data (IPD) Sharing Statement: | |
| Plan to Share IPD: | No |
| Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product: | Yes |
| Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product: | No |
| Product Manufactured in and Exported from the U.S.: | No |
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COVID-19 SARS-CoV 2 Coronavirus Healthcare Workers First Responders Emergency Medical Technicians |
Paramedics Firefighters Police Officers Detroit Michigan Henry Ford Hospital |
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COVID-19 Coronavirus Infections Respiratory Tract Infections Infections Pneumonia, Viral Pneumonia Virus Diseases Coronaviridae Infections Nidovirales Infections RNA Virus Infections |
Lung Diseases Respiratory Tract Diseases Hydroxychloroquine Antimalarials Antiprotozoal Agents Antiparasitic Agents Anti-Infective Agents Enzyme Inhibitors Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action Antirheumatic Agents |