Sargramostim in Patients With Acute Hypoxic Respiratory Failure Due to COVID-19 (SARPAC) (SARPAC)
|
The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. Read our disclaimer for details. |
| ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04326920 |
|
Recruitment Status :
Completed
First Posted : March 30, 2020
Results First Posted : November 4, 2022
Last Update Posted : November 16, 2022
|
- Study Details
- Tabular View
- Study Results
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
| Condition or disease | Intervention/treatment | Phase |
|---|---|---|
| COVID-19 | Drug: Sargramostim Other: Control | Phase 4 |
Leukine® is a yeast-derived recombinant humanized granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (rhuGM-CSF, sargramostim) and the only FDA approved GM-CSF. GMCSF, a pleiotropic cytokine, is an important leukocyte growth factor known to play a key role in hematopoiesis, effecting the growth and maturation of multiple cell lineages as well as the functional activities of these cells in antigen presentation and cell mediated immunity.
Leukine inhalation or intravenous administration, as an adjuvant therapy, may confer benefit to patients with ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome) due to COVID-19 exposure, who are at significant risk of mortality. While there is no active IND (Investigational New Drug) for Leukine in the proposed patient population, Leukine is being studied in Fase II as an adjuvant therapy in the management of life-threatening infections to boost the hosts innate immune response to fight infection, reduce the risk of secondary infection, and in varied conditions as prevention of infection during critical illness. Inhaled Leukine has also been successfully used as primary therapy to improve oxygenation in patients with disordered gas exchange in the lungs. We propose that based on preclinical and clinical data, Leukine inhalation, as an adjuvant therapy, has an acceptable benefit-risk for use in patients with hypoxic respiratory failure and ARDS due to COVID-19 exposure, who are at significant risk of mortality.
Confirmed COVID19 patients with hypoxic respiratory failure (saturation below 93% on minimal 2 l/min O2) will be randomized to receive sargramostim 125mcg twice daily for 5 days as a nebulized inhalation on top of standard of care, or to receive standard of care treatment. Upon progression of disease requiring initiation of mechanical ventilatory support within the 5 day period, in patients in the active group, inhaled sargramostim will be replaced by intravenous sargramostim 125mcg/m2 body surface area until the 5 day period is reached. From day 6 onwards, progressive patients in the active group will have the option to receive an additional 5 days of IV sargramostim, based on the treating physician's assessment. In the control group progressive disease requiring mechanical ventilatory support, from day 6 onwards, the treating physician will have the option to initiate IV sargramostim 125mcg/m2 body surface area for 5 days. Safety data, including blood leukocyte counts, will be collected in all patients. Efficacy data will also be collected and will include arterial blood gases, oxygenation parameters, need for ventilation, lung compliance, organ function, radiographic changes, ferritin levels, etc. as well as occurrence of secondary bacterial infections.
| Study Type : | Interventional (Clinical Trial) |
| Actual Enrollment : | 87 participants |
| Allocation: | Randomized |
| Intervention Model: | Parallel Assignment |
| Masking: | None (Open Label) |
| Primary Purpose: | Treatment |
| Official Title: | A Prospective, Randomized, Open-label, Interventional Study to Investigate the Efficacy of Sargramostim (Leukine®) in Improving Oxygenation and Short- and Long-term Outcome of COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease) Patients With Acute Hypoxic Respiratory Failure. |
| Actual Study Start Date : | March 24, 2020 |
| Actual Primary Completion Date : | September 28, 2020 |
| Actual Study Completion Date : | February 26, 2021 |
| Arm | Intervention/treatment |
|---|---|
|
Active Comparator: Active sargramostim treatment group
Inhaled sargramostim 125mcg twice daily for 5 days on top of standard of care. Upon progression to ARDS and initiation of mechanical ventilator support within the 5 day period, inhaled sargramostim will be replaced by intravenous sargramostim 125mcg/m2 body surface area once daily until the 5 day period is reached. From day 6 onwards, progressive patients in the active group will have the option to receive an additional 5 days of IV sargramostim, based on the treating physician's assessment
|
Drug: Sargramostim
Inhalation via mesh nebulizer and/or IV administration upon Clinical deterioration
Other Name: LEUKINE |
|
Placebo Comparator: Control group
standard of care. Subjects progressing to ARDS and requiring invasive mechanical ventilatory support, from day 6 onwards, will have the option (clinician's decision) to initiate IV sargramostim 125mcg/m2 body surface area once daily for 5 days
|
Drug: Sargramostim
Inhalation via mesh nebulizer and/or IV administration upon Clinical deterioration
Other Name: LEUKINE Other: Control Standard of care |
- Improvement in Oxygenation [ Time Frame: on Day 6 or hospital discharge, whichever came first ]Mean Change from Baseline in PaO2/FiO2 on Day 6 or hospital discharge, whichever came first
- Mean Change in 6-point Ordinal Scale for Clinical Improvement [ Time Frame: at Baseline, at Day 6 ]The 6-point ordinal scale for clinical improvement is defined as 1 = Death; 2 = Hospitalized, on invasive mechanical ventilation or ECMO (Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation) ; 3 = Hospitalized, on non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices; 4 = Hospitalized, requiring supplemental oxygen; 5 = Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen; 6 = Not hospitalized. A higher score represent a better outcome
- Number of Days in Hospital [ Time Frame: through study completion, an average of 5 months ]
- Number of Participants With Nosocomial Infection no./Total no (%) [ Time Frame: during hospital admission (up to 28 days) ]
- Death [ Time Frame: at 28 days ]
- Number of Participants Progressed to Mechanical Ventilation and/or ARDS [ Time Frame: during hospital admission (up to 28 days) ]
- Time to Clinical Sign Score < 6 for at Least 24h [ Time Frame: During hospital admission (up to 28 days) ]Clinical Sign score (0-18) by scoring 6 clinical signs from 0 to 3 (0 = absent, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate and 3 = severe): Fever (0 = <37°C; 1 = 37.1-38°C; 2 = 38.1-39°C; 3 = >39°C) last 24h; Cough; Fatigue; Shortness of breath; Diarrhea; Body pain. Higher values represent a worse outcome
- Change in Clinical Sign Score [ Time Frame: at baseline, at day 6 ]Clinical Sign score (0-18) by scoring 6 clinical signs from 0 to 3 (0 = absent, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate and 3 = severe): Fever (0 = <37°C; 1 = 37.1-38°C; 2 = 38.1-39°C; 3 = >39°C) last 24h; Cough; Fatigue; Shortness of breath; Diarrhea; Body pain. Higher values represent a worse outcome.
- Change in (National Early Warning Score2) NEWS2 Score [ Time Frame: at baseline, at day 6 ]
The NEWS2 score standardises the assessment and response to acute illness. Six physiological parameters form the basis of the scoring system:
respiration rate, oxygen saturation, systolic blood pressure, pulse rate, level of consciousness or new confusion, temperature. The total possible score ranges from 0 to 20. The higher the score the greater the clinical risk
- Change in Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA Score) [ Time Frame: at baseline, at day 6 ]The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) Score is a mortality prediction score that is based on the degree of dysfunction of six organ systems (respiratory, cardiovascular, hepatic, coagulation, renal and neurological systems). Score ranges from 0 (best) to 24 (worst) points.
- Change in Ferritin Level [ Time Frame: at baseline, at day 6 ]
- Change in D-dimer Level [ Time Frame: at baseline, at day 6 ]
- Change in CRP Level [ Time Frame: at baseline, at day 6 ]
- Change in Lymphocyte Count [ Time Frame: at baseline, at day 6 ]
- Change in Eosinophil Count [ Time Frame: at baseline, at day 6 ]
- HRCT (High-Resolution Computed Tomography) Fibrosis Score [ Time Frame: at follow-up, 10-20 weeks after day 10 or discharge, whichever comes first ]The HRCT fibrosis score is a subjective assessment of the overall extent of normal attenuation, reticular abnormalities, honeycombing and traction bronchiectasis . The HRCT findings are graded on a scale of 1-4 based on the classification system: 1. normal attenuation; 2. reticular abnormality; 3. traction bronchiectasis; and 4. honeycombing. The presence of each of the above four HRCT findings is assessed independently in three (upper, middle and lower) zones of each lung. The extent of each HRCT finding was determined by visually estimating the percentage (to the nearest 5%) of parenchymal involvement in each zone. The score for each zone was calculated by multiplying the percentage of the area by the grading scale score (i.e. 1. normal attenuation; 2. reticular abnormality; 3. traction bronchiectasis; and 4. honeycombing). The six zone scores were averaged to determine the total score for each patient. The score ranges from 100 to 400, higher values represent more fibrosis.
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies.
| Ages Eligible for Study: | 18 Years to 80 Years (Adult, Older Adult) |
| Sexes Eligible for Study: | All |
| Accepts Healthy Volunteers: | No |
Inclusion Criteria:
- Recent (≤2weeks prior to Randomization) confident diagnosis of COVID-19 confirmed by antigen detection and/or PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), and/or seroconversion or any other emerging and validated diagnostic test
- In some patients, it may be impossible to get a confident laboratory confirmation of COVID-19 diagnosis after 24h of hospital admission because viral load is low and/or problems with diagnostic sensitivity. In those cases, in absence of an alternative diagnosis, and with highly suspect bilateral ground glass opacities on recent (<24h) chest-CT scan (confirmed by a radiologist and pulmonary physician as probable COVID-19), a patient can be enrolled as probable COVID-19 infected. In all cases, this needs confirmation by later seroconversion.
-
Presence of acute hypoxic respiratory failure defined as (either or both)
- saturation below 93% on minimal 2 l/min O2
- PaO2/FiO2 below 300
- Admitted to specialized COVID-19 ward
- Age 18-80
- Male or Female
- Willing to provide informed consent
Exclusion Criteria:
- Patients with known history of serious allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, to human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor such as sargramostim, yeast-derived products, or any component of the product.
- mechanical ventilation before start of study
- patients with peripheral white blood cell count above 25.000 per microliter and/or active myeloid malignancy
- patients on high dose systemic steroids (> 20 mg methylprednisolone or equivalent)
- patients on lithium carbonate therapy
- Patients enrolled in another investigational drug study
- Pregnant or breastfeeding females (all female subjects regardless of childbearing potential status must have negative pregnancy test at screening)
- Patients with serum ferritin >2000 mcg/ml (which will exclude ongoing HLH)
To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT04326920
| Belgium | |
| AZ Sint Jan Brugge | |
| Brugge, Belgium, 8000 | |
| University Hospital Ghent | |
| Gent, Belgium, 9000 | |
| UZ Brussel | |
| Jette, Belgium, 1090 | |
| AZ Delta Roeselare | |
| Roeselare, Belgium, 8800 | |
| Principal Investigator: | Bart Lambrecht | University Hospital, Ghent |
Documents provided by Bart N. Lambrecht, University Hospital, Ghent:
| Responsible Party: | Bart N. Lambrecht, Director, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, University Hospital, Ghent |
| ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | NCT04326920 |
| Other Study ID Numbers: |
SARPAC |
| First Posted: | March 30, 2020 Key Record Dates |
| Results First Posted: | November 4, 2022 |
| Last Update Posted: | November 16, 2022 |
| Last Verified: | November 2022 |
| Individual Participant Data (IPD) Sharing Statement: | |
| Plan to Share IPD: | No |
| Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product: | Yes |
| Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product: | No |
| Product Manufactured in and Exported from the U.S.: | Yes |
|
GM-CSF Acute Lung Injury Hypoxia Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Corona virus |
COVID-19 SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) Alveolar Macrophage Acute Hypoxic respiratory failure |
|
COVID-19 Respiratory Insufficiency Pneumonia, Viral Pneumonia Respiratory Tract Infections Infections Virus Diseases Coronavirus Infections Coronaviridae Infections |
Nidovirales Infections RNA Virus Infections Lung Diseases Respiratory Tract Diseases Respiration Disorders Sargramostim Immunologic Factors Physiological Effects of Drugs |