A Study Comparing ARB With Radium-223 vs ARB Therapy With Placebo and the Effect Upon Survival for mCRPC Patients (ESCALATE)

• ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04237584
• Recruitment Status: Terminated
• First Posted: January 23, 2020
• Results First Posted: October 7, 2022
• Last Update Posted: October 7, 2022
• Sponsor: MANA RBM
• Collaborators: Bayer; Carolina Urologic Research Center; Tulane University; Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute
• Information provided by (Responsible Party): MANA RBM

Study Description

Brief Summary:

This is a randomized, multi-center, double-blind, Phase III study of radium-223 plus enzalutamide or darolutamide compared to enzalutamide or darolutamide treatment plus placebo.

Condition or disease	Intervention/treatment	Phase
Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer	Drug: Enzalutamide during Lead-in Period; Drug: Lead-in Enzalutamide followed by Radium-223/Enzalutamide; Drug: Lead-in Enzalutamide followed by Placebo/Enzalutamide; Drug: Darolutamide during Lead-in Period; Drug: Lead-in Darolutamide followed by Radium-223/Darolutamide; Drug: Lead-in Darolutamide followed by Placebo/Darolutamide	Phase 3

Detailed Description:

The hypothesis investigators will test in this study is whether layering radium-223 following 16 weeks of enzalutamide or darolutamide exposure in patients demonstrating a biochemical response improves disease outcomes. By adding radium-223 following a potential bone flare phenomenon [after first 12-14 weeks of therapy with an androgen receptor blocker (ARB)], including patients expected to have durable response to systemic therapy, and mandating the use of bone protective agents during treatment, the investigators aim to demonstrate an optimal time to add radium-223 in the mCRPC landscape.

Study Design

• Study Type: Interventional (Clinical Trial)
• Actual Enrollment: 23 participants
• Allocation: Randomized
• Intervention Model: Sequential Assignment
• Intervention Model Description: 12 week lead-in open-label androgen-receptor blocker (ARB) followed by up to 6 cycles of double-blind Radium-223 or placebo.
• Masking: Double (Participant, Investigator)
• Masking Description: Masking of Radium-223 or placebo only
• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Official Title: ESCALATE, A Phase III Randomized Study Comparing Enzalutamide or Darolutamide With Radium-223 vs Enzalutamide or Darolutamide With Placebo and the Effect Upon Symptomatic Skeletal Event-Free Survival for mCRPC Patients
• Actual Study Start Date: June 30, 2020
• Actual Primary Completion Date: March 7, 2022
• Actual Study Completion Date: March 7, 2022

Arms and Interventions

Arm	Intervention/treatment
Enzalutamide during Lead-in Period; Randomized, open-label lead-in ARB (enzalutamide tablets, 160 mg PO QD) for 12 weeks.	Drug: Enzalutamide during Lead-in Period; Participants will receive 12 weeks open-label lead-in ARB (enzalutamide) that will continue after double-blind randomization to radium-223 or placebo.; Other Name: Xtandi
Active Comparator: Lead-in Enzalutamide followed by Radium-223/Enzalutamide; Randomized, open-label lead-in ARB (enzalutamide) for 12 weeks followed by randomized, double-blind Radium-223 IV at 55 kBq/kg IV up to 6 cycles (at 4 week intervals) with continued randomized open-label enzalutamide.	Drug: Lead-in Enzalutamide followed by Radium-223/Enzalutamide; After a 12-week lead-in period of open-label enzalutamide, participants will be randomized to double-blind radium-223 or placebo. Participants will continue on their randomized, open-label enzalutamide.; Other Name: Xofigo, Xtandi
Placebo Comparator: Lead-in Enzalutamide followed by Placebo/Enzalutamide; Randomized, open-label lead-in ARB (enzalutamide) for 12 weeks followed by randomized, double-blind normal saline placebo IV up to 6 cycles (at 4 week intervals) with continued randomized open-label enzalutamide.	Drug: Lead-in Enzalutamide followed by Placebo/Enzalutamide; After a 12-week lead-in period of open-label enzalutamide, participants will be randomized to double-blind radium-223 or placebo. Participants will continue on their randomized, open-label enzalutamide.; Other Name: Placebo, Xtandi
Darolutamide during Lead-in Period; Randomized, open-label lead-in ARB (darolutamide tablets, 300 mg PO BID) for 12 weeks.	Drug: Darolutamide during Lead-in Period; Participants will receive 12 weeks open-label lead-in darolutamide that will continue after double-blind randomization to radium-223 or placebo.; Other Name: Nubeqa
Active Comparator: Lead-in Darolutamide followed by Radium-223/Darolutamide; Randomized, open-label lead-in ARB (darolutamide) for 12 weeks followed by randomized, double-blind Radium-223 IV at 55 kBq/kg IV up to 6 cycles (at 4 week intervals) with continued randomized open-label darolutamide.	Drug: Lead-in Darolutamide followed by Radium-223/Darolutamide; After a 12-week lead-in period of open-label darolutamide, participants will be randomized to double-blind radium-223 or placebo. Participants will continue on their randomized, open-label darolutamide.; Other Name: Xofigo, Nubeqa
Placebo Comparator: Lead-in Darolutamide followed by Placebo/Darolutamide; Randomized, open-label lead-in ARB (darolutamide) for 12 weeks followed by randomized, double-blind normal saline placebo IV up to 6 cycles (at 4 week intervals) with continued randomized open-label darolutamide.	Drug: Lead-in Darolutamide followed by Placebo/Darolutamide; After a 12-week lead-in period of open-label darolutamide, participants will be randomized to double-blind radium-223 or placebo. Participants will continue on their randomized, open-label darolutamide.; Other Name: Placebo, Nubeqa

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures :

1. Symptomatic Skeletal Event-free Survival (SSE-FS) [ Time Frame: approximately 1 year and 8 months ]

   SSE-FS is a composite endpoint, composed of 4 events that indicate disease progression:

   • the first use of external-beam radiation therapy to relieve skeletal tumor-related symptoms
   • the occurrence of new symptomatic pathologic bone fractures.
   • the occurrence of new symptomatic spinal cord compression
   • a tumor-related orthopedic surgical intervention

Secondary Outcome Measures :

1. Overall Survival (OS) [ Time Frame: approximately 1 year and 8 months ]
   Number of subjects who survived between RT2 randomization through data cut-off.
2. Time to Chemotherapy Initiation [ Time Frame: approximately 1 year and 8 months ]
   Number of subjects who began docetaxel or cabazitaxel treatment during the study.
3. Radiographic Progression-free Survival (rPFS) [ Time Frame: approximately 1 year and 8 months ]
   Number of subjects with bone scan progression per PCWG3 criteria, and/or progression by CT/MRI per RECIST 1.1 criteria, or death from any cause following RT2. Radiological progression is interpreted by local assessment only.
4. Safety Profile of Androgen Receptor Blocker (ARB) Therapy With or Without Radium-223. [ Time Frame: approximately 1 year and 8 months ]
   Safety profile of androgen receptor blockers (enzalutamide or darolutamide) with or without radium-223; number of participants with treatment-related adverse events as assessed by CTCAE v5.0. Reported only in the AE reporting module.
5. Occurrence of AESI: Bone Fractures (Pathologic and Non-pathologic) [ Time Frame: approximately 1 year and 8 months ]
   Assess occurrence of AESI: fractures (pathologic and non-pathologic).

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 Years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Sexes Eligible for Study: Male
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Able and willing to provide informed consent.
2. Histologically or cytologically confirmed diagnosis of prostate adenocarcinoma.
3. Men ≥ 18 years.
4. ECOG performance status of 0 or 1 at screening.
5. Metastatic to bone with ≥ 2 bone metastases (area of increased uptake on 99mTc bone scan); equivocal lesions on the bone scan must be confirmed by standard X-ray, CT, or MRI.

6. Patients must have progressive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) at screening and on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) as evidenced by either:

   1. For patients who manifest disease progression solely as a rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level - documentation of a sequence of two rising PSA values at a minimum of 1-week apart with the Screening value ≥1 ng/ml (see Appendix D);
   2. For patients with disease progression manifested in the bone, irrespective of progression by rising PSA - defined by the appearance of 2 or more new skeletal lesions demonstrated by 99Tc bone imaging. Ambiguous results should be confirmed by other imaging modalities than bone scan and x-ray (e.g.: CT-scan or MRI).
   3. For patients with disease progression manifested at nodal sites, irrespective of progression by rising PSA - progression defined per RECIST 1.1.
7. Ongoing ADT with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist or antagonist or bilateral orchiectomy.
8. Use of bone health agents (denosumab or zoledronic acid or other bisphosphonates) starting any time prior to R1 unless contraindicated or considered not in the best interest of the patient. A waiver must be approved by the medical monitor if bone health agents cannot be used. Bone health agents should be continued throughout both RT1 and RT2 treatment periods.

9. Adequate bone marrow and organ function as defined by:

   1. Hemoglobin ≥ 10.0 g/dL
   2. Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1.5 x 109/L
   3. Platelets ≥ 100 x 109/L
   4. Serum creatinine ≤ 1.95 mg/dL
   5. Estimated creatinine clearance >/= 30 mL/min by Cockroft-Gault calculation
   6. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≤ 175 U/L
   7. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ≤ 100 U/L
   8. Total bilirubin ≤ 1.8 mg/dL (unless the patient a diagnosis of Gilbert's disease or a similar syndrome involving slow conjugation of bilirubin; in patients with Gilbert's, the total bilirubin should be less than 6 mg/dL if patient has Gilbert's and the elevation should be seen in the unconjugated or indirect bilirubin measurement)
   9. LDH ≤ 224 U/L at screening.
   10. Albumin ≥ 2.5 g/dL
10. Fertile male patients, defined as all males physiologically capable of conceiving offspring with female partners of child-bearing potential, must be willing to use condoms plus spermicidal agent during the study treatment period and for 6 months after the last dose of study drug, and not father a child or donate sperm during this period.

11. The treating site investigator deems RT1 (Enzalutamide or Darolutamide) treatment safe and feasible.

    Subjects must meet the remaining inclusion criteria in order to be qualified for the second randomization (R2). Only subjects that complete the initial 12 weeks of run-in RT1 should be evaluated. Prior inclusion criteria do not need to be re-evaluated:

12. Patients must have a documented ≥ 30% decline of PSA at any time during the 12 weeks of RT1.
13. Patients must have no evidence of visceral metastatic disease at the time of RT2 randomization
14. Ongoing treatment with RT1 and bone health agents at time of RT2 randomization.
15. The treating site investigator deems RT2 (Ra-223 dichloride) treatment safe and feasible.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Pathological finding consistent with small cell carcinoma of the prostate.
2. Prior chemotherapy for CRPC. Prior docetaxel for hormone-sensitive disease is permitted under the following conditions: started within 3 months of ADT initiation, given for a maximum of 6 cycles and progression occurred > 6 months after the last dose of docetaxel.
3. Prior treatment for mCRPC or CRPC. However, the following therapies are permitted and not exclusionary: Sipuleucel-T, 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors, estrogens, or older antiandrogens (such as flutamide, bicalutamide, or nilutamide).
4. Prior treatment for more than 2 months with CYP17 inhibitors (e.g. abiraterone or orteronel).
5. Prior treatment for more than 2 months with agents inhibiting androgen receptor signaling (e.g. enzalutamide, apalutamide, or darolutamide).
6. Prior hemibody or whole-body external radiotherapy. Other types of prior external radiotherapy and brachytherapies are allowed.
7. Prior therapy with radionuclides (e.g., radium-223, strontium-89, samarium-153, rhenium-186, rhenium-188, actinium-225 and lutetium-177).
8. Current involvement in any drug or device trial involving investigational agent or medical device within the last 28 days prior to R1.
9. In general, any prior investigational agent for nmCRPC/mCRPC; however, may be reviewed by medical monitor/PIs for waiver consideration, on a case-by-case basis.
10. Hypersensitivity to compounds related to enzalutamide, darolutamide, or Ra-223.
11. A blood transfusion ≤ 28 days prior to R1.
12. Major surgical procedures ≤ 28 days or minor surgical procedures ≤7 days prior to R1. No waiting period is required following port-a-cath placement.
13. Patients with visceral metastases, clinical evidence of central nervous system metastases, or leptomeningeal tumor spread as demonstrated via CT/MRI of chest, abdomen, pelvis, and CNS (if needed). CT/MRI of the CNS only performed if suspicion of CNS metastases or leptomeningeal tumor spread. Nodules < 1 cm alone will not be considered visceral metastases. Renal masses < 3 cm will not be considered exclusionary.
14. Serious active infection at the time of screening or another serious underlying medical condition that would impair the ability of the patient to receive protocol treatment.
15. Presence of other active cancers, or history of treatment for invasive cancer ≤2 years of R1. Patients with Stage I/II cancer who have received definitive local treatment and are considered unlikely to recur are eligible. All patients with previously treated in situ carcinoma (i.e., non-invasive) and superficial bladder cancer are eligible, as are patients with history of non-melanoma skin cancer.
16. Any other serious or unstable illness, or medical, social, or psychological condition, that could jeopardize the safety of the subject and/or his/her compliance with study procedures, or may interfere with the subject's participation in the study or evaluation of the study results.

Contacts and Locations

Locations

United States, South Carolina

Research Site

Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, United States, 29572

Sponsors and Collaborators

MANA RBM

Bayer

Carolina Urologic Research Center

Tulane University

Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute

Investigators

• Study Chair: Neal Shore, MD; Carolina Urologic Research Center

  Study Documents (Full-Text)

Documents provided by MANA RBM:

Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan  [PDF] May 4, 2020

Informed Consent Form  [PDF] April 1, 2020

More Information

• Responsible Party: MANA RBM
• ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04237584
• Other Study ID Numbers: PC18-1005
• First Posted: January 23, 2020
• Results First Posted: October 7, 2022
• Last Update Posted: October 7, 2022
• Last Verified: September 2022

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product: Yes
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product: No

Keywords provided by MANA RBM:

mCRPC; ARB; Radiopharmaceutical

Additional relevant MeSH terms:

Prostatic Neoplasms; Genital Neoplasms, Male; Urogenital Neoplasms; Neoplasms by Site; Neoplasms; Genital Diseases, Male; Genital Diseases; Urogenital Diseases; Prostatic Diseases; Male Urogenital Diseases; Radium Ra 223 dichloride; Antineoplastic Agents