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Comparative Effectiveness of Financial Incentives and Nudges to Reduce Cellphone Use While Driving Among UBI Auto Policy Holders

The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. Read our disclaimer for details.
 
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03833219
Recruitment Status : Completed
First Posted : February 6, 2019
Last Update Posted : September 10, 2020
Sponsor:
Collaborator:
U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration
Information provided by (Responsible Party):
University of Pennsylvania

Study Description
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Brief Summary:
The investigators are proposing an experiment to help a national auto insurance company test behavioral economic strategies to reduce the amount of time policy holders actively use their cell phone while driving. Interventions include financial incentives, social comparison, and nudges, and survey data will also be collected. Data collected from this internal trial will be shared with the Penn research team and analyzed

Condition or disease Intervention/treatment Phase
Automobile Accident Behavioral: Weekly feedback Behavioral: End of intervention period incentive Behavioral: Loss-framed weekly incentive Not Applicable

Study Design
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Study Type : Interventional  (Clinical Trial)
Actual Enrollment : 2108 participants
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Factorial Assignment
Masking: Single (Participant)
Primary Purpose: Prevention
Official Title: Comparative Effectiveness of Financial Incentives and Smartphone-based Nudges to Reduce Cellphone Use While Driving Among Auto Insurance Policy Holders With Usage Based Insurance Policies
Actual Study Start Date : May 7, 2019
Actual Primary Completion Date : October 30, 2019
Actual Study Completion Date : August 30, 2020
Arms and Interventions
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Arm Intervention/treatment
No Intervention: Control (monitor only)
Continue in monitoring only mode
Experimental: Social comparison feedback
Report user's handheld phone use/ hour of driving for week. Compare this week's performance to distribution for driver cohort.
 Behavioral: Weekly feedback
Send push notification reporting user's handheld phone use while driving compared to distribution for driver cohort (age, geographic area) each week.
Experimental: End of rating period incentive
Monitor throughout intervention period and compare overall use to distribution for cohort. Notify participant at end of intervention period regarding the amount they have earned.
 Behavioral: End of intervention period incentive
Notify participant about potential incentive at the end of the intervention period, but do not provide weekly feedback about performance.
Experimental: End of rating period incentive + social comparison feedback
Monitor throughout intervention period and compare weekly phone use to driver cohort distribution. Send weekly push notification to provide feedback. Notify participant at end of intervention period regarding the amount they have earned.
 Behavioral: Weekly feedback
Send push notification reporting user's handheld phone use while driving compared to distribution for driver cohort (age, geographic area) each week.

Behavioral: End of intervention period incentive
Notify participant about potential incentive at the end of the intervention period, but do not provide weekly feedback about performance.
Experimental: Weekly loss-framed incentive + social comparison feedback
Monitor throughout intervention period and compare weekly phone use to driver cohort distribution. Send weekly push notification to provide feedback. Notify participant weekly regarding the amount they have earned.
 Behavioral: Weekly feedback
Send push notification reporting user's handheld phone use while driving compared to distribution for driver cohort (age, geographic area) each week.

Behavioral: Loss-framed weekly incentive
Send push notification reporting user's handheld phone use while driving compared to distribution for driver cohort (age, geographic area) each week. Pay participant weekly according to where they fall on the distribution each week.
Experimental: Larger weekly loss-framed incentive+social comparison feedback
Monitor throughout intervention period and compare weekly phone use to driver cohort distribution. Send weekly push notification to provide feedback. Notify participant weekly regarding the amount they have earned. Incentive amount is higher than "Weekly loss-framed incentive + social comparison feedback" Arm.
 Behavioral: Weekly feedback
Send push notification reporting user's handheld phone use while driving compared to distribution for driver cohort (age, geographic area) each week.

Behavioral: Loss-framed weekly incentive
Send push notification reporting user's handheld phone use while driving compared to distribution for driver cohort (age, geographic area) each week. Pay participant weekly according to where they fall on the distribution each week.


Outcome Measures
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Primary Outcome Measures :
  1. Seconds of active phone use per hour of driving [ Time Frame: 150 days ]
    Percentage of driving time engaging in active handheld phone use (also measured as seconds of distracted driving/hour of driving)


Secondary Outcome Measures :
  1. Seconds of passive phone use per hour of driving [ Time Frame: 150 days ]
    Seconds of passive handheld, non-call use per hour of driving

  2. Hard breaking events per 100 miles [ Time Frame: 150 days ]
    notifications turned off, drop out of study, app uninstall

  3. Hard acceleration events per 100 miles [ Time Frame: 150 days ]
    Hard acceleration events per 100 miles


Eligibility Criteria
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Information from the National Library of Medicine

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Ages Eligible for Study:   16 Years and older   (Child, Adult, Older Adult)
Sexes Eligible for Study:   All
Accepts Healthy Volunteers:   Yes
Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Progressive Snapshot Users with policy activated within recruitment period
  • Progressive Snapshot policy holder in one of the following states and regions: MI, PA, TX, FL, TN, OR, GA, NE, OK, OH, MT, MO, NV, CT, WI, MD, KY, MN, NH, NJ, AZ, ME, LA, SC, CO, MS, IN, IA, AL, ND, UT, RI, WV, WY, IL, AR, DE, KS, SD, NM, VT, ID, and the District of Columbia
  • Has an email address

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Progressive Snapshot Mobile App not updated to enable push notifications
  • Customer's residential address is in a state in which phone use while driving is factored into insurance rating
  • Customer's Snapshot Mobile App does not collect trip data with all sensors active
  • Customer in Snapshot program for < 30 days or more > 70 days
Contacts and Locations
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Information from the National Library of Medicine

To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.

Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT03833219


Locations
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United States, Pennsylvania
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19104
Sponsors and Collaborators
University of Pennsylvania
U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration
Investigators
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Principal Investigator: M. Kit Delgado, MD, MS University of Pennsylvania
  Study Documents (Full-Text)

Documents provided by University of Pennsylvania:
Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan  [PDF] July 24, 2019

More Information
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Additional Information:

Publications:

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Responsible Party: University of Pennsylvania
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03833219    
Other Study ID Numbers: 693JJ31750012
First Posted: February 6, 2019    Key Record Dates
Last Update Posted: September 10, 2020
Last Verified: September 2020
Individual Participant Data (IPD) Sharing Statement:
Plan to Share IPD: No
Plan Description: PI will not own individual participant data

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Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product: No
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product: No
Keywords provided by University of Pennsylvania:
distracted driving automobile
behavioral economics
usage-based insurance
 auto insurance
automobile
smartphone application