Anthropometric Measures and Anti-inflammatory Markers by a PUFAs Enriched Diet

• Metabolics Changes [ Time Frame: 8 weeks ]
  fatty acids in percentage
  
  

• Significant decreases on all adiposity measures [ Time Frame: 8 weeks ]
  Weight in kilograms
  
  
• Significant decreases on all adiposity measures [ Time Frame: 8 weeks ]
  height in meters
  
  
• Significant decreases on all adiposity measures [ Time Frame: 8 weeks ]
  waist circumference in centimeters
  
  
• Significant decreases on all adiposity measures [ Time Frame: 8 weeks ]
  hip circumference in centimeters
  
  
• Significant decreases on all adiposity measures [ Time Frame: 8 weeks ]
  fat mass in percentage
  
  
• Significant decreases on all adiposity measures [ Time Frame: 8 weeks ]
  Weight and height will be combined to report BMI in kg/m2
  
  
• Metabolics Changes [ Time Frame: 8 weeks ]
  Glucose in mg/dL
  
  
• Metabolics Changes [ Time Frame: 8 weeks ]
  total Cholesterol in mg/dL
  
  
• Metabolics Changes [ Time Frame: 8 weeks ]
  LDL-cholesterol in mg/dL
  
  
• Metabolics Changes [ Time Frame: 8 weeks ]
  HDL-cholesterol in mg/dL
  
  
• Metabolics Changes [ Time Frame: 8 weeks ]
  triglycerides in mg/dL
  
  
• Metabolics Changes [ Time Frame: 8 weeks ]
  Lipocalin-2 in mg/mL
  
  
• Metabolics Changes [ Time Frame: 8 weeks ]
  Insulin in pmol/L
  
  
• Metabolics Changes [ Time Frame: 8 weeks ]
  High sensitivity C-reactive protein in mg/L
  
  
• Metabolics Changes [ Time Frame: 8 weeks ]
  adiponectin in microg/mL
  
  

The study consists of a diet-intervention in a single group under-free-living conditions. The diet was enriched with 15g of almonds and 15g of walnuts per day for eight weeks, supplied directly to the patient by the researcher. This amounts of walnuts and almonds contain polyunsaturated fatty acids of approximately 2.02g of omega 3 (alpha-linolenic acid) and 11.1g of omega 6 (linoleic acid) mostly. In a period of 14 months, the investigators recruited forty-eight sedentary subjects of 30 to 50 years old, and body mass index between 30 and 34.9 kg/m2, without evidence of chronic degenerative, infectious or neoplastic diseases, neither medication nor actually dietary treatment, and a physical level of exercise < 2 hours/week. All participants gave their written informed consent to participate in the study. The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of the Universidad de Guanajuato.

Collected data included the clinical-nutritional history, 24-hour recalls, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire was applied to evaluate if subjects were sedentary. The dietary intake evaluation was estimated in kilocalories/day, the amount and type of macronutrients according to the database of United States Department of Agriculture and the National Institute of Public Health (Mexico). In order to evaluate adherence to the diet, volunteers were visited every two weeks to carry out three 24-hour recalls (two on weekdays and one on weekends). Positive Adherence to the diet plan was considered when the food consumption, walnuts and almonds were not modified more than ± 20% of the amount indicated by the researcher.

The investigators recorded the anthropometric measures, body composition, and measured serum glucose, lipid profile, insulin, lipocalin 2, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, adiponectin, and fatty acids profile, which were analyzed at the baseline and after dietary intervention.