10-day Versus 14-day Concomitant PAMC as First-line Treatment Strategy for the Eradication of H. Pylori Infection

• ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02959255
• Recruitment Status: Completed
• First Posted: November 9, 2016
• Last Update Posted: March 29, 2018
• Sponsor: Elpen Pharmaceutical Co. Inc.
• Information provided by (Responsible Party): Elpen Pharmaceutical Co. Inc.

Study Description

Brief Summary:

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is highly associated with gastrointestinal disorders, including peptic ulcer disease, gastric cancer, and gastric mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma.1 In 1994, H. pylori was classified as a group carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Since then, many consensus conferences and clinical guidelines worldwide have been established for the treatment of H. pylori infection.

Despite H. pylori infecting an estimated 50% of the global population,there is no universally effective regimen in everyday clinical practice. The current European Helicobacter Study Group Guidelines for the first line empirical treatment of the H. pylori infection propose a variety of treatment strategies, as optimal treatment of H. pylori infection requires careful attention to local antibiotic resistance and eradication patterns. Most recently, the Toronto Consensus for the Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Adults strongly recommended that all H. pylori eradication regimens now be given for 14 days. Recommended first-line strategies include concomitant nonbismuth quadruple therapy (proton pump inhibitor [PPI] + amoxicillin + metronidazole + clarithromycin [PAMC]) and traditional bismuth quadruple therapy (PPI + bismuth + metronidazole + tetracycline [PBMT]).The aforementioned statement by an international working group of specialists chosen by the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology is of the outmost importance, especially in countries with increased antibiotic resistance, like Greece, with resistance rates >20% to clarithromycin and >40% to metronidazole.

Condition or disease	Intervention/treatment	Phase
Helicobacter Pylori Infection	Drug: Esomeprazole	Phase 4

Detailed Description:

In Greece, while the efficacy of the 10-day concomitant PAMC scheme has been recently established,to our knowledge no head-to-head comparison evaluating treatment time (10 versus 14 days) of the same therapeutic regimen has been tried out. We decided to conduct a randomized double blind controlled clinical study comparing the 10-day versus the 14-day concomitant PAMC therapeutic scheme as first-line treatment strategy for the eradication of H. pylori infection, in a country of increased dual resistance to clarithromycin and metronidazole (where bismuth is unavailable). The primary end point of our study will be treatment efficacy (primary and secondary antibiotic resistance), while secondary end points will be patient compliance and safety.

This open labeled prospective randomized trial will be held at the Army Share Fund Hospital (NIMTS), in Athens, Greece, and will be conducted by the Hospital's Department of Gastroenterology. Written informed consent will obtained from all participants before enrollment. The study must be approved before hand by the Institutional Review Board of Hospital.

Interventions A physician will be recruited so as to obtain the patients' demographic data and medical history. Using sealed envelopes, eligible patients will be randomized in two groups, with a research assistant assigning the therapies according to the treatment allocations kept in the envelopes. In the first group, patients will be assigned to a 10-day concomitant PAMC therapy (40mg esomeprazole twice daily, 500mg clarithromycin twice daily, 1gr amoxicillin twice daily, and 500mg metronidazole twice daily). In the second group, patients will be assigned to the same concomitant PAMC therapy for 14days. Each envelope will contain precise written instructions regarding the treatment schedule, dosing, and time of medication ingestion, while further instructions will be available, if needed, via the telephone.

Follow-up and outcome To confirm compliance, all patients will be asked to bring their remaining medication 5 days after the end of the treatment where we will count the rest of their pills. Patients with a compliance <80% will be excluded from the study per protocol (PP) analysis. Patients will also be interviewed for reasons responsible for missing any doses of the regimens, as well as for the occurrence of any new or worsened medical conditions that led them to seek medical attention. Adverse events will be classified as minor or major, with the later leading to discontinuation of the treatment.

Four weeks after the treatment period (with no administration of PPIs or any antibiotics), we will confirm H. pylori eradication using C13-UBT by a staff member who will be blind to the eradication arm of each patient. In case of treatment failure, a repeated endoscopy will be performed with biopsy specimens being taken (two from the antrum and two from the body of the stomach). Biopsy specimens will be cultured and antibiotic susceptibility will be determined for amoxicillin, tetracycline, clarithromycin, metronidazole, and levofloxacin with the aid of the agar dilution test, according to the standard European protocol.14,15 The microbiologist who will be performing the agar dilution test will be blinded to the treatment. If first-line eradication therapy fails, second-line therapy will be administered, according to antibiotic susceptibility.

Statistical analysis In this study, a clinically significant difference for eradication between the two groups will be 15%. In order to achieve 80% power for detecting this difference, along with an alpha level of 0.05 and an allocation ratio of 1:1, we calculated a needed sample of 364 patients. Since this is a convenient clinical sample, the study will be terminated either by reaching this number of patients or by the study's timeline limitation. Baseline characteristics will be compared and the difference of the observed eradication rates between the study groups will be assessed. The results of this study will be analyzed in an intention to treat (ITT) and a PP population. The ITT analysis will include all randomized patients who will have taken at least one dose of the study medication (regardless of compliance). The patients whose infection statuses will be unknown following treatment will be considered treatment failures for the purposes of the ITT analysis. The PP analysis will include patients with at least 80% compliance (excluding the patients with unknown H. pylori status following therapy and those with major protocol violations).

Study Design

• Study Type: Interventional (Clinical Trial)
• Actual Enrollment: 364 participants
• Allocation: Randomized
• Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)
• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Official Title: A Greek, Single Center, Randomized, Double Blind Controlled Clinical Study Comparing the 10-day Versus the 14-day Concomitant Proton Pump Inhibitor [PPI] + Amoxicillin + Metronidazole + Clarithromycin (PAMC) Therapeutic Scheme as First-line Treatment Strategy for the Eradication of H. Pylori Infection
• Actual Study Start Date: January 30, 2017
• Actual Primary Completion Date: December 30, 2017
• Actual Study Completion Date: December 30, 2017

Arms and Interventions

Arm	Intervention/treatment
Active Comparator: 10-day concomitant PAMC; 40mg esomeprazole twice daily, 500mg clarithromycin twice daily, 1gr amoxicillin twice daily, and 500mg metronidazole twice daily for 10 days	Drug: Esomeprazole; dosage difference
Active Comparator: 14-day concomitant PAMC; (40mg esomeprazole twice daily, 500mg clarithromycin twice daily, 1gr amoxicillin twice daily, and 500mg metronidazole twice daily for 14 days.	Drug: Esomeprazole; dosage difference

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures :

1. Helicobacter Pylori eradication [ Time Frame: 10 days - 14 days ]

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 Years to 80 Years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Sexes Eligible for Study: All
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

• age >18 or <80 years
• consecutive newly diagnosed H. pylori-infected patients
• endoscopically proven peptic ulcer disease or non-ulcer dyspepsia
• H. pylori infection will be established by at least one positive test among C13-urea breath test (UBT), rapid urease test, and gastric histology.
• patients who have signed the Informed Consent
• patients who will be compliant to study procedures

Exclusion Criteria:

• age <18 or >80 years.
• previous H. pylori eradication therapy
• known allergic history to any of the medications used in our study
• pregnancy or lactation
• ingestion of antibiotics within the prior 4 weeks
• patients with previous gastric surgery
• the coexistence of serious concomitant illness which would not allow patients' compliance (i.e., malignant neoplasms)
• addiction to alcohol or illicit and recreational drugs
• patients who have not signed Informed Consent
• patients who will not comply with study procedures

Contacts and Locations

Locations

Greece

Army Hospital

Athens, Greece

Sponsors and Collaborators

Elpen Pharmaceutical Co. Inc.

More Information

Publications:

Papastergiou V, Georgopoulos SD, Karatapanis S. Treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection: Past, present and future. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol. 2014 Nov 15;5(4):392-9. doi: 10.4291/wjgp.v5.i4.392. Review.

Schistosomes, liver flukes and Helicobacter pylori. IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Lyon, 7-14 June 1994. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum. 1994;61:1-241.

Infection with Helicobacter pylori. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum. 1994;61:177-240. Review.

Malfertheiner P, Megraud F, O'Morain CA, Atherton J, Axon AT, Bazzoli F, Gensini GF, Gisbert JP, Graham DY, Rokkas T, El-Omar EM, Kuipers EJ; European Helicobacter Study Group. Management of Helicobacter pylori infection--the Maastricht IV/ Florence Consensus Report. Gut. 2012 May;61(5):646-64. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2012-302084.

World Gastroenterology Organisation. World Gastroenterology Organisation Global Guideline: Helicobacter pylori in developing countries. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2011 May-Jun;45(5):383-8. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0b013e31820fb8f6.

Fock KM, Katelaris P, Sugano K, Ang TL, Hunt R, Talley NJ, Lam SK, Xiao SD, Tan HJ, Wu CY, Jung HC, Hoang BH, Kachintorn U, Goh KL, Chiba T, Rani AA; Second Asia-Pacific Conference. Second Asia-Pacific Consensus Guidelines for Helicobacter pylori infection. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009 Oct;24(10):1587-600. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2009.05982.x.

Chey WD, Wong BC; Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology. American College of Gastroenterology guideline on the management of Helicobacter pylori infection. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007 Aug;102(8):1808-25. Epub 2007 Jun 29.

Watari J, Chen N, Amenta PS, Fukui H, Oshima T, Tomita T, Miwa H, Lim KJ, Das KM. Helicobacter pylori associated chronic gastritis, clinical syndromes, precancerous lesions, and pathogenesis of gastric cancer development. World J Gastroenterol. 2014 May 14;20(18):5461-73. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i18.5461. Review.

De Francesco V, Giorgio F, Hassan C, Manes G, Vannella L, Panella C, Ierardi E, Zullo A. Worldwide H. pylori antibiotic resistance: a systematic review. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2010 Dec;19(4):409-14. Review.

Papastergiou V, Georgopoulos SD, Karatapanis S. Treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection: meeting the challenge of antimicrobial resistance. World J Gastroenterol. 2014 Aug 7;20(29):9898-911. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i29.9898. Review.

Fallone CA, Chiba N, van Zanten SV, Fischbach L, Gisbert JP, Hunt RH, Jones NL, Render C, Leontiadis GI, Moayyedi P, Marshall JK. The Toronto Consensus for the Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Adults. Gastroenterology. 2016 Jul;151(1):51-69.e14. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.04.006. Epub 2016 Apr 19. Review.

Karamanolis GP, Daikos GL, Xouris D, Goukos D, Delladetsima I, Ladas SD. The evolution of Helicobacter pylori antibiotics resistance over 10 years in Greece. Digestion. 2014;90(4):229-31. doi: 10.1159/000369898. Epub 2014 Dec 12.

Megraud F, Coenen S, Versporten A, Kist M, Lopez-Brea M, Hirschl AM, Andersen LP, Goossens H, Glupczynski Y; Study Group participants. Helicobacter pylori resistance to antibiotics in Europe and its relationship to antibiotic consumption. Gut. 2013 Jan;62(1):34-42. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2012-302254. Epub 2012 May 12.

Apostolopoulos P, Koumoutsos I, Ekmektzoglou K, Dogantzis P, Vlachou E, Kalantzis C, Tsibouris P, Alexandrakis G. Concomitant versus sequential therapy for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection: a Greek randomized prospective study. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2016;51(2):145-51. doi: 10.3109/00365521.2015.1079646. Epub 2015 Oct 5.

Zullo A, Vaira D, Vakil N, Hassan C, Gatta L, Ricci C, De Francesco V, Menegatti M, Tampieri A, Perna F, Rinaldi V, Perri F, Papadìa C, Fornari F, Pilati S, Mete LS, Merla A, Potì R, Marinone G, Savioli A, Campo SM, Faleo D, Ierardi E, Miglioli M, Morini S. High eradication rates of Helicobacter pylori with a new sequential treatment. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2003 Mar 1;17(5):719-26. Erratum in: Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2003 May 1;17(9):1205.

Boyanova L, Mentis A, Gubina M, Rozynek E, Gosciniak G, Kalenic S, Göral V, Kupcinskas L, Kantarçeken B, Aydin A, Archimandritis A, Dzierzanowska D, Vcev A, Ivanova K, Marina M, Mitov I, Petrov P, Ozden A, Popova M. The status of antimicrobial resistance of Helicobacter pylori in eastern Europe. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2002 Jul;8(7):388-96.

• Responsible Party: Elpen Pharmaceutical Co. Inc.
• ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02959255
• Other Study ID Numbers: IIS-EL-ESO-2016
• First Posted: November 9, 2016
• Last Update Posted: March 29, 2018
• Last Verified: March 2018

Individual Participant Data (IPD) Sharing Statement:

• Plan to Share IPD: No

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product: No

Additional relevant MeSH terms:

Infection; Communicable Diseases; Esomeprazole; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Gastrointestinal Agents; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Enzyme Inhibitors; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action