Online Program to Reduce Depression in MS
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ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02740361 |
Recruitment Status :
Active, not recruiting
First Posted : April 15, 2016
Last Update Posted : July 29, 2021
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Condition or disease | Intervention/treatment | Phase |
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Multiple Sclerosis | Behavioral: Deprexis, DeprexisPlus | Not Applicable |
Depression is highly common in MS with a lifetime risk for major depressive disorder (MDD) as high as 25-50% and a 12-month prevalence of up to 25%, particularly in younger patients. Depression in MS has been linked to biological as well as psychological factors and substantially impacts psychosocial function. Importantly, depressive symptoms correlate with decreased quality of life, absence from work, and lower social support and are among the strongest predictors for suicidal ideation in MS patients.
Despite its immediate clinical relevance, depression in MS remains underdiagnosed and often untreated and evidence for the efficacy of pharmacological or non-pharmacological interventions for MS-associated depression is scarce. For example, guidelines recently published by the AAN concluded that evidence for pharmacotherapy and individual or group therapies for MS-depression was insufficient but recommended cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) delivered by phone with weak level of evidence. Such approaches, however, still require availability of a trained psychotherapist.
Given the mobility problems, cognitive impairment, and fatigue typically associated with MS as well as the limited availability of psychotherapists, self-guided, automated, internet-based interventions may help to overcome treatment barriers often encountered by patients with MS. In a recent phase II randomized controlled trial (RCT) in Germany, the investigators found one such internet-based CBT program, Deprexis, to significantly reduce depressive symptoms in MS (Fischer et al., Lancet Psychiatry 2015). Despite these encouraging results, large, definitive trials of the most promising therapeutic approaches for MS-associated depression that could inform clinical practice are completely lacking.
Here, the investigators conduct a large, international, multicenter RCT of the Deprexis program to treat depression in MS patients. Patients will be recruited in five specialized MS centers in Germany (Charité Berlin and University Medical Center Hamburg) and the US (Cedars Sinai Los Angeles, University of Missouri - Kansas City, and Penn State University). The investigators plan to enroll n=400 patients who will be randomly assigned to two different versions of Deprexis (either Deprexis alone or Deprexis plus regular Email support, DeprexisPlus) for 3 months or a waitlist control group and undergo clinical assessments at baseline and month 3. In addition, the investigators will conduct long-term online follow up at month 6 and month 12.
The trial will address the following three main aims:
Aim 1: To definitively test the effectiveness of Deprexis for reducing depressive symptoms in MS at the end of treatment.
Aim 2: To determine the added value of email support for Deprexis (DeprexisPlus) in MS.
Aim 3: To explore the long-term stability of therapeutic effects (12 months) and the potential of a booster session to enhance maintenance.
Study Type : | Interventional (Clinical Trial) |
Estimated Enrollment : | 400 participants |
Allocation: | Randomized |
Intervention Model: | Parallel Assignment |
Masking: | Single (Outcomes Assessor) |
Primary Purpose: | Treatment |
Official Title: | International Deprexis Trial in Multiple Sclerosis (IDEMS) - a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial |
Actual Study Start Date : | February 15, 2017 |
Actual Primary Completion Date : | January 30, 2021 |
Estimated Study Completion Date : | December 31, 2021 |

Arm | Intervention/treatment |
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Experimental: Deprexis
This group will receive access to the web-based Deprexis program, an online tool based on principles of cognitive behavioral therapy. Contents include (1) psychoeducation, (2) behavioral activation, (3) cognitive modification, (4) mindfulness and acceptance, (5) interpersonal skills, (6) relaxation, physical exercise and lifestyle modification, (7) problem solving, (8) expressive writing and forgiveness, (9) positive psychology, and (10) emotion-focused interventions.
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Behavioral: Deprexis, DeprexisPlus
Online program Deprexis, either as a stand-alone internet-based intervention (Deprexis) or with added standardized email support by a clinical psychologist (DeprexisPlus). In this trial, we will use a Version of Deprexis that has been adapted to MS-specific needs. |
Experimental: DeprexisPlus
This group will receive the web-based Deprexis program (see above) plus scheduled e-mail contact (1x/week)
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Behavioral: Deprexis, DeprexisPlus
Online program Deprexis, either as a stand-alone internet-based intervention (Deprexis) or with added standardized email support by a clinical psychologist (DeprexisPlus). In this trial, we will use a Version of Deprexis that has been adapted to MS-specific needs. |
No Intervention: Waitlist Control
Participants randomized to the control group will wait for access to the Deprexis program (waitlist control) for 6 months. After the 6-month waiting period, participants in this group will have full access to Deprexis.
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- Beck Depression Inventory-II [ Time Frame: Month 0 to Month 3 ]
- WHO Quality of Life scale (WHO-QOL BREF) [ Time Frame: Month 0 to Month 3 ]4 subscales (Physical, Psychological, Social Relationships, Environmental)
- Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale (MSIS) [ Time Frame: Month 0 to Month 3 ]2 subscales (Physical and Psychological)
- Fatigue Scale for Motor and Cognitive Functions (FSMC) [ Time Frame: Month 0 to Month 3 ]Total score and 2 subscales (Motor and Cognitive)
- Chalder Fatigue Scale [ Time Frame: Month 0 to Month 3 ]
- Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS) [ Time Frame: Month 0 to Month 3 ]Consists of 3 subtests. 1. SMDT (total score), CVLT-II (2 scores: learning score and delayed recall), and BVMT-R (2 scores: learning score and delayed recall)
- Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) [ Time Frame: Month 3 ]
- Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, clinician rating, Version 5.0.0 [ Time Frame: Month 0 to Month 3 ]Dichotomous variable "Major Depressive Episode, Current (yes/no)" according to module A of the MINI.

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Ages Eligible for Study: | 18 Years to 65 Years (Adult, Older Adult) |
Sexes Eligible for Study: | All |
Accepts Healthy Volunteers: | No |
Inclusion criteria
- age > 18
- neurologist-confirmed diagnosis of MS (all forms)
- self-reported depressive symptoms (BDI-Fastscreen > 4)
- fluent in German or English (depending on study site),
- willingness to engage in self-administration of an iCBT intervention for 3 months and complete follow-up
- ability to travel to the outpatient center for two clinical assessments (baseline and month 3)
- internet access at home
Exclusion criteria:
- unwilling or unable to consent,
- diagnosis of bipolar or psychosis (as determined by M.I.N.I structured interview),
- substantial neurocognitive impairments such as dementia or autism
- moderate or high risk of suicide (according to MINI module C) or by clinical impression
- very severe depression that would interfere with the ability to participate in the study (based on clinical judgment by the physician at the recruitment site).
- current psychotherapy/behavioral treatments for depression
- started pharmacotherapy for depression within the last 2 months
- MS relapse or steroid treatment in the last 4 weeks
- concurrent participation in another clinical trial that includes an intervention
- refusal to saving, processing and forwarding of pseudonymized data

To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT02740361
United States, California | |
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center | |
Los Angeles, California, United States, 90048 | |
United States, Kansas | |
University of Missouri, Kansas City | |
Kansas City, Kansas, United States, 66103 | |
United States, Pennsylvania | |
Penn State University | |
State College, Pennsylvania, United States, 16801 | |
Germany | |
Charité University | |
Berlin, Germany, 10117 | |
Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf | |
Hamburg, Germany, 20246 |
Study Director: | Stefan M Gold, PhD | Charité University, Berlin | |
Principal Investigator: | Friedemann Paul, MD | Charité University, Berlin | |
Principal Investigator: | Christoph Heesen, MD | Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf | |
Principal Investigator: | Nancy Sicotte, MD | Cedars-Sinai Medical Center | |
Principal Investigator: | Jared Bruce, PhD | University of Missouri, Kansas City | |
Principal Investigator: | Sharon Lynch, MD | University of Missouri, Kansas City | |
Principal Investigator: | Peter Arnett, PhD | Penn State University | |
Principal Investigator: | Rona Moss-Morris, PhD | King's College London | |
Principal Investigator: | Tim Friede, PhD | University Medical Center Goettingen | |
Principal Investigator: | Björn Meyer, PhD | GAIA Group |
Responsible Party: | Friedemann Paul, Prof. Dr., Charite University, Berlin, Germany |
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | NCT02740361 |
Other Study ID Numbers: |
IDEMS RG-1507-05418 ( Other Grant/Funding Number: National Multiple Sclerosis Society ) |
First Posted: | April 15, 2016 Key Record Dates |
Last Update Posted: | July 29, 2021 |
Last Verified: | July 2021 |
Individual Participant Data (IPD) Sharing Statement: | |
Plan to Share IPD: | Yes |
Plan Description: | Anonymized individual data on the primary endpoint will be published alongside the trial report in a peer reviewed journal. |
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product: | No |
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product: | No |
Multiple Sclerosis Sclerosis Pathologic Processes Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases, CNS Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System |
Nervous System Diseases Demyelinating Diseases Autoimmune Diseases Immune System Diseases |