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Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus: Comparison Between Clobetasol Propionate, Photodynamic Therapy and Low-Intensity Laser (VLSCBCPPTLIL)

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ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02416531
Recruitment Status : Completed
First Posted : April 15, 2015
Last Update Posted : October 26, 2017
Sponsor:
Collaborator:
Hospital Perola Byington
Information provided by (Responsible Party):
Daniela de Fátima Teixeira da Silva, University of Nove de Julho

Study Description
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Brief Summary:
Vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) is a lymphocyte-mediated disease of unknown etiology that can cause intense itching as well stenosis, hindering the evacuation and urination. It can also limit the sex life due to severe local pruritus, pain and dyspareunia (pain during sexual intercourse). The standard treatment for this disease is the use of topical corticosteroids to reduce the clinical symptoms and to try to increase disease-free intervals. Photodynamic therapy (PDT), a treatment that associates a light radiation with a photosensitizing agent and low-level laser therapy (LLLT) are therapies that can promote effective immunomodulatory responses at the application site by means of photophysical and photochemical phenomena from the molecular to the systemic level, which promote their use in chronic dermatoses. The aim is to study and compare the effects of PDT, LLLT, and topical corticosteroid in VLS evaluating clinical, histological, immunohistochemical and spectroscopic responses. The study will be prospective, randomized, and controlled, in a population of 60 women with histological diagnoses of VLS, enrolled on the outpatient clinic of Genitoscopy Department of the Pérola Byington Hospital in São Paulo. There will be 3 treatments groups: PDT, LLLT and topical corticosteroid, where will be allocated by randomization 20 patients in each one. The clinical course will be monitored by measuring local temperature, itching, clamping (atrophy), and the appearance of the lesion. Histologically, the slides will be classified according to the Hewitt grading and will have the ordering of collagen fibers quantified. Immunohistochemical analysis will be done using the markers IFN-γ, TGF-β, CD4, CD8, IL-1, p53 and Ki-67. Finally, the spectroscopic evaluation will be done by reflectance. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses will be conducted to compare the groups and for associations between different responses.

Condition or disease Intervention/treatment Phase
Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus Drug: Clobetasol propionate Radiation: Photodynamic therapy Radiation: Low level laser therapy Not Applicable

Detailed Description:

Dosimetry and Experimental Groups: There is no dosimetric protocol established for the treatment of VLS with PDT, nor with LLLT. According to the literature, energy densities range from 9 to 150 J/cm2 and power densities from 40 to 700 mW/cm2, not to mention work that do not report the dosimetry used. As such, the dosimetry to be used in this study is based on a pilot clinical study performed by our group.

The patients will be randomized into 3 groups with 20 patients in each one:

Group GC: Corticosteroid over the whole vulva. Clobetasol propionate 0.05% ointment applied once daily at a dose of 1 g/application (1 g sachets) for 4 weeks.

Group GPDT: Localized photodynamic therapy at 8 points of the vulva. Methylene blue 0.01% intralesional, λ = 660 ± 10 nm, P = 100 mW, PD = 510 mW/cm2, E = 4 J, ED = 20 J/cm2, t = 40 s, once a week for 4 weeks.

Group GLLLT: Localized low-level laser therapy at 8 points of the vulva. The same parameters as for GPDT, except for the methylene blue, once a week for 4 weeks.

Analyses: The histological and immunohistochemical analyses will be performed before and 30 days after the start of treatment, whereas clinical analysis will be performed weekly on treatment days for the GPDT and GLLLT groups. The control group will not be seen weekly because the standard treatment is performed by the patients themselves, in their own homes, for 30 days as recommended by the International Society for the Study of Vulvar Disease (ISSVD).

After treatments the patients will be followed for verification of recorrence during one year, at minimum.

Study Design
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Study Type : Interventional  (Clinical Trial)
Actual Enrollment : 30 participants
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)
Primary Purpose: Treatment
Official Title: Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus: Therapeutic Comparison Between Clobetasol Propionate, Photodynamic Therapy and Low-Intensity Laser
Actual Study Start Date : January 2015
Actual Primary Completion Date : August 2016
Actual Study Completion Date : October 2017

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Arms and Interventions
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Arm Intervention/treatment
Active Comparator: Corticosteroid
Clobetasol propionate 0.05% ointment applied once daily at a dose of 1 g/application (1 g sachets) for 4 weeks.
 Drug: Clobetasol propionate
Clobetasol propionate 0.05% ointment applied once daily at a dose of 1 g/application (1 g sachets) for 4 weeks.
Other Name: Corticosteroid
Experimental: Photodynamic therapy
Methylene blue 0.01% intralesional, λ = 660 ± 10 nm, P = 100 mW, PD = 510 mW/cm2, E = 4 J, ED = 20 J/cm2, t = 40 s, once a week for 4 weeks.
 Radiation: Photodynamic therapy
Methylene blue 0.01% intralesional, λ = 660 ± 10 nm, P = 100 mW, PD = 510 mW/cm2, E = 4 J, ED = 20 J/cm2, t = 40 s, once a week for 4 weeks
Other Name: PDT
Experimental: Low level laser therapy
λ = 660 ± 10 nm, P = 100 mW, PD = 510 mW/cm2, E = 4 J, ED = 20 J/cm2, t = 40 s, once a week for 4 weeks.
 Radiation: Low level laser therapy
λ = 660 ± 10 nm, P = 100 mW, PD = 510 mW/cm2, E = 4 J, ED = 20 J/cm2, t = 40 s, once a week for 4 weeks
Other Name: LLLT


Outcome Measures
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Primary Outcome Measures :
  1. Change from baseline in biopsies at 1 month. [ Time Frame: Participants will be followed for 1 month during VLS's treatment. ]
    Biopsies will be performed at two points: at baseline to confirm the VLS and subsequent inclusion in the research protocol, and at the end of 30 days to investigate the prognosis after treatment.


Secondary Outcome Measures :
  1. Count cells per mm2 by immunohistochemical reaction of IFN-γ, TGF-β, CD4, CD8, IL-1, p53 and Ki-67. [ Time Frame: Participants will be followed for 1 month during VLS's treatment. ]
    Once deparaffinized, the tissue samples will be subjected to antigen retrieval, endogenous enzyme blocking, background blocking, incubations of antibodies, and counter-staining according to the instructions of the manufacturers. The cells that are positively stained by the immunohistochemical reaction will be counted with the aid of ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Maryland, USA) by two independent pathologists without prior knowledge of the experimental groups.

  2. Percentage of relative reflectance as assessed by In-Vivo Reflectance Spectroscopy. [ Time Frame: Participants will be followed for 1 month during VLS's treatment. ]
    A portable spectrophotometer (400-900 nm) comprising a light source and a fiber-optic probe will be used directly on the surface of the vulvar skin in areas affected by VLS and in healthy areas of the same patients. Relative spectra will be obtained for the wavelengths corresponding to those of the therapeutic window, and the percentage of relative reflectance will be calculated.

  3. Temperature, as assessed by infrared thermographic camera, in Celsius degrees. [ Time Frame: Participants will be followed for 1 month during VLS's treatment. ]
    Measurements will be recorded as images in all sessions before, during, and after irradiation to observe the thermal fluctuation in the procedures.

  4. Itching, as assessed by Visual Analog Scale. [ Time Frame: Participants will be followed for 1 month during VLS's treatment. ]
    In each session, the patients will be asked about the intensity of vulvar itching to assess its severity and duration, before and after irradiation, according to a visual analog scale.

  5. Clamping, as assessed by digital caliper, in mm. [ Time Frame: Participants will be followed for 1 month during VLS's treatment. ]
    The clamping of the lesion to monitor skin atrophy will be done before irradiation at each session, using a digital caliper, transversely and longitudinally in relation to the labia majora.

  6. Area, as assessed by digital camera, in cm2. [ Time Frame: Participants will be followed for 1 month during VLS's treatment. ]
    The appearance and area of the lesion will be monitored with a digital camera at every session, before irradiation. To facilitate measurements, a metric scale will be rested on all vulvas for the photos. The areas of the lesions will be quantified using ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Maryland, USA).

  7. Collagen birefringence, as assessed by polarized light microscope, in nm. [ Time Frame: Participants will be followed for 1 month during VLS's treatment. ]
    The correlation between birefringence and collagen ordering has been used since the 1960s. To the present date, polarized-light microscopy is an efficient method to quantify the change in collagen birefringence due to the effects of different agents. Since atrophy of the skin is a characteristic symptom of patients with VLS, the more detailed study of collagen fibers will elucidate the interaction of radiation with this type of tissue.


Eligibility Criteria
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Ages Eligible for Study:   18 Years and older   (Adult, Older Adult)
Sexes Eligible for Study:   Female
Accepts Healthy Volunteers:   No
Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

  • adult female patients (aged over 18 years);
  • vulvar lichen sclerosus diagnosed histologically;
  • normal level of cortisol confirmed by blood test.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • adult female patients under the age of 18;
  • patients with any kind of ongoing cancer and/or AIDS or coagulopathy, pregnant or breastfeeding women;
  • patients using corticosteroids, immunosuppressants or anticoagulants;
  • patients with renal, hepatic or pulmonary-cardiovascular failure;
  • patients who have undergone any kind of organ transplantation in the last three years.
Contacts and Locations
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Information from the National Library of Medicine

To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.

Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT02416531


Locations
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Brazil
Hospital Pérola Byington
São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 01314000
Sponsors and Collaborators
Daniela de Fátima Teixeira da Silva
Hospital Perola Byington
Investigators
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Principal Investigator: Daniela FT Silva, PhD University of Nove de Julho
More Information
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Publications:

Publications automatically indexed to this study by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number):

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Responsible Party: Daniela de Fátima Teixeira da Silva, Professor of Postgraduate program in Biophotonics applied to HealthSciences, University of Nove de Julho
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02416531    
Other Study ID Numbers: Lichen-768168
First Posted: April 15, 2015    Key Record Dates
Last Update Posted: October 26, 2017
Last Verified: October 2017
Keywords provided by Daniela de Fátima Teixeira da Silva, University of Nove de Julho:
Vulvar lichen sclerosus
Photodynamic therapy
Low-level laser therapy
Clobetasol propionate
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
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Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus
Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus
Lichenoid Eruptions
Skin Diseases, Papulosquamous
Skin Diseases
Vulvar Diseases
 Clobetasol
Anti-Inflammatory Agents
Glucocorticoids
Hormones
Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists
Physiological Effects of Drugs