Toilet Training Toddlers and Preschoolers
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ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01747343 |
Recruitment Status
:
Completed
First Posted
: December 11, 2012
Results First Posted
: September 1, 2014
Last Update Posted
: September 1, 2014
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Condition or disease | Intervention/treatment | Phase |
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Incontinence Enuresis | Behavioral: Underwear/Differential Reinforcement | Not Applicable |
First, the effects of the baseline toileting program are assessed. Baseline consists of prompting the child to use the bathroom approximately every 90 min (or more frequently if they independently request to do so). If the investigators observe low levels of continence, appropriate eliminations, and/or independent/self requests, components of the program are systematically altered to increase success. The ultimate goal is for the child to remain continent throughout the day, independently request (or initiate) toilet use, and appropriately eliminate in the toilet once in the bathroom. The following procedural modifications are made if high levels of success are not observed in baseline:
The first modification is to change the child's undergarment type. Specifically, underwear will be used, and it's effects will be evaluated to determine what effect (if any) underwear has on toileting performance.
The second modification is to conduct an individualized preference assessment to identify types of food and leisure items a given child prefers. This is done by having the child select items from an array (items selected based on direct observations of child and parent/teacher report) and allowing him/her access to the chosen item for a brief period of time. This will generate a list of preferred items/activities ranked in order of relative preference. Subsequently, the highest ranked items from the preference assessment will be arranged as reinforcers for continence, appropriate eliminations, and self-initiations. A third modification is to combine the above modifications to determine whether a combination of toilet training procedures enhances toileting performance (as compare to the implementation of individual toilet training procedures). This modification will be conducted while children wear underwear.
Study Type : | Interventional (Clinical Trial) |
Actual Enrollment : | 4 participants |
Intervention Model: | Single Group Assignment |
Masking: | None (Open Label) |
Primary Purpose: | Treatment |
Official Title: | Changing the Number of Accidents, Percentage of Appropriate Eliminations, and Number of Self-Initiations Across Toddlers and Preschoolers |
Study Start Date : | November 2012 |
Actual Primary Completion Date : | July 2013 |
Actual Study Completion Date : | July 2013 |
Arm | Intervention/treatment |
---|---|
Experimental: Underwear/Differential Reinforcement
All subjects will wear underwear followed by wearing underwear while receiving differential reinforcement.
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Behavioral: Underwear/Differential Reinforcement
Participants are going to be placed in underwear. Differential reinforcement will then be implemented.
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- Change in the Mean Number of Accidents Across Children [ Time Frame: 2 months minus baseline ]
- Change in the Mean Percentage of Appropriate Eliminations Across Children [ Time Frame: 2 months minus baseline ]
- Change in the Mean Number of Self-initiations to Sit on the Toilet Across Children [ Time Frame: 2 months minus baseline ]

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Ages Eligible for Study: | 18 Months and older (Child, Adult, Senior) |
Sexes Eligible for Study: | All |
Accepts Healthy Volunteers: | Yes |
Inclusion Criteria:
- Individual not yet toilet trained
Exclusion Criteria:

To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT01747343
United States, Kansas | |
Edna A. Hill Child Development Center at the University of Kansas | |
Lawrence, Kansas, United States, 66045 |
Principal Investigator: | Brian D Greer, Ph.D. | Doctoral Student (Graduated) |
Responsible Party: | University of Kansas |
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | NCT01747343 History of Changes |
Other Study ID Numbers: |
HSCL-17816 |
First Posted: | December 11, 2012 Key Record Dates |
Results First Posted: | September 1, 2014 |
Last Update Posted: | September 1, 2014 |
Last Verified: | August 2014 |
Keywords provided by University of Kansas:
Incontinence Enuresis |
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Enuresis Urinary Incontinence Nocturnal Enuresis Urination Disorders Urologic Diseases Behavioral Symptoms |
Elimination Disorders Mental Disorders Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Urological Manifestations Signs and Symptoms |