New DIETs: New Dietary Interventions Enhancing the Treatment for Weight Loss (New DIETs)

• ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01742572
• Recruitment Status: Completed
• First Posted: December 5, 2012
• Last Update Posted: April 18, 2019
• Sponsor: University of South Carolina
• Information provided by (Responsible Party): Brie Turner-McGrievy, University of South Carolina

Study Description

Brief Summary:

Several studies have shown differences in health-related outcomes by dietary pattern. These patterns have included those participants following vegan (no meat, poultry, fish, dairy, or eggs), vegetarian (no meat, poultry, or fish), pesco- vegetarian (no meat or poultry), semi-vegetarian (red meat and poultry ≥ 1 time/month and < 1 time/week), or omnivorous diets. These studies have shown that of these dietary patterns, vegans have the lowest BMIs, lowest prevalence of Type 2 diabetes, and lowest amount of weight gain over 5 years. In addition, vegetarians have significantly better metabolic risk factors as compared to non-vegetarians. While these initial observational studies have shown benefits to consuming more plant-based diets, there have been no randomized trials examining the differences in health outcomes among these dietary patterns. To begin exploring this research area, the investigators will conduct a pilot study which will randomize participants to one of the 5 dietary approaches. Participants (n=75) in the NEW DIETs Study will be recruited to follow their randomly assigned diet for 8 weeks and attend weekly sessions to learn about nutrition and cooking.

Condition or disease	Intervention/treatment	Phase
Overweight; Obesity	Behavioral: Diet	Not Applicable

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Study Design

• Study Type: Interventional (Clinical Trial)
• Actual Enrollment: 63 participants
• Allocation: Randomized
• Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)
• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Official Title: NEW Dietary Interventions to Enhance the Treatments for Weight Loss (NEW DIETs for Weight Loss Study)
• Study Start Date: November 2012
• Actual Primary Completion Date: August 2013
• Actual Study Completion Date: August 2013

Arms and Interventions

Arm	Intervention/treatment
Experimental: Vegan; A vegan diet is one that does not contain any animal products (no meat, fish, poultry, eggs, or dairy) but emphasizes plant-based foods, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes/beans. We will also ask you to keep foods low in fat and low in glycemic index.	Behavioral: Diet; Change in dietary intake
Experimental: Vegetarian; A vegetarian diet is one that does not contain meat, fish, or poultry but does contain eggs and dairy, in addition to plant-based foods, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes/beans. We will also ask you to keep foods low in fat and low in glycemic index.	Behavioral: Diet; Change in dietary intake
Experimental: Pesco-Vegetarian; A pesco-vegetarian diet is one that does not contain meat or poultry but does contain fish and shellfish, eggs, and dairy, in addition to plant-based foods, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes/beans. We will also ask you to keep foods low in fat and low in glycemic index.	Behavioral: Diet; Change in dietary intake
Experimental: Semi-Vegetarian; A semi-vegetarian diet is one that contains all foods, including meat, poultry, fish and shellfish, eggs, and dairy, in addition to plant-based foods, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes/beans. However, red meat is limited to one time per week and poultry is limited to 5 times per week or less. We will also ask you to keep foods low in fat and low in glycemic index.	Behavioral: Diet; Change in dietary intake
Active Comparator: Omnivorous; An omnivorous diet contains all food groups. However, as part of this study, we will ask participants in this group to keep foods low in fat and low in glycemic index. Participants in this group will not need to attend weekly meetings but will receive information via e-mail each week.	Behavioral: Diet; Change in dietary intake

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures :

1. Weight Loss [ Time Frame: 8 weeks ]

Secondary Outcome Measures :

1. Dietary Intake [ Time Frame: 8 weeks ]
   Changes in dietary intake will be measured using 2 days of 24-hour dietary recalls

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 Years to 65 Years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Sexes Eligible for Study: All
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

• be between the ages of 18-65
• have access to a computer with Internet capabilities
• be overweight (Body Mass Index of 25-49.9)
• be able to attend weekly evening meetings at the University of South Carolina in Columbia, SC (up to 8 total) starting late January 2013.

Exclusion Criteria: Participants will be ineligible to participate if they:

• have a Body Mass Index less than 25 or greater than 49.9 kg/m2
• are currently pregnant
• are younger than 18 or older than 65 years of age
• are unable to attend weekly meetings for 8 weeks
• don't have access to the Internet and a computer
• don't have access to a scale for self-monitoring weight
• aren't willing to be randomized to one of five dietary groups
• have a psychiatric disease, drug or alcohol dependency, or uncontrolled thyroid condition
• have a major health condition, such as heart conditions, diabetes, and past incidence of stroke
• have an eating disorder (participants will be screened using the Eating Attitudes Test screener—participants who do not pass this screener will be asked to contact their physician)
• currently participating in a weight loss program or taking weight loss medications
• currently following a vegan, vegetarian, or pesco-vegetarian diet

Contacts and Locations

Locations

United States, South Carolina

University of South Carolina

Columbia, South Carolina, United States, 29208

Sponsors and Collaborators

University of South Carolina

Investigators

• Principal Investigator: Brie Turner-McGrievy, PhD, MS, RD; University of South Carolina

More Information

Publications automatically indexed to this study by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number):

Turner-McGrievy GM, Wirth MD, Shivappa N, Wingard EE, Fayad R, Wilcox S, Frongillo EA, Hébert JR. Randomization to plant-based dietary approaches leads to larger short-term improvements in Dietary Inflammatory Index scores and macronutrient intake compared with diets that contain meat. Nutr Res. 2015 Feb;35(2):97-106. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2014.11.007. Epub 2014 Dec 3.

• Responsible Party: Brie Turner-McGrievy, Assistant Professor, University of South Carolina
• ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01742572 History of Changes
• Other Study ID Numbers: Pro00021116
• First Posted: December 5, 2012
• Last Update Posted: April 18, 2019
• Last Verified: April 2019

Keywords provided by Brie Turner-McGrievy, University of South Carolina:

weight loss; obesity; overweight; diet

Additional relevant MeSH terms:

Overweight; Weight Loss; Body Weight; Signs and Symptoms; Body Weight Changes