Implementation Effectiveness and Safety of Tenofovir Gel Provision Through Family Planning Services

• ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01691768
• Recruitment Status: Completed
• First Posted: September 25, 2012
• Results First Posted: November 26, 2019
• Last Update Posted: November 26, 2019
• Sponsor: Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa
• Collaborators: CONRAD; Gilead Sciences; FHI 360; Institute for Healthcare Improvement
• Information provided by (Responsible Party): Dr Quarraisha Abdool Karim, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa

Study Description

Brief Summary:

The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of an implementation model which integrates tenofovir gel provision into existing family planning services.

Condition or disease	Intervention/treatment	Phase
HIV	Drug: 1% tenofovir gel	Phase 2; Phase 3

Detailed Description:

The CAPRISA 008 trial is a two-arm, open-label, randomized controlled trial that is being conducted at the CAPRISA eThekwini and CAPRISA Vulindlela Clinics and their neighboring public sector family planning services in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Up to 700 consenting sexually active, HIV-uninfected women aged 18 years and older who previously participated in an antiretroviral (ARV) prevention study will be enrolled and followed for a maximum 30 months. All women will be provided with 1% tenofovir gel but will be randomised to either receive their gel through a public sector family planning services with 2-3 monthly provision (intervention arm) or through the CAPRISA research clinics with monthly provision (control arm).

All women in the trial will be provided with the standard package of HIV prevention and reproductive health services. Participants in both study arms will be provided with a supply of single-use, pre-filled applicators of 1% tenofovir gel. While in the study, participants will be advised and supported to follow the CAPRISA 004 pre- and post-dosing strategy, namely BAT24, where the first dose of tenofovir gel is applied within 12 hours before anticipated coitus and a second dose as soon as possible but within 12 hours after coitus, with a maximum of two doses of gel in a 24-hour period.

The primary objective of this trial is to assess the effectiveness of an implementation model for tenofovir gel provision through family planning services.

Study Design

• Study Type: Interventional (Clinical Trial)
• Actual Enrollment: 372 participants
• Allocation: Randomized
• Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)
• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Official Title: Open-Label Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess the Implementation Effectiveness and Safety of 1% Tenofovir Gel Provision Through Family Planning Services in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
• Study Start Date: October 2012
• Actual Primary Completion Date: April 2015
• Actual Study Completion Date: December 2015

Arms and Interventions

Arm	Intervention/treatment
Experimental: Intervention; 1% tenofovir gel provision through a public sector family planning services with 2-3 monthly provision and monitoring and the use of Quality Improvement methodology to promote reliable service delivery	Drug: 1% tenofovir gel; Participants will be randomized to receive 1% tenofovir gel through either: Public sector family planning services with 2-3 monthly provision and monitoring of 1% tenofovir gel and the use of QI methodology to promote reliable service delivery (intervention arm), or; The CAPRISA research clinics with monthly provision and monitoring of 1% tenofovir gel (control arm).
Active Comparator: Control; monthly 1% tenofovir gel provision and monitoring through CAPRISA research clinics	Drug: 1% tenofovir gel; Participants will be randomized to receive 1% tenofovir gel through either: Public sector family planning services with 2-3 monthly provision and monitoring of 1% tenofovir gel and the use of QI methodology to promote reliable service delivery (intervention arm), or; The CAPRISA research clinics with monthly provision and monitoring of 1% tenofovir gel (control arm).

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures :

1. Mean Number of Returned Used Applicators Per Month (i.e in 30 Days) [ Time Frame: Between 2012 to 2015, up to 28 months ]
   The primary endpoint is the mean number of returned used applicators per month. Since participants in the intervention arm followed two and three monthly schedule (as opposed to monthly in the intervention arm), the number of returned used applicators per month for each participant will be estimated as the total number of returned applicators at that visit divided by the number of days since the previous visit, multiplied by 30. Thus a uniform distribution of gel use will be assumed in participants whom we did not see monthly. Intent to treat and per protocol analyses were carried out of this outcome. Intent to treat population includes all participants who were randomized, met pre-randomization eligibility criteria and who have post-enrollment follow-up data. The per protocol population is a subset of the intent to treat population.The per-protocol analysis excluded visits where no gel had been dispensed for >120 days.

Secondary Outcome Measures :

1. HIV Incidence Rates [ Time Frame: Between 2012 and 2015, up to 28 months ]
   Time to HIV infection was calculated as the difference between estimated date of infection (midpoint between the last negative HIV test date and the first confirmed positive HIV test date) and enrolment date, plus one. Where a participant has a positive PCR and a negative rapid test on the same date, the date of infection is calculated as 14 days prior to this date. Women who do not become HIV positive before their last study visit will be censored on the day of their last negative HIV test. Their follow-up time will be calculated as the difference between date of censoring and enrolment date, plus one.
2. Pregnancy Incidence Rates [ Time Frame: Between 2012 and 2015, up to 28 months ]
   Time to pregnancy, was as the difference between the estimated date of conception and the enrolment date, plus one. The date of conception was defined as 14 days after the last normal menstrual period or the estimated date of delivery minus 40 weeks if the first date of last normal menstrual period is not available or the midpoint between the date of the first positive pregnancy test and the date of the previous negative pregnancy test. The censoring time for a woman who did not become pregnant during the study equals the difference between the calculated censoring date and the enrolment date, plus one.
3. Percentage of Participants Achieving Adherence >80%. [ Time Frame: Between 2012 and 2015, up to 28 months ]
   Self-reported adherence to the tenofovir gel dosing strategy.Gel adherence was defined as the estimated proportion of reported sex acts covered by two gel doses and calculated for each woman by dividing half the number of returned used applicators each month by the number of reported sex acts that month.For participants attending 2-3 monthly clinic visits, their number of gels used in the last 30 days will be estimated as the total number of returned used gels, divided by the number of days between the current and the previous visit, times 30.
4. HIV Viral Load Among HIV Seroconverters [ Time Frame: Between 2012 and 2015, up to 28 months ]
   This is mean log transformed HIV viral load measured at the first visit post HIV infection.
5. Tenofovir Resistance Among HIV Seroconverters [ Time Frame: Between 2012 and 2015, up to 28 months ]
6. Human Papillomavirus Incidence Rates [ Time Frame: Between 2012 and 2015, up to 28 months ]
   For the calculation of the incidence rate, seroconversion was assumed to have occurred at the midpoint between the first positive HPV test and the previous HPV negative test.
7. Percentage of Participants With Detectable Tenofovir Levels From Vaginal Samples at 12 Months of Follow-up [ Time Frame: All participants with drug levels at 12 months of follow-up ]
   Percentage of participants with detectable tenofovir levels from vaginal samples at 12 months of follow-up. All drug levels below limit of quantification were considered to be undetectable.
8. Product Acceptability [ Time Frame: At study completion, up to 28 months ]
   This is the number of participants who reported that they liked the study product. The questionnaire was administered at study exit, therefore participants who were loss to follow-up and those who died could not complete the questionnaire.

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 Years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Sexes Eligible for Study: Female
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age 18 years and older
• Women who previously participated in an ARV prevention study
• Currently utilizing or agreeing to attend designated public sector family planning services
• Able and willing to provide first person informed consent to be screened for, and to enroll in, the study
• Able and willing to provide adequate locator information for study retention purposes
• Sexually active (at least one coital act in the last 3 months prior to screening)
• HIV negative (by HIV testing performed by study staff within 30 days of enrollment)
• Negative pregnancy test performed by study staff within 21 days of enrollment
• Agree to use a non-barrier form of contraceptive
• Agree to adhere to study visits and procedures

Exclusion Criteria:

• Has a creatinine clearance < 50ml/min
• Has any other condition that, based on the opinion of the Investigator or designee, would preclude provision of informed consent, make participation in the study unsafe, complicate interpretation of study outcome data, or otherwise interfere with achieving the study objectives

Contacts and Locations

Locations

South Africa

CAPRISA eThekwini Clinical Research Site

Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, 4001

CAPRISA Vulindlela Clinical Research Site

Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Sponsors and Collaborators

Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa

CONRAD

Gilead Sciences

FHI 360

Institute for Healthcare Improvement

Investigators

• Principal Investigator: Quarraisha Abdool Karim, PhD; Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa

More Information

Additional Information:

Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa web site 

Publications:

Abdool Karim Q, Abdool Karim SS, Frohlich JA, Grobler AC, Baxter C, Mansoor LE, Kharsany AB, Sibeko S, Mlisana KP, Omar Z, Gengiah TN, Maarschalk S, Arulappan N, Mlotshwa M, Morris L, Taylor D; CAPRISA 004 Trial Group. Effectiveness and safety of tenofovir gel, an antiretroviral microbicide, for the prevention of HIV infection in women. Science. 2010 Sep 3;329(5996):1168-74. doi: 10.1126/science.1193748. Epub 2010 Jul 19. Erratum in: Science. 2011 Jul 29;333(6042):524.

Publications automatically indexed to this study by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number):

Mngadi KT, Singh JA, Mansoor LE, Wassenaar DR. Undue inducement: a case study in CAPRISA 008. J Med Ethics. 2017 Dec;43(12):824-828. doi: 10.1136/medethics-2016-103414. Epub 2017 Mar 27.

Mansoor LE, Abdool Karim Q, Mngadi KT, Dlamini S, Montague C, Nkomonde N, Mvandaba N, Baxter C, Gengiah TN, Samsunder N, Dawood H, Grobler A, Frohlich JA, Abdool Karim SS. Assessing the implementation effectiveness and safety of 1% tenofovir gel provision through family planning services in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: study protocol for an open-label randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2014 Dec 19;15:496. doi: 10.1186/1745-6215-15-496.

• Responsible Party: Dr Quarraisha Abdool Karim, Associate Scientific Director, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa
• ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01691768
• Obsolete Identifiers: NCT01645813
• Other Study ID Numbers: CAPRISA008
• First Posted: September 25, 2012
• Results First Posted: November 26, 2019
• Last Update Posted: November 26, 2019
• Last Verified: November 2019

Keywords provided by Dr Quarraisha Abdool Karim, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa:

microbicides; women; HIV prevention; PrEP; Tenofovir gel

Additional relevant MeSH terms:

Tenofovir; Antiviral Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors; Enzyme Inhibitors; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Anti-HIV Agents