Brief Interventions to Create Smoke-Free Home Policies in Low-Income Households

Study Description

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Brief Summary:

The burden of tobacco use falls disproportionately on low-income populations, through high rates of primary smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke. The remarkable progress in creating smoke-free environments in the U.S. over the past two decades has left smoker's homes as one of the primary sources of exposure to secondhand smoke for both children and nonsmoking adults. Intervention research that identifies effective and practical strategies for reaching the minority of households that still allow smoking in the home has considerable potential to reduce smoke exposure, but suitable channels to reach low-income families are limited. The proposed research will develop, evaluate and disseminate a brief smoke-free homes intervention through the established national infrastructure of 2-1-1 call centers. 2-1-1 is a nationally designated 3-digit telephone exchange, similar to 9-1-1 for emergencies or 4-1-1 for directory assistance, that links callers to community-based health and social services.

The proposed research has four specific aims: 1) Conduct formative research on intervention messages and materials for promoting smoke-free homes in low-income populations, applicable to both smokers and nonsmokers as household change agents; 2) Conduct a randomized controlled trial in the Atlanta 2-1-1 service area to evaluate the efficacy of a brief intervention to create smoke-free homes among 2-1-1 callers; 3) Conduct replication studies in Houston and North Carolina 2-1-1 systems to systematically test the intervention in varied populations and tobacco control climates, and 4) Disseminate the research-tested smoke-free homes intervention through a variety of mechanisms including a national grants program to 2-1-1 systems and through the Tobacco Technical Assistance Consortium's linkages to the state and local tobacco control infrastructure in the U.S.

Condition or disease	Intervention/treatment	Phase
Chronic Diseases	Behavioral: Educational print materials and a coaching call	Not Applicable

Study Design

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Study Type :	Interventional (Clinical Trial)
Actual Enrollment :	500 participants
Allocation:	Randomized
Intervention Model:	Parallel Assignment
Masking:	Single (Outcomes Assessor)
Primary Purpose:	Treatment
Official Title:	Brief Interventions to Create Smoke-Free Home Policies in Low-Income Households
Study Start Date :	June 2012
Actual Primary Completion Date :	July 2013
Actual Study Completion Date :	July 2013

Arms and Interventions

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Arm	Intervention/treatment
No Intervention: Control; Participant receives usual care
Experimental: Intervention; Intervention group participants receive three sets of mailed educational materials about making their home smoke-free and one coaching call.	Behavioral: Educational print materials and a coaching call; Intervention group participants receive three sets of mailed educational materials about making their home smoke-free and one coaching call.

Outcome Measures

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Primary Outcome Measures :

1. Presence of a total home smoking ban [ Time Frame: Change from baseline in reported total home smoking bans at 3-month and 6-month follow-up ]

Secondary Outcome Measures :

1. Weekly secondhand smoke exposure for non-smokers [ Time Frame: Change from baseline in reported secondhand smoke exposure for non-smokers at 3-month and 6-month follow-up ]
2. Cessation attempts (for smokers) [ Time Frame: Change from baseline in reported cessation attempts (for smokers) at 3-month and 6-month follow-up ]
3. Number of cigarettes smokes (for smokers) [ Time Frame: Change from baseline in reported number of cigarettes smoked (for smokers) at 3-month and 6-month follow-up ]
4. Stage of change to quit smoking (for smokers) [ Time Frame: Change from baseline in stage of change to quit smoking (for smokers) at 3-month and 6-month follow-up ]
5. Successful cessation (for smokers) [ Time Frame: Change from baseline in successful cessation (for smokers) at 3-month and 6-month follow-up ]

Eligibility Criteria

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Ages Eligible for Study:	18 Years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
Sexes Eligible for Study:	All
Accepts Healthy Volunteers:	Yes

Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

• Must be 18 years of age or older.
• Must speak and understand English.
• Must smoke and live with at least one other non-smoking person OR be a non-smoker who lives with a smoker(s).
• Must not have a total smoking ban in their home.

Exclusion Criteria:

Contacts and Locations

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Locations

United States, Georgia
Emory University Rollins School of Public Health
Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 30322

Sponsors and Collaborators

Emory University

National Cancer Institute (NCI)

University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston

Washington University School of Medicine

Investigators

Principal Investigator:	Michelle Kegler, DrPH	Emory University

More Information

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Publications of Results:

Kegler MC, Bundy L, Haardörfer R, Escoffery C, Berg C, Yembra D, Kreuter M, Hovell M, Williams R, Mullen PD, Ribisl K, Burnham D. A minimal intervention to promote smoke-free homes among 2-1-1 callers: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Public Health. 2015 Mar;105(3):530-7. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302260. Epub 2015 Jan 20.

Other Publications:

Kegler MC, Escoffery C, Bundy L, Berg CJ, Haardörfer R, Yembra D, Schauer G. Pilot study results from a brief intervention to create smoke-free homes. J Environ Public Health. 2012;2012:951426. doi: 10.1155/2012/951426. Epub 2012 May 17.

Berg CJ, Bundy L, Escoffery C, Haardörfer R, Kegler MC. Telephone-assisted placement of air nicotine monitors to validate self-reported smoke-free home policies. Public Health. 2013 Apr;127(4):342-4. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2013.01.002. Epub 2013 Mar 6.

Escoffery C, Bundy L, Carvalho M, Yembra D, Haardörfer R, Berg C, Kegler MC. Third-hand smoke as a potential intervention message for promoting smoke-free homes in low-income communities. Health Educ Res. 2013 Oct;28(5):923-30. doi: 10.1093/her/cyt056. Epub 2013 May 13.

Publications automatically indexed to this study by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number):

Kegler MC, Haardӧrfer R, Berg C, Escoffery C, Bundy L, Williams R, Mullen PD. Challenges in Enforcing Home Smoking Rules in a Low-Income Population: Implications for Measurement and Intervention Design. Nicotine Tob Res. 2016 May;18(5):976-81. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntv165. Epub 2015 Aug 5.

Responsible Party:	Michelle C. Kegler, Director, Emory Prevention Research Center, & Professor, Emory University
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:	NCT01625468 History of Changes
Other Study ID Numbers:	IRB00056797; U01CA154282-01 ( U.S. NIH Grant/Contract )
First Posted:	June 21, 2012
Last Update Posted:	March 10, 2015
Last Verified:	March 2015

Keywords provided by Michelle C. Kegler, Emory University:

Secondhand smoke exposure; Smoke-free homes; Smoke-free home bans

Additional relevant MeSH terms:

Chronic Disease; Disease Attributes; Pathologic Processes