Effect Of Pregabalin Treatment In Patients With Diabetic Nerve Pain Who Currently Use A Non-Steroid Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID) For Another Pain

• ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01455415
• Recruitment Status: Completed
• First Posted: October 20, 2011
• Results First Posted: April 23, 2015
• Last Update Posted: April 23, 2015
• Sponsor: Pfizer
• Information provided by (Responsible Party): Pfizer

Study Description

Brief Summary:

This study is to test the effectiveness of pregabalin in treating nerve pain caused by diabetes. The suitable subjects will be patients who also use an non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug for another pain which is not related to the diabetic nerve pain.

Condition or disease	Intervention/treatment	Phase
Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy	Drug: pregabalin; Drug: placebo	Phase 3

Study Design

• Study Type: Interventional (Clinical Trial)
• Actual Enrollment: 306 participants
• Allocation: Randomized
• Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: Double (Participant, Investigator)
• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Official Title: A Study Of Pregabalin In The Treatment Of Subjects With Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy With Background Treatment Of Nsaid For Other Pain Conditions
• Study Start Date: December 2011
• Actual Primary Completion Date: November 2013
• Actual Study Completion Date: December 2013

Arms and Interventions

Arm	Intervention/treatment
Experimental: 1: Pregabalin	Drug: pregabalin; 150 - 300 mg/day in divided dose (3 time a day) for 6 weeks
Placebo Comparator: 2: Placebo	Drug: placebo; matching placebo 3 time a day

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures :

1. Average Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) Pain Based on a Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) Over the Last 7 Days of Each Treatment Period (Week 6 of Each Treatment Period) [ Time Frame: End of Period (includes both Visits 5 and 9) ]
   The daily pain diary consisted of an 11-point numeric scale ranging from 0 ("no pain") to 10 ("worst possible pain"). Participants described their pain during the past 24 hours by having chosen the appropriate number between 0 and 10. Self assessment was performed daily in the evening before bedtime on a telephone via interactive voice recognition system (IVRS) (time window for completion between 6.00 pm to midnight). The endpoint mean pain score was defined as the mean of the last 7 daily diary pain ratings while taking study drug in each treatment period - period 1 and period 2, respectively. A rating of 1 - 3 was considered as mild pain; 4 - 6 as moderate pain; and 7 - 10 as severe pain.

Secondary Outcome Measures :

1. Percentage of Participants Achieving 30% Reduction in Mean DPN Pain Score From Baseline at the End of Each Treatment Period (Week 6 of Each Treatment Period) [ Time Frame: End of Period (includes both Visits 5 and 9) ]
   Daily pain diary consisted of an 11-point numeric scale ranging from 0 ("no pain") to 10 ("worst possible pain"). Participants described their pain during the past 24 hours by having chosen the appropriate number between 0 and 10. Self assessment was performed daily in the evening before bedtime on a telephone via IVRS (time window for completion between 6.00 pm to midnight). The endpoint mean pain score was defined as the mean of the last 7 daily diary pain ratings while taking study drug in each treatment period - period 1 and period 2, respectively. A rating of 1 - 3 was considered as mild pain; 4 - 6 as moderate pain; and 7 - 10 as severe pain.
2. Percentage of Participants Achieving 50% Reduction in Mean DPN Pain Score From Baseline at the End of Each Treatment Period (Week 6 of Each Treatment Period) [ Time Frame: End of Period (includes both Visits 5 and 9) ]
   Daily pain diary consisted of an 11-point numeric scale ranging from 0 ("no pain") to 10 ("worst possible pain"). Participants described their pain during the past 24 hours by having chosen the appropriate number between 0 and 10. Self assessment was performed daily in the evening before bedtime on a telephone via IVRS (time window for completion between 6.00 pm to midnight). The endpoint mean pain score was defined as the mean of the last 7 daily diary pain ratings while taking study drug in each treatment period - period 1 and period 2, respectively. A rating of 1 - 3 was considered as mild pain; 4 - 6 as moderate pain; and 7 - 10 as severe pain.
3. Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form (BPI-sf) Score for Pain-Severity Domain at the End of Each Treatment Period (Week 6 of Each Treatment Period) [ Time Frame: End of Period (includes both Visits 5 and 9) ]
   The BPI-sf is a self-administered questionnaire developed to assess the severity of pain and the impact of pain on daily functions during a 24 hour period prior to evaluation. Four items measure pain (0: no pain; 10: worst pain possible) at its "worst, "least", "average", and "now" (current pain) on an 11-point scale. Scores range from 0 - 10 with higher scores indicating greater pain severity.
4. BPI-sf Score for Pain-Interference Domain at the End of Each Treatment Period (Week 6 of Each Treatment Period) [ Time Frame: End of Period (includes both Visits 5 and 9) ]
   The BPI-sf is a self-administered questionnaire developed to assess the severity of pain and the impact of pain on daily functions during a 24 hour period prior to evaluation. Seven sub-questions evaluates the level of interference of pain on daily functioning (general activity, walking, work ability, mood, enjoyment of life, relations with other people, and sleep) on an 11-point scale (0: does not interfere; 10: completely interferes). Scores range from 0 - 10 with higher scores indicating greater interference.
5. Mean Sleep Interference Rating Score at the End of Each Treatment Period (Week 6 of Each Treatment Period) [ Time Frame: End of Period (includes both Visits 5 and 9) ]
   The daily sleep diary consists of an 11-point numeric rating scale with which the participant rates how painful DPN pain has interfered with their sleep during the past 24 hours. Zero indicates "does not interfere with sleep" and 10 indicates "completely interferes (unable to sleep due to pain)". Self assessment was performed daily in the evening before bedtime on a telephone via IVRS (time window for completion between 6.00 pm to midnight) after completion of the daily pain diary.
6. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - Anxiety (HADS-A) Total Score at the End of Each Treatment Period (Week 6 of Each Treatment Period) [ Time Frame: End of Period (includes both Visits 5 and 9) ]
   The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a 14- item self-administered questionnaire that consists of 2 scales, one measuring anxiety (HADS-A), and the other measuring depression (HADS-D). Each subscale consists of 7 statements and the participant responds as to how each item applies to him/her over the past week on 4- point response scale. Separate scores are calculated for anxiety and depression and a score (ranging from 0 to 21) is obtained for each subscale. The higher the score, the more severe the anxiety or depression.
7. HADS-D Total Score at the End of Each Treatment Period (Week 6 of Each Treatment Period) [ Time Frame: End of Period (includes both Visits 5 and 9) ]
   HADS is a 14- item self-administered questionnaire that consists of 2 scales, one measuring anxiety (HADS-A), and the other measuring depression (HADS-D). Each subscale consists of 7 statements and the participant responds as to how each item applies to him/her over the past week on 4- point response scale. Separate scores are calculated for anxiety and depression and a score (ranging from 0 to 21) is obtained for each subscale. The higher the score, the more severe the anxiety or depression.
8. Norfolk Quality of Life-Diabetic Neuropathy (Norfolk QOL-DN) Total Quality of Life (TQOL) Score at the End of Each Treatment Period (Week 6 of Each Treatment Period) [ Time Frame: End of Period (includes both Visits 5 and 9) ]
   Norfolk QOL-DN is a 35-item participant-rated questionnaire used to assess impact of diabetic neuropathy on quality of life of participants with diabetic neuropathy. All symptoms (1 - 7) are scored as either 1 or 0, indicating presence or absence of the symptom. With exception of questions 31 and 32, the other items are scored according to the 5-point Likert Scale (0 - 4, "no problem" to "severe problem"). In question 31, "good", the middle item, is scored as 0, "very good" as -1, "excellent" as -2, "fair" as 1, and "poor" as 2. In question 32, "about the same", the middle item, is scored as 0, "somewhat better" as -1, "much better" as -2, "somewhat worse" as 1, and "much worse" as 2. TQOL score should be summed as follow: sum (Σ) (1 - 7, 8 - 35). The (sub)scales are calculated without weighting of any kind, and reported as the integer sum of listed questionnaire items (range: -4 - 136). The QOL-DN version that was administered in this study was modified with a 2-week recall period.
9. Norfolk QOL-DN Symptoms Domain Score at the End of Each Treatment Period (Week 6 of Each Treatment Period) [ Time Frame: End of Period (includes both Visits 5 and 9) ]
   Norfolk QOL-DN is a 35-item participant-rated questionnaire used to assess the impact of diabetic neuropathy on quality of life of participants with diabetic neuropathy. All symptoms (1 - 7) are scored as either 1 or 0, indicating presence or absence of the symptom. Item 9 is scored according to the 5-point Likert Scale (0 - 4, "no problem" to "severe problem"). The symptoms domain score should be summed as follow: Σ (1 - 7, 9). The scales and subscales are calculated without weighting of any kind, and reported as the integer sum of the listed questionnaire items (range: 0 - 32). The QOL-DN version that was administered in this study was modified with a 2-week recall period.
10. Norfolk QOL-DN Activities of Daily Living Domain Score at the End of Each Treatment Period (Week 6 of Each Treatment Period) [ Time Frame: End of Period (includes both Visits 5 and 9) ]
    Norfolk QOL-DN is a 35-item participant-rated questionnaire used to assess the impact of diabetic neuropathy on quality of life of participants with diabetic neuropathy. The items are scored according to the 5-point Likert Scale (0 - 4, "no problem" to "severe problem"). Activities of the daily living domain score should be summed as follow: Σ (12, 22, 23, 25, 26). Scales and subscales are calculated without weighting of any kind, and reported as integer sum of listed questionnaire items (range: 0 - 20). The QOL-DN version that was administered in the study was modified with a 2-week recall period.
11. Norfolk QOL-DN Physical Functioning / Large Fiber Domain Score at the End of Each Treatment Period (Week 6 of Each Treatment Period) [ Time Frame: End of Period (includes both Visits 5 and 9) ]
    Norfolk QOL-DN is a 35-item participant-rated questionnaire used to assess the impact of diabetic neuropathy on quality of life of participants with diabetic neuropathy. With exception of questions 31 and 32, items are scored according to the 5-point Likert Scale (0 - 4, "no problem" to "severe problem"). In question 31, "good", middle item, is scored as 0, "very good" as -1 , "excellent" as -2, "fair" as 1, and "poor" as 2. In question 32, "about the same", middle item, is scored as 0, "somewhat better" as -1, "much better" as -2, "somewhat worse" as 1, and "much worse" as 2. Physical functioning / large fiber domain score should be summed as follow: Σ (8, 11, 13 - 15, 24, 27 - 35). Scales and subscales are calculated without weighting of any kind, and reported as integer sum of listed questionnaire items (range: -4 - 56). QOL-DN version that was administered in the study was modified with a 2-week recall period.
12. Norfolk QOL-DN Small Fiber Domain Score at the End of Each Treatment Period (Week 6 of Each Treatment Period) [ Time Frame: End of Period (includes both Visits 5 and 9) ]
    Norfolk QOL-DN is a 35-item participant-rated questionnaire used to assess impact of diabetic neuropathy on quality of life of participants with diabetic neuropathy. The items are scored according to the 5-point Likert Scale (0 - 4, "no problem" to "severe problem"). The small fiber domain score should be summed as follow: Σ (10, 16, 17, 18). Scales and subscales are calculated without weighting of any kind, and reported as integer sum of the listed questionnaire items (range: 0 - 16). The QOL-DN version that was administered in this study was modified with a 2-week recall period.
13. Norfolk QOL-DN Autonomic Domain Score at the End of Each Treatment Period (Week 6 of Each Treatment Period) [ Time Frame: End of Period (includes both Visits 5 and 9) ]
    Norfolk QOL-DN is a 35-item participant-rated questionnaire used to assess the impact of diabetic neuropathy on quality of life of participants with diabetic neuropathy. The items are scored according to the 5-point Likert Scale (0 - 4, "no problem" to "severe problem"). The autonomic domain score should be summed as follow: Σ (19, 20, 21). The scales and subscales are calculated without weighting of any kind, and reported as the integer sum of the listed questionnaire items (range: 0 - 12). The QOL-DN version that was administered in this study was modified with a 2-week recall period.
14. Euro QoL-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) Mobility Domain Score at the End of Each Treatment Period (Week 6 of Each Treatment Period) [ Time Frame: End of Period (includes both Visits 5 and 9) ]
    EQ-5D is a participant-completed 5-item questionnaire designed to assess health related quality of life in terms of a single index value or utility score. There are 5 dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain / discomfort, and anxiety / depression. Each dimension is rated on a 3-point response scale (no problems, some/moderate problems, extreme problems) and the scores are combined to form a single index utility value between 0 and 1 with higher scores indicating better health.
15. EQ-5D Self-Care Domain Score at the End of Each Treatment Period (Week 6 of Each Treatment Period) [ Time Frame: End of Period (includes both Visits 5 and 9) ]
    EQ-5D is a participant-completed 5-item questionnaire designed to assess health related quality of life in terms of a single index value or utility score. There are 5 dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain / discomfort, and anxiety / depression. Each dimension is rated on a 3-point response scale [1 = no problems, 2 = some/moderate problems, 3 = extreme problems] and the scores are combined to form a single index utility value between 0 and 1 with higher scores indicating better health.
16. EQ-5D Usual Activities Domain Score at the End of Each Treatment Period (Week 6 of Each Treatment Period) [ Time Frame: End of Period (includes both Visits 5 and 9) ]
    EQ-5D is a participant-completed 5-item questionnaire designed to assess health related quality of life in terms of a single index value or utility score. There are 5 dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain / discomfort, and anxiety / depression. Each dimension is rated on a 3-point response scale [1 = no problems, 2 = some/moderate problems, 3 = extreme problems] and the scores are combined to form a single index utility value between 0 and 1 with higher scores indicating better health.
17. EQ-5D Pain / Discomfort Domain Score at the End of Each Treatment Period (Week 6 of Each Treatment Period) [ Time Frame: End of Period (includes both Visits 5 and 9) ]
    EQ-5D is a participant-completed 5-item questionnaire designed to assess health related quality of life in terms of a single index value or utility score. There are 5 dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain / discomfort, and anxiety / depression. Each dimension is rated on a 3-point response scale [1 = no problems, 2 = some/moderate problems, 3 = extreme problems] and the scores are combined to form a single index utility value between 0 and 1 with higher scores indicating better health.
18. EQ-5D Anxiety / Depression Domain Score at the End of Each Treatment Period (Week 6 of Each Treatment Period) [ Time Frame: End of Period (includes both Visits 5 and 9) ]
    EQ-5D is a participant-completed 5-item questionnaire designed to assess health related quality of life in terms of a single index value or utility score. There are 5 dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain / discomfort, and anxiety / depression. Each dimension is rated on a 3-point response scale [1 = no problems, 2 = some/moderate problems, 3 = extreme problems] and the scores are combined to form a single index utility value between 0 and 1 with higher scores indicating better health.
19. EQ-5D Dolan 1997 Index Summary Score at the End of Each Treatment Period (Week 6 of Each Treatment Period) [ Time Frame: End of Period (includes both Visits 5 and 9) ]
    EQ-5D is a participant-completed 5-item questionnaire designed to assess health related quality of life in terms of a single index value or utility score. There are 5 dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain / discomfort, and anxiety / depression. Each dimension is rated on a 3-point response scale [1 = no problems, 2 = some/moderate problems, 3 = extreme problems] and the scores are combined to form a single index utility value between 0 and 1 with higher scores indicating better health. The utility score is calculated using the Dolan 1997 algorithm and the revised version which was provided to the EuroQol Group by Dolan in 2001 - but later published in medical care in 2002.
20. EQ-5D Dolan 2002 Index Summary Score at the End of Each Treatment Period (Week 6 of Each Treatment Period) [ Time Frame: End of Period (includes both Visits 5 and 9) ]
    EQ-5D is a participant-completed 5-item questionnaire designed to assess health related quality of life in terms of a single index value or utility score. There are 5 dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain / discomfort, and anxiety / depression. Each dimension is rated on a 3-point response scale [1 = no problems, 2 = some/moderate problems, 3 = extreme problems] and the scores are combined to form a single index utility value between 0 and 1 with higher scores indicating better health. The utility score is calculated using the Dolan 1997 algorithm and the revised version which was provided to the EuroQol Group by Dolan in 2001 - but later published in medical care in 2002.
21. Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) Score at the End of Period 1 (Week 6) - Original Scores [ Time Frame: End of Period 1 (V5) ]
    The PGIC is a participant-rated instrument that measures the participant's assessment of change in his/her overall status on a scale ranging from 1 (very much improved) to 7 (very much worse). Due to the crossover design, PGIC was analyzed at the end of period 1 (V5).
22. PGIC Score at the End of Period 1 (Week 6) - Categorized Scores [ Time Frame: End of Period 1 (V5) ]
    The PGIC is a participant-rated instrument that measures the participant's assessment of change in his/her overall status on a scale ranging from 1 (very much improved) to 7 (very much worse). Original scores (7 different scores) and categorized scores (4 different scores) were provided. Categorized scores were very much improved (consisting of very much improved and much improved); any improvement (consisting of very much improved, much improved, and minimally improved); no change (consisting of no change); and any worsening (consisting of minimally worse, much worse, and very much worse). Due to the crossover design, PGIC was analyzed at the end of period 1 (V5).

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 Years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Sexes Eligible for Study: All
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

• Type 1 or 2 diabetes with painful neuropathy
• Currently treated with one NSAID (including COX 2 inhibitors) for a co morbid pain condition with a regular dose
• Meet pre-defined level of pain severity at entrance

Exclusion Criteria:

• History of failed pregabalin treatment due to lack of efficacy at therapeutic dose
• Participated in a previous or ongoing pregabalin clinical trial
• Neurologic disorders unrelated to diabetic neuropathy that may confound the assessment of distal neuropathic pain

Contacts and Locations

Locations

United States, Arizona

Dedicated Clinical Research

Goodyear, Arizona, United States, 85395

Clinical Research Consortium

Phoenix, Arizona, United States, 85004

Arizona Research Center

Phoenix, Arizona, United States, 85023

Advanced Podiatry

Phoenix, Arizona, United States, 85032

Precision Trials

Phoenix, Arizona, United States, 85032

The Office of Joshua D. Holland, M.D.

Phoenix, Arizona, United States, 85053

Genova Clinical Research

Tucson, Arizona, United States, 85704

United States, California

Neuro-Pain Medical Center

Fresno, California, United States, 93710

Center for United Research, Inc.

Lakewood, California, United States, 90712

HealthCare Partners Medical Group

Los Angeles, California, United States, 90015

IDS Pharmacy

Los Angeles, California, United States, 90033

University of Southern California

Los Angeles, California, United States, 90033

National Research Institute

Los Angeles, California, United States, 90057

Diablo Clinical Research, Inc.

Walnut Creek, California, United States, 94598

United States, Connecticut

Coastal Connecticut Research, LLC

New London, Connecticut, United States, 06320

Neurological Group, PC

New London, Connecticut, United States, 06320

Chase Medical Research, LLC

Waterbury, Connecticut, United States, 06708

United States, Florida

Meridien Research

Bradenton, Florida, United States, 34208

Meridien Research

Brooksville, Florida, United States, 34601

Gulfcoast Clinical Research Center

Fort Myers, Florida, United States, 33912

MD Clinical

Hallandale Beach, Florida, United States, 33009

AGA Clinical Trials

Hialeah, Florida, United States, 33012

Palm Beach Neurological Center,

Palm Beach Gardens, Florida, United States, 33418

Meridien Research

St. Petersburg, Florida, United States, 33709

Meridien Research

Tampa, Florida, United States, 33606

Clinical Research of Central Florida

Winter Haven, Florida, United States, 33880

United States, Georgia

Columbus Research Foundation

Columbus, Georgia, United States, 31904

United States, Illinois

Suburban Clinical Research

Chicago, Illinois, United States, 60624

Suburban Clinical Research

Naperville, Illinois, United States, 60564

United States, Kentucky

Central Kentucky Research Associates, Inc.

Lexington, Kentucky, United States, 40509

United States, Louisiana

Arthritis and Diabetes Clinic, Inc.

Monroe, Louisiana, United States, 71203

United States, Massachusetts

Beacon Clinical Research, LLC

Brockton, Massachusetts, United States, 02301

Miray Medical Center

Brockton, Massachusetts, United States, 02301

Genesis Clinical Research, LLC

Fall River, Massachusetts, United States, 02720

United States, Michigan

Borgess Diabetes Center

Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States, 49048

Borgess Research Institute

Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States, 49048

United States, Missouri

Mercy Health Research

St. Louis, Missouri, United States, 63141

United States, Nebraska

Quality Clinical Research, Inc.

Omaha, Nebraska, United States, 68114

United States, Nevada

Clinical Research Consortium

Las Vegas, Nevada, United States, 89119

Mirkil Medical Group

Las Vegas, Nevada, United States, 89119

V.Jerome Mirkil, MD

Las Vegas, Nevada, United States, 89119

United States, New York

The Medical Research Network, LLC

New York, New York, United States, 10128

United States, North Carolina

Davidson Medical Ministries

Lexington, North Carolina, United States, 27292

United States, Ohio

Radiant Research (admin office)

Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, 45249

Radiant Research

Columbus, Ohio, United States, 43212

United States, Oklahoma

Sooner Clinical Research

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States, 73112

The Office of Veronique Sebastian, MD

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States, 73120

United States, Oregon

Sunstone Medical Research, LLC

Medford, Oregon, United States, 97504

United States, Pennsylvania

Blair Orthopedic Associates, Inc.

Altoona, Pennsylvania, United States, 16602

Altoona Center for Clinical Research

Duncansville, Pennsylvania, United States, 16635

United States, South Carolina

Neurology and Pain Clinic, LLC

Orangeburg, South Carolina, United States, 29118

United States, Tennessee

New Phase Research and Development

Knoxville, Tennessee, United States, 37919

United States, Texas

University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas

Dallas, Texas, United States, 75390

Houston Neurocare

Houston, Texas, United States, 77030

Centex Research, Inc.

Houston, Texas, United States, 77062

Czech Republic

UNARS, s.r.o.

Pelhrimov, Czech Republic, 39301

Clintrial, s.r.o.

Praha 10, Czech Republic, 100 00

Fakultni nemocnice v Motole

Praha 5, Czech Republic, 150 06

Italy

Fondazione PTV Policlinico Tor Vergata di Roma

Roma, Italy, 00133

Sweden

Center for Lakemedelsstudier

Malmo, Sweden, 211 52

Citydiabetes

Stockholm, Sweden, 111 57

Sponsors and Collaborators

Pfizer

Investigators

• Study Director: Pfizer CT.gov Call Center; Pfizer

More Information

Additional Information:

To obtain contact information for a study center near you, click here. 

Publications automatically indexed to this study by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number):

Raskin P, Huffman C, Yurkewicz L, Pauer L, Scavone JM, Yang R, Parsons B. Pregabalin in Patients With Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Using an NSAID for Other Pain Conditions: A Double-Blind Crossover Study. Clin J Pain. 2016 Mar;32(3):203-10. doi: 10.1097/AJP.0000000000000254.

• Responsible Party: Pfizer
• ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01455415
• Other Study ID Numbers: A0081268; 2011-002743-10 ( EudraCT Number )
• First Posted: October 20, 2011
• Results First Posted: April 23, 2015
• Last Update Posted: April 23, 2015
• Last Verified: April 2015

Additional relevant MeSH terms:

Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Diabetic Neuropathies; Pain; Neuromuscular Diseases; Nervous System Diseases; Neurologic Manifestations; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Endocrine System Diseases; Pregabalin; Analgesics; Sensory System Agents; Peripheral Nervous System Agents; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Anticonvulsants; Calcium Channel Blockers; Membrane Transport Modulators; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Tranquilizing Agents; Central Nervous System Depressants; Psychotropic Drugs