Evaluation of Treatments to Improve Smoking Cessation Medication Adherence (Adherence)

Study Description

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Study Description Study Design Arms and Interventions Outcome Measures Eligibility Criteria Contacts and Locations More Information

Brief Summary:

Many smokers fail to take their smoking cessation medication as recommended. This research is designed to identify treatments that improve the use of cessation medications and to determine whether an increase in medication use results in increased cessation success. This research will also identify treatments that help people stay quit after a quit attempt and will pioneer more efficient research methods.

Condition or disease	Intervention/treatment	Phase
Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Adherence; Nicotine Dependence; Motivation	Drug: Short Term Combination Nicotine Replacement Therapy (patch + gum); Drug: Long Term Combination Nicotine Replacement Therapy (patch + gum); Behavioral: Intensive Maintenance Counseling; Behavioral: Cognitive Medication Adherence Counseling (CAM); Behavioral: Electronic Medication Monitoring Device (the Helping Hand) + Feedback; Behavioral: Automated Adherence Prompting Phone Calls	Phase 4

Detailed Description:

Nonadherent use of smoking cessation medications is very common and highly associated with cessation failure. However, little is presently known about how to improve adherence and whether improved adherence will actually boost cessation success (i.e., its causal role is unknown). This research represents groundbreaking integration of 1) basic theory and data on tobacco dependence, adherence, and intervention mechanisms with 2) the state-of-the-art Intervention Optimization Cycle methodology. This methodology uses factorial designs to efficiently engineer and evaluate intervention components, and to develop an optimal comprehensive treatment package. Participants in Project 3 will be smokers (N = 544) visiting primary care clinics for a regular outpatient visit who, when asked, express an interest in quitting and agree to participate in a smoking cessation research study. The experiment will comprise five experimental factors (2X2X2X2X2), and participants will have a 50% chance of being assigned one of the levels of each factor. The five factors include one medication factor (medication duration: 8 vs. 26 weeks), one counseling factor (maintenance counseling vs. no maintenance counseling), and three adherence factors: 1) Cognitive Medication Adherence Counseling (C-MAC); C-MAC vs. no C-MAC; 2) electronic medication monitoring device (the Helping Hand) + Feedback vs. the medication monitoring device alone; and 3) automated adherence prompting phone calls vs. no prompting.

Study Design

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Study Description Study Design Arms and Interventions Outcome Measures Eligibility Criteria Contacts and Locations More Information

Study Type :	Interventional (Clinical Trial)
Actual Enrollment :	544 participants
Allocation:	Randomized
Intervention Model:	Factorial Assignment
Masking:	Single (Outcomes Assessor)
Primary Purpose:	Treatment
Official Title:	Project 3: Identifying Optimal Strategies of Increasing Smokers' Adherence to Cessation Medications
Study Start Date :	June 2010
Actual Primary Completion Date :	May 2014
Actual Study Completion Date :	May 2014

Arms and Interventions

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Study Description Study Design Arms and Interventions Outcome Measures Eligibility Criteria Contacts and Locations More Information

Arm	Intervention/treatment
Experimental: 1, 26Wks, Counseling, CAM, AutoCalls, Feedback; This arm of the project will address the following question: How effective is the following intervention?: 26Wks Medication duration during quit attempt, Maintenance Counseling, Cognitive Adherence Intervention, Automated Medication Adherence Calls, Electronic Medication Monitoring Device + Feedback	Drug: Long Term Combination Nicotine Replacement Therapy (patch + gum); IF the participant smokes >10 cigs/day AND is randomized to a 26 week medication condition: they will be asked to take one 21 mg patch per day for 22 weeks, THEN one 14 mg patch per day for 2 weeks, THEN one patch 7 mg patch per day for 2 weeks. Participants will also be asked to use one piece of one 4-mg- gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces maximum per day)for 24 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until they are down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. IF the participant smokes 5-10 cigs/day AND is randomized to a 26 week medication condition: they will be asked to take one 14 mg patch per day for 22 weeks, THEN one patch 7 mg patch per day for 4 weeks. Participants will also be asked to use one piece of 2-mg gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces maximum per day)for 24 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until they are down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. Behavioral: Intensive Maintenance Counseling; Participants randomized to this condition will receive eight 15-minute phone counseling sessions at Weeks 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14, 18 & 22. The counseling will encourage continued practice of coping skills, and avoidance of danger situations. Another emphasis will be the continued provision of social support as a means of enhancing motivation. Participants who have relapsed will receive counseling aimed at motivating and planning renewed quit attempts. Other aims are enhancing motivation, especially competence self-appraisals, providing intratreatment support, and encouraging pleasurable activities. Behavioral: Cognitive Medication Adherence Counseling (CAM); Participants randomized to this condition will be given a brief (10 minute) session of CAM treatment at both Visits 1 and 2. CAM will include information on NRT such as the following: NRT reduces withdrawal and urges; sustained use reduces the likelihood of relapse; willpower and medication make a good combination; NRT will help a lapsing smoker reachieve abstinence. The tailored counseling component of the CAM intervention is based on brief evaluation of the smoker's beliefs, concerns, and possible misconceptions about smoking cessation medications. Behavioral: Electronic Medication Monitoring Device (the Helping Hand) + Feedback; If randomized to this condition, the case manager will give patients a computer-generated feedback sheet showing the patient's medication self-administration since the last visit. The case manager will provide problem-solving counseling regarding barriers to medication use. This problem-solving counseling intervention will be given in brief in-person sessions (three in-person sessions for those in the 8 week medication condition and five in-person sessions for those in the 26 week medication condition). Medication monitoring counseling will also occur via phone (two 10-minute sessions for those in the 8 week medication condition and four 10-minute sessions for those in the 26 week medication condition). Behavioral: Automated Adherence Prompting Phone Calls; Participants in this condition will receive fully automated prompts with messages designed to encourage participants to take their medication. Adherence prompting calls will occur two times in the first week of the quit attempt, and then once a week in weeks 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7. Those in the 26-Week medication condition who are assigned to the active adherence prompting calls intervention, will receive one prompting call a week during Weeks 11, 15, 19 & 23.
Experimental: 2, 26Wks, Counseling, CAM, AutoCalls, No Feedback; This arm of the project will address the following question: How effective is the following intervention?: 26Wks Medication duration during quit attempt, Maintenance Counseling, Cognitive Adherence Intervention, Automated Medication Adherence Calls, Electronic Medication Monitoring Device but No Feedback	Drug: Long Term Combination Nicotine Replacement Therapy (patch + gum); IF the participant smokes >10 cigs/day AND is randomized to a 26 week medication condition: they will be asked to take one 21 mg patch per day for 22 weeks, THEN one 14 mg patch per day for 2 weeks, THEN one patch 7 mg patch per day for 2 weeks. Participants will also be asked to use one piece of one 4-mg- gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces maximum per day)for 24 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until they are down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. IF the participant smokes 5-10 cigs/day AND is randomized to a 26 week medication condition: they will be asked to take one 14 mg patch per day for 22 weeks, THEN one patch 7 mg patch per day for 4 weeks. Participants will also be asked to use one piece of 2-mg gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces maximum per day)for 24 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until they are down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. Behavioral: Intensive Maintenance Counseling; Participants randomized to this condition will receive eight 15-minute phone counseling sessions at Weeks 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14, 18 & 22. The counseling will encourage continued practice of coping skills, and avoidance of danger situations. Another emphasis will be the continued provision of social support as a means of enhancing motivation. Participants who have relapsed will receive counseling aimed at motivating and planning renewed quit attempts. Other aims are enhancing motivation, especially competence self-appraisals, providing intratreatment support, and encouraging pleasurable activities. Behavioral: Cognitive Medication Adherence Counseling (CAM); Participants randomized to this condition will be given a brief (10 minute) session of CAM treatment at both Visits 1 and 2. CAM will include information on NRT such as the following: NRT reduces withdrawal and urges; sustained use reduces the likelihood of relapse; willpower and medication make a good combination; NRT will help a lapsing smoker reachieve abstinence. The tailored counseling component of the CAM intervention is based on brief evaluation of the smoker's beliefs, concerns, and possible misconceptions about smoking cessation medications. Behavioral: Automated Adherence Prompting Phone Calls; Participants in this condition will receive fully automated prompts with messages designed to encourage participants to take their medication. Adherence prompting calls will occur two times in the first week of the quit attempt, and then once a week in weeks 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7. Those in the 26-Week medication condition who are assigned to the active adherence prompting calls intervention, will receive one prompting call a week during Weeks 11, 15, 19 & 23.
Experimental: 3, 26Wks, Counseling, CAM, No AutoCalls, Feedback; This arm of the project will address the following question: How effective is the following intervention?: 26Wks Medication duration during quit attempt, Maintenance Counseling, Cognitive Adherence Intervention, No Automated Medication Adherence Calls, Electronic Medication Monitoring Device + Feedback	Drug: Long Term Combination Nicotine Replacement Therapy (patch + gum); IF the participant smokes >10 cigs/day AND is randomized to a 26 week medication condition: they will be asked to take one 21 mg patch per day for 22 weeks, THEN one 14 mg patch per day for 2 weeks, THEN one patch 7 mg patch per day for 2 weeks. Participants will also be asked to use one piece of one 4-mg- gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces maximum per day)for 24 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until they are down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. IF the participant smokes 5-10 cigs/day AND is randomized to a 26 week medication condition: they will be asked to take one 14 mg patch per day for 22 weeks, THEN one patch 7 mg patch per day for 4 weeks. Participants will also be asked to use one piece of 2-mg gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces maximum per day)for 24 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until they are down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. Behavioral: Intensive Maintenance Counseling; Participants randomized to this condition will receive eight 15-minute phone counseling sessions at Weeks 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14, 18 & 22. The counseling will encourage continued practice of coping skills, and avoidance of danger situations. Another emphasis will be the continued provision of social support as a means of enhancing motivation. Participants who have relapsed will receive counseling aimed at motivating and planning renewed quit attempts. Other aims are enhancing motivation, especially competence self-appraisals, providing intratreatment support, and encouraging pleasurable activities. Behavioral: Cognitive Medication Adherence Counseling (CAM); Participants randomized to this condition will be given a brief (10 minute) session of CAM treatment at both Visits 1 and 2. CAM will include information on NRT such as the following: NRT reduces withdrawal and urges; sustained use reduces the likelihood of relapse; willpower and medication make a good combination; NRT will help a lapsing smoker reachieve abstinence. The tailored counseling component of the CAM intervention is based on brief evaluation of the smoker's beliefs, concerns, and possible misconceptions about smoking cessation medications. Behavioral: Electronic Medication Monitoring Device (the Helping Hand) + Feedback; If randomized to this condition, the case manager will give patients a computer-generated feedback sheet showing the patient's medication self-administration since the last visit. The case manager will provide problem-solving counseling regarding barriers to medication use. This problem-solving counseling intervention will be given in brief in-person sessions (three in-person sessions for those in the 8 week medication condition and five in-person sessions for those in the 26 week medication condition). Medication monitoring counseling will also occur via phone (two 10-minute sessions for those in the 8 week medication condition and four 10-minute sessions for those in the 26 week medication condition).
Experimental: 4, 26Wks, Counseling, CAM, No AutoCalls, No Feedback; This arm of the project will address the following question: How effective is the following intervention?: 26Wks Medication duration during quit attempt, Maintenance Counseling, Cognitive Adherence Intervention, No Automated Medication Adherence Calls, Electronic Medication Monitoring Device but No Feedback	Drug: Long Term Combination Nicotine Replacement Therapy (patch + gum); IF the participant smokes >10 cigs/day AND is randomized to a 26 week medication condition: they will be asked to take one 21 mg patch per day for 22 weeks, THEN one 14 mg patch per day for 2 weeks, THEN one patch 7 mg patch per day for 2 weeks. Participants will also be asked to use one piece of one 4-mg- gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces maximum per day)for 24 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until they are down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. IF the participant smokes 5-10 cigs/day AND is randomized to a 26 week medication condition: they will be asked to take one 14 mg patch per day for 22 weeks, THEN one patch 7 mg patch per day for 4 weeks. Participants will also be asked to use one piece of 2-mg gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces maximum per day)for 24 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until they are down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. Behavioral: Intensive Maintenance Counseling; Participants randomized to this condition will receive eight 15-minute phone counseling sessions at Weeks 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14, 18 & 22. The counseling will encourage continued practice of coping skills, and avoidance of danger situations. Another emphasis will be the continued provision of social support as a means of enhancing motivation. Participants who have relapsed will receive counseling aimed at motivating and planning renewed quit attempts. Other aims are enhancing motivation, especially competence self-appraisals, providing intratreatment support, and encouraging pleasurable activities. Behavioral: Cognitive Medication Adherence Counseling (CAM); Participants randomized to this condition will be given a brief (10 minute) session of CAM treatment at both Visits 1 and 2. CAM will include information on NRT such as the following: NRT reduces withdrawal and urges; sustained use reduces the likelihood of relapse; willpower and medication make a good combination; NRT will help a lapsing smoker reachieve abstinence. The tailored counseling component of the CAM intervention is based on brief evaluation of the smoker's beliefs, concerns, and possible misconceptions about smoking cessation medications.
Experimental: 5, 26Wks, Counseling, No CAM, AutoCalls, Feedback; This arm of the project will address the following question: How effective is the following intervention?: 26Wks Medication duration during quit attempt, Maintenance Counseling, No Cognitive Adherence Intervention, Automated Medication Adherence Calls, Electronic Medication Monitoring Device + Feedback	Drug: Long Term Combination Nicotine Replacement Therapy (patch + gum); IF the participant smokes >10 cigs/day AND is randomized to a 26 week medication condition: they will be asked to take one 21 mg patch per day for 22 weeks, THEN one 14 mg patch per day for 2 weeks, THEN one patch 7 mg patch per day for 2 weeks. Participants will also be asked to use one piece of one 4-mg- gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces maximum per day)for 24 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until they are down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. IF the participant smokes 5-10 cigs/day AND is randomized to a 26 week medication condition: they will be asked to take one 14 mg patch per day for 22 weeks, THEN one patch 7 mg patch per day for 4 weeks. Participants will also be asked to use one piece of 2-mg gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces maximum per day)for 24 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until they are down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. Behavioral: Intensive Maintenance Counseling; Participants randomized to this condition will receive eight 15-minute phone counseling sessions at Weeks 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14, 18 & 22. The counseling will encourage continued practice of coping skills, and avoidance of danger situations. Another emphasis will be the continued provision of social support as a means of enhancing motivation. Participants who have relapsed will receive counseling aimed at motivating and planning renewed quit attempts. Other aims are enhancing motivation, especially competence self-appraisals, providing intratreatment support, and encouraging pleasurable activities. Behavioral: Electronic Medication Monitoring Device (the Helping Hand) + Feedback; If randomized to this condition, the case manager will give patients a computer-generated feedback sheet showing the patient's medication self-administration since the last visit. The case manager will provide problem-solving counseling regarding barriers to medication use. This problem-solving counseling intervention will be given in brief in-person sessions (three in-person sessions for those in the 8 week medication condition and five in-person sessions for those in the 26 week medication condition). Medication monitoring counseling will also occur via phone (two 10-minute sessions for those in the 8 week medication condition and four 10-minute sessions for those in the 26 week medication condition). Behavioral: Automated Adherence Prompting Phone Calls; Participants in this condition will receive fully automated prompts with messages designed to encourage participants to take their medication. Adherence prompting calls will occur two times in the first week of the quit attempt, and then once a week in weeks 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7. Those in the 26-Week medication condition who are assigned to the active adherence prompting calls intervention, will receive one prompting call a week during Weeks 11, 15, 19 & 23.
Experimental: 6, 26Wks, Counseling, No CAM, AutoCalls, No Feedback; This arm of the project will address the following question: How effective is the following intervention?: 26Wks Medication duration during quit attempt, Maintenance Counseling, No Cognitive Adherence Intervention, Automated Medication Adherence Calls, Electronic Medication Monitoring Device but No Feedback	Drug: Long Term Combination Nicotine Replacement Therapy (patch + gum); IF the participant smokes >10 cigs/day AND is randomized to a 26 week medication condition: they will be asked to take one 21 mg patch per day for 22 weeks, THEN one 14 mg patch per day for 2 weeks, THEN one patch 7 mg patch per day for 2 weeks. Participants will also be asked to use one piece of one 4-mg- gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces maximum per day)for 24 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until they are down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. IF the participant smokes 5-10 cigs/day AND is randomized to a 26 week medication condition: they will be asked to take one 14 mg patch per day for 22 weeks, THEN one patch 7 mg patch per day for 4 weeks. Participants will also be asked to use one piece of 2-mg gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces maximum per day)for 24 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until they are down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. Behavioral: Intensive Maintenance Counseling; Participants randomized to this condition will receive eight 15-minute phone counseling sessions at Weeks 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14, 18 & 22. The counseling will encourage continued practice of coping skills, and avoidance of danger situations. Another emphasis will be the continued provision of social support as a means of enhancing motivation. Participants who have relapsed will receive counseling aimed at motivating and planning renewed quit attempts. Other aims are enhancing motivation, especially competence self-appraisals, providing intratreatment support, and encouraging pleasurable activities. Behavioral: Automated Adherence Prompting Phone Calls; Participants in this condition will receive fully automated prompts with messages designed to encourage participants to take their medication. Adherence prompting calls will occur two times in the first week of the quit attempt, and then once a week in weeks 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7. Those in the 26-Week medication condition who are assigned to the active adherence prompting calls intervention, will receive one prompting call a week during Weeks 11, 15, 19 & 23.
Experimental: 7, 26Wks, Counseling, No CAM, No AutoCalls, Feedback; This arm of the project will address the following question: How effective is the following intervention?: 26Wks Medication duration during quit attempt, Maintenance Counseling, No Cognitive Adherence Intervention, No Automated Medication Adherence Calls, Electronic Medication Monitoring Device + Feedback	Drug: Long Term Combination Nicotine Replacement Therapy (patch + gum); IF the participant smokes >10 cigs/day AND is randomized to a 26 week medication condition: they will be asked to take one 21 mg patch per day for 22 weeks, THEN one 14 mg patch per day for 2 weeks, THEN one patch 7 mg patch per day for 2 weeks. Participants will also be asked to use one piece of one 4-mg- gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces maximum per day)for 24 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until they are down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. IF the participant smokes 5-10 cigs/day AND is randomized to a 26 week medication condition: they will be asked to take one 14 mg patch per day for 22 weeks, THEN one patch 7 mg patch per day for 4 weeks. Participants will also be asked to use one piece of 2-mg gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces maximum per day)for 24 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until they are down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. Behavioral: Intensive Maintenance Counseling; Participants randomized to this condition will receive eight 15-minute phone counseling sessions at Weeks 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14, 18 & 22. The counseling will encourage continued practice of coping skills, and avoidance of danger situations. Another emphasis will be the continued provision of social support as a means of enhancing motivation. Participants who have relapsed will receive counseling aimed at motivating and planning renewed quit attempts. Other aims are enhancing motivation, especially competence self-appraisals, providing intratreatment support, and encouraging pleasurable activities. Behavioral: Electronic Medication Monitoring Device (the Helping Hand) + Feedback; If randomized to this condition, the case manager will give patients a computer-generated feedback sheet showing the patient's medication self-administration since the last visit. The case manager will provide problem-solving counseling regarding barriers to medication use. This problem-solving counseling intervention will be given in brief in-person sessions (three in-person sessions for those in the 8 week medication condition and five in-person sessions for those in the 26 week medication condition). Medication monitoring counseling will also occur via phone (two 10-minute sessions for those in the 8 week medication condition and four 10-minute sessions for those in the 26 week medication condition).
Experimental: 8, 26Wks, Counseling, No CAM, No AutoCalls, No Feedback; This arm of the project will address the following question: How effective is the following intervention?: 26Wks Medication duration during quit attempt, Maintenance Counseling, No Cognitive Adherence Intervention, No Automated Medication Adherence Calls, Electronic Medication Monitoring Device but No Feedback	Drug: Long Term Combination Nicotine Replacement Therapy (patch + gum); IF the participant smokes >10 cigs/day AND is randomized to a 26 week medication condition: they will be asked to take one 21 mg patch per day for 22 weeks, THEN one 14 mg patch per day for 2 weeks, THEN one patch 7 mg patch per day for 2 weeks. Participants will also be asked to use one piece of one 4-mg- gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces maximum per day)for 24 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until they are down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. IF the participant smokes 5-10 cigs/day AND is randomized to a 26 week medication condition: they will be asked to take one 14 mg patch per day for 22 weeks, THEN one patch 7 mg patch per day for 4 weeks. Participants will also be asked to use one piece of 2-mg gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces maximum per day)for 24 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until they are down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. Behavioral: Intensive Maintenance Counseling; Participants randomized to this condition will receive eight 15-minute phone counseling sessions at Weeks 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14, 18 & 22. The counseling will encourage continued practice of coping skills, and avoidance of danger situations. Another emphasis will be the continued provision of social support as a means of enhancing motivation. Participants who have relapsed will receive counseling aimed at motivating and planning renewed quit attempts. Other aims are enhancing motivation, especially competence self-appraisals, providing intratreatment support, and encouraging pleasurable activities.
Experimental: 9, 26Wks, No Counseling, CAM, AutoCalls, Feedback; This arm of the project will address the following question: How effective is the following intervention?: 26Wks Medication duration during quit attempt, No Maintenance Counseling, Cognitive Adherence Intervention, Automated Medication Adherence Calls, Electronic Medication Monitoring Device + Feedback	Drug: Long Term Combination Nicotine Replacement Therapy (patch + gum); IF the participant smokes >10 cigs/day AND is randomized to a 26 week medication condition: they will be asked to take one 21 mg patch per day for 22 weeks, THEN one 14 mg patch per day for 2 weeks, THEN one patch 7 mg patch per day for 2 weeks. Participants will also be asked to use one piece of one 4-mg- gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces maximum per day)for 24 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until they are down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. IF the participant smokes 5-10 cigs/day AND is randomized to a 26 week medication condition: they will be asked to take one 14 mg patch per day for 22 weeks, THEN one patch 7 mg patch per day for 4 weeks. Participants will also be asked to use one piece of 2-mg gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces maximum per day)for 24 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until they are down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. Behavioral: Cognitive Medication Adherence Counseling (CAM); Participants randomized to this condition will be given a brief (10 minute) session of CAM treatment at both Visits 1 and 2. CAM will include information on NRT such as the following: NRT reduces withdrawal and urges; sustained use reduces the likelihood of relapse; willpower and medication make a good combination; NRT will help a lapsing smoker reachieve abstinence. The tailored counseling component of the CAM intervention is based on brief evaluation of the smoker's beliefs, concerns, and possible misconceptions about smoking cessation medications. Behavioral: Electronic Medication Monitoring Device (the Helping Hand) + Feedback; If randomized to this condition, the case manager will give patients a computer-generated feedback sheet showing the patient's medication self-administration since the last visit. The case manager will provide problem-solving counseling regarding barriers to medication use. This problem-solving counseling intervention will be given in brief in-person sessions (three in-person sessions for those in the 8 week medication condition and five in-person sessions for those in the 26 week medication condition). Medication monitoring counseling will also occur via phone (two 10-minute sessions for those in the 8 week medication condition and four 10-minute sessions for those in the 26 week medication condition). Behavioral: Automated Adherence Prompting Phone Calls; Participants in this condition will receive fully automated prompts with messages designed to encourage participants to take their medication. Adherence prompting calls will occur two times in the first week of the quit attempt, and then once a week in weeks 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7. Those in the 26-Week medication condition who are assigned to the active adherence prompting calls intervention, will receive one prompting call a week during Weeks 11, 15, 19 & 23.
Experimental: 10, 26Wks, No Counseling, CAM, AutoCalls, No Feedback; This arm of the project will address the following question: How effective is the following intervention?: 26Wks Medication duration during quit attempt, No Maintenance Counseling, Cognitive Adherence Intervention, Automated Medication Adherence Calls, Electronic Medication Monitoring Device but No Feedback	Drug: Long Term Combination Nicotine Replacement Therapy (patch + gum); IF the participant smokes >10 cigs/day AND is randomized to a 26 week medication condition: they will be asked to take one 21 mg patch per day for 22 weeks, THEN one 14 mg patch per day for 2 weeks, THEN one patch 7 mg patch per day for 2 weeks. Participants will also be asked to use one piece of one 4-mg- gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces maximum per day)for 24 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until they are down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. IF the participant smokes 5-10 cigs/day AND is randomized to a 26 week medication condition: they will be asked to take one 14 mg patch per day for 22 weeks, THEN one patch 7 mg patch per day for 4 weeks. Participants will also be asked to use one piece of 2-mg gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces maximum per day)for 24 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until they are down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. Behavioral: Cognitive Medication Adherence Counseling (CAM); Participants randomized to this condition will be given a brief (10 minute) session of CAM treatment at both Visits 1 and 2. CAM will include information on NRT such as the following: NRT reduces withdrawal and urges; sustained use reduces the likelihood of relapse; willpower and medication make a good combination; NRT will help a lapsing smoker reachieve abstinence. The tailored counseling component of the CAM intervention is based on brief evaluation of the smoker's beliefs, concerns, and possible misconceptions about smoking cessation medications. Behavioral: Automated Adherence Prompting Phone Calls; Participants in this condition will receive fully automated prompts with messages designed to encourage participants to take their medication. Adherence prompting calls will occur two times in the first week of the quit attempt, and then once a week in weeks 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7. Those in the 26-Week medication condition who are assigned to the active adherence prompting calls intervention, will receive one prompting call a week during Weeks 11, 15, 19 & 23.
Experimental: 11, 26Wks, No Counseling, CAM, No AutoCalls, Feedback; This arm of the project will address the following question: How effective is the following intervention?: 26Wks Medication duration during quit attempt, No Maintenance Counseling, Cognitive Adherence Intervention, No Automated Medication Adherence Calls, Electronic Medication Monitoring Device + Feedback	Drug: Long Term Combination Nicotine Replacement Therapy (patch + gum); IF the participant smokes >10 cigs/day AND is randomized to a 26 week medication condition: they will be asked to take one 21 mg patch per day for 22 weeks, THEN one 14 mg patch per day for 2 weeks, THEN one patch 7 mg patch per day for 2 weeks. Participants will also be asked to use one piece of one 4-mg- gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces maximum per day)for 24 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until they are down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. IF the participant smokes 5-10 cigs/day AND is randomized to a 26 week medication condition: they will be asked to take one 14 mg patch per day for 22 weeks, THEN one patch 7 mg patch per day for 4 weeks. Participants will also be asked to use one piece of 2-mg gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces maximum per day)for 24 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until they are down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. Behavioral: Cognitive Medication Adherence Counseling (CAM); Participants randomized to this condition will be given a brief (10 minute) session of CAM treatment at both Visits 1 and 2. CAM will include information on NRT such as the following: NRT reduces withdrawal and urges; sustained use reduces the likelihood of relapse; willpower and medication make a good combination; NRT will help a lapsing smoker reachieve abstinence. The tailored counseling component of the CAM intervention is based on brief evaluation of the smoker's beliefs, concerns, and possible misconceptions about smoking cessation medications. Behavioral: Electronic Medication Monitoring Device (the Helping Hand) + Feedback; If randomized to this condition, the case manager will give patients a computer-generated feedback sheet showing the patient's medication self-administration since the last visit. The case manager will provide problem-solving counseling regarding barriers to medication use. This problem-solving counseling intervention will be given in brief in-person sessions (three in-person sessions for those in the 8 week medication condition and five in-person sessions for those in the 26 week medication condition). Medication monitoring counseling will also occur via phone (two 10-minute sessions for those in the 8 week medication condition and four 10-minute sessions for those in the 26 week medication condition).
Experimental: 12, 26Wks, No Counseling, CAM, No AutoCalls, No Feedback; This arm of the project will address the following question: How effective is the following intervention?: 26Wks Medication duration during quit attempt, No Maintenance Counseling, Cognitive Adherence Intervention, No Automated Medication Adherence Calls, Electronic Medication Monitoring Device but No Feedback	Drug: Long Term Combination Nicotine Replacement Therapy (patch + gum); IF the participant smokes >10 cigs/day AND is randomized to a 26 week medication condition: they will be asked to take one 21 mg patch per day for 22 weeks, THEN one 14 mg patch per day for 2 weeks, THEN one patch 7 mg patch per day for 2 weeks. Participants will also be asked to use one piece of one 4-mg- gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces maximum per day)for 24 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until they are down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. IF the participant smokes 5-10 cigs/day AND is randomized to a 26 week medication condition: they will be asked to take one 14 mg patch per day for 22 weeks, THEN one patch 7 mg patch per day for 4 weeks. Participants will also be asked to use one piece of 2-mg gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces maximum per day)for 24 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until they are down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. Behavioral: Cognitive Medication Adherence Counseling (CAM); Participants randomized to this condition will be given a brief (10 minute) session of CAM treatment at both Visits 1 and 2. CAM will include information on NRT such as the following: NRT reduces withdrawal and urges; sustained use reduces the likelihood of relapse; willpower and medication make a good combination; NRT will help a lapsing smoker reachieve abstinence. The tailored counseling component of the CAM intervention is based on brief evaluation of the smoker's beliefs, concerns, and possible misconceptions about smoking cessation medications.
Experimental: 13, 26Wks, No Counseling, No CAM, AutoCalls, Feedback; This arm of the project will address the following question: How effective is the following intervention?: 26Wks Medication duration during quit attempt, No Maintenance Counseling, No Cognitive Adherence Intervention, Automated Medication Adherence Calls, Electronic Medication Monitoring Device + Feedback	Drug: Long Term Combination Nicotine Replacement Therapy (patch + gum); IF the participant smokes >10 cigs/day AND is randomized to a 26 week medication condition: they will be asked to take one 21 mg patch per day for 22 weeks, THEN one 14 mg patch per day for 2 weeks, THEN one patch 7 mg patch per day for 2 weeks. Participants will also be asked to use one piece of one 4-mg- gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces maximum per day)for 24 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until they are down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. IF the participant smokes 5-10 cigs/day AND is randomized to a 26 week medication condition: they will be asked to take one 14 mg patch per day for 22 weeks, THEN one patch 7 mg patch per day for 4 weeks. Participants will also be asked to use one piece of 2-mg gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces maximum per day)for 24 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until they are down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. Behavioral: Electronic Medication Monitoring Device (the Helping Hand) + Feedback; If randomized to this condition, the case manager will give patients a computer-generated feedback sheet showing the patient's medication self-administration since the last visit. The case manager will provide problem-solving counseling regarding barriers to medication use. This problem-solving counseling intervention will be given in brief in-person sessions (three in-person sessions for those in the 8 week medication condition and five in-person sessions for those in the 26 week medication condition). Medication monitoring counseling will also occur via phone (two 10-minute sessions for those in the 8 week medication condition and four 10-minute sessions for those in the 26 week medication condition). Behavioral: Automated Adherence Prompting Phone Calls; Participants in this condition will receive fully automated prompts with messages designed to encourage participants to take their medication. Adherence prompting calls will occur two times in the first week of the quit attempt, and then once a week in weeks 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7. Those in the 26-Week medication condition who are assigned to the active adherence prompting calls intervention, will receive one prompting call a week during Weeks 11, 15, 19 & 23.
Experimental: 14, 26Wks, No Counseling, No CAM, AutoCalls, No Feedback; This arm of the project will address the following question: How effective is the following intervention?: 26Wks Medication duration during quit attempt, No Maintenance Counseling, No Cognitive Adherence Intervention, Automated Medication Adherence Calls, Electronic Medication Monitoring Device but No Feedback	Drug: Long Term Combination Nicotine Replacement Therapy (patch + gum); IF the participant smokes >10 cigs/day AND is randomized to a 26 week medication condition: they will be asked to take one 21 mg patch per day for 22 weeks, THEN one 14 mg patch per day for 2 weeks, THEN one patch 7 mg patch per day for 2 weeks. Participants will also be asked to use one piece of one 4-mg- gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces maximum per day)for 24 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until they are down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. IF the participant smokes 5-10 cigs/day AND is randomized to a 26 week medication condition: they will be asked to take one 14 mg patch per day for 22 weeks, THEN one patch 7 mg patch per day for 4 weeks. Participants will also be asked to use one piece of 2-mg gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces maximum per day)for 24 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until they are down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. Behavioral: Automated Adherence Prompting Phone Calls; Participants in this condition will receive fully automated prompts with messages designed to encourage participants to take their medication. Adherence prompting calls will occur two times in the first week of the quit attempt, and then once a week in weeks 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7. Those in the 26-Week medication condition who are assigned to the active adherence prompting calls intervention, will receive one prompting call a week during Weeks 11, 15, 19 & 23.
Experimental: 15, 26Wks, No Counseling, No CAM, No AutoCalls, Feedback; This arm of the project will address the following question: How effective is the following intervention?: 26Wks Medication duration during quit attempt, No Maintenance Counseling, No Cognitive Adherence Intervention, No Automated Medication Adherence Calls, Electronic Medication Monitoring Device + Feedback	Drug: Long Term Combination Nicotine Replacement Therapy (patch + gum); IF the participant smokes >10 cigs/day AND is randomized to a 26 week medication condition: they will be asked to take one 21 mg patch per day for 22 weeks, THEN one 14 mg patch per day for 2 weeks, THEN one patch 7 mg patch per day for 2 weeks. Participants will also be asked to use one piece of one 4-mg- gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces maximum per day)for 24 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until they are down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. IF the participant smokes 5-10 cigs/day AND is randomized to a 26 week medication condition: they will be asked to take one 14 mg patch per day for 22 weeks, THEN one patch 7 mg patch per day for 4 weeks. Participants will also be asked to use one piece of 2-mg gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces maximum per day)for 24 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until they are down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. Behavioral: Electronic Medication Monitoring Device (the Helping Hand) + Feedback; If randomized to this condition, the case manager will give patients a computer-generated feedback sheet showing the patient's medication self-administration since the last visit. The case manager will provide problem-solving counseling regarding barriers to medication use. This problem-solving counseling intervention will be given in brief in-person sessions (three in-person sessions for those in the 8 week medication condition and five in-person sessions for those in the 26 week medication condition). Medication monitoring counseling will also occur via phone (two 10-minute sessions for those in the 8 week medication condition and four 10-minute sessions for those in the 26 week medication condition).
Experimental: 16, 26Wks, No Counseling, No CAM, No AutoCalls, No Feedback; This arm of the project will address the following question: How effective is the following intervention?: 26Wks Medication duration during quit attempt, No Maintenance Counseling, No Cognitive Adherence Intervention, No Automated Medication Adherence Calls, Electronic Medication Monitoring Device but No Feedback	Drug: Long Term Combination Nicotine Replacement Therapy (patch + gum); IF the participant smokes >10 cigs/day AND is randomized to a 26 week medication condition: they will be asked to take one 21 mg patch per day for 22 weeks, THEN one 14 mg patch per day for 2 weeks, THEN one patch 7 mg patch per day for 2 weeks. Participants will also be asked to use one piece of one 4-mg- gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces maximum per day)for 24 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until they are down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. IF the participant smokes 5-10 cigs/day AND is randomized to a 26 week medication condition: they will be asked to take one 14 mg patch per day for 22 weeks, THEN one patch 7 mg patch per day for 4 weeks. Participants will also be asked to use one piece of 2-mg gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces maximum per day)for 24 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until they are down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment.
Experimental: 17, 8Wks, Counseling, CAM, AutoCalls, Feedback; This arm of the project will address the following question: How effective is the following intervention?: 8Wks Medication duration during quit attempt, Maintenance Counseling, Cognitive Adherence Intervention, Automated Medication Adherence Calls, Electronic Medication Monitoring Device + Feedback	Drug: Short Term Combination Nicotine Replacement Therapy (patch + gum); IF participant smokes >10 cigs/day AND is randomized to a 8 week condition: they will be asked to take one 21 mg patch/day for 4 weeks, THEN one 14 mg patch/day for 2 weeks, THEN one patch 7mg/day for 2 weeks.Participants will also be asked to use 4-mg gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces maximum per day)for 6 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. IF participant smokes 5-10 cigs/day AND is randomized to the 8 week medication condition: they will be asked to take one 14 mg patch/day for 4 weeks, THEN one 7 mg patch/day for 4 weeks. Participants will also be asked to use 2-mg gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces max per day)for 6 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. Behavioral: Intensive Maintenance Counseling; Participants randomized to this condition will receive eight 15-minute phone counseling sessions at Weeks 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14, 18 & 22. The counseling will encourage continued practice of coping skills, and avoidance of danger situations. Another emphasis will be the continued provision of social support as a means of enhancing motivation. Participants who have relapsed will receive counseling aimed at motivating and planning renewed quit attempts. Other aims are enhancing motivation, especially competence self-appraisals, providing intratreatment support, and encouraging pleasurable activities. Behavioral: Cognitive Medication Adherence Counseling (CAM); Participants randomized to this condition will be given a brief (10 minute) session of CAM treatment at both Visits 1 and 2. CAM will include information on NRT such as the following: NRT reduces withdrawal and urges; sustained use reduces the likelihood of relapse; willpower and medication make a good combination; NRT will help a lapsing smoker reachieve abstinence. The tailored counseling component of the CAM intervention is based on brief evaluation of the smoker's beliefs, concerns, and possible misconceptions about smoking cessation medications. Behavioral: Electronic Medication Monitoring Device (the Helping Hand) + Feedback; If randomized to this condition, the case manager will give patients a computer-generated feedback sheet showing the patient's medication self-administration since the last visit. The case manager will provide problem-solving counseling regarding barriers to medication use. This problem-solving counseling intervention will be given in brief in-person sessions (three in-person sessions for those in the 8 week medication condition and five in-person sessions for those in the 26 week medication condition). Medication monitoring counseling will also occur via phone (two 10-minute sessions for those in the 8 week medication condition and four 10-minute sessions for those in the 26 week medication condition). Behavioral: Automated Adherence Prompting Phone Calls; Participants in this condition will receive fully automated prompts with messages designed to encourage participants to take their medication. Adherence prompting calls will occur two times in the first week of the quit attempt, and then once a week in weeks 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7. Those in the 26-Week medication condition who are assigned to the active adherence prompting calls intervention, will receive one prompting call a week during Weeks 11, 15, 19 & 23.
Experimental: 18, 8Wks, Counseling, CAM, AutoCalls, No Feedback; This arm of the project will address the following question: How effective is the following intervention?: 8Wks Medication duration during quit attempt, Maintenance Counseling, Cognitive Adherence Intervention, Automated Medication Adherence Calls, Electronic Medication Monitoring Device but No Feedback	Drug: Short Term Combination Nicotine Replacement Therapy (patch + gum); IF participant smokes >10 cigs/day AND is randomized to a 8 week condition: they will be asked to take one 21 mg patch/day for 4 weeks, THEN one 14 mg patch/day for 2 weeks, THEN one patch 7mg/day for 2 weeks.Participants will also be asked to use 4-mg gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces maximum per day)for 6 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. IF participant smokes 5-10 cigs/day AND is randomized to the 8 week medication condition: they will be asked to take one 14 mg patch/day for 4 weeks, THEN one 7 mg patch/day for 4 weeks. Participants will also be asked to use 2-mg gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces max per day)for 6 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. Behavioral: Intensive Maintenance Counseling; Participants randomized to this condition will receive eight 15-minute phone counseling sessions at Weeks 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14, 18 & 22. The counseling will encourage continued practice of coping skills, and avoidance of danger situations. Another emphasis will be the continued provision of social support as a means of enhancing motivation. Participants who have relapsed will receive counseling aimed at motivating and planning renewed quit attempts. Other aims are enhancing motivation, especially competence self-appraisals, providing intratreatment support, and encouraging pleasurable activities. Behavioral: Cognitive Medication Adherence Counseling (CAM); Participants randomized to this condition will be given a brief (10 minute) session of CAM treatment at both Visits 1 and 2. CAM will include information on NRT such as the following: NRT reduces withdrawal and urges; sustained use reduces the likelihood of relapse; willpower and medication make a good combination; NRT will help a lapsing smoker reachieve abstinence. The tailored counseling component of the CAM intervention is based on brief evaluation of the smoker's beliefs, concerns, and possible misconceptions about smoking cessation medications. Behavioral: Automated Adherence Prompting Phone Calls; Participants in this condition will receive fully automated prompts with messages designed to encourage participants to take their medication. Adherence prompting calls will occur two times in the first week of the quit attempt, and then once a week in weeks 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7. Those in the 26-Week medication condition who are assigned to the active adherence prompting calls intervention, will receive one prompting call a week during Weeks 11, 15, 19 & 23.
Experimental: 19, 8Wks, Counseling, CAM, No AutoCalls, Feedback; This arm of the project will address the following question: How effective is the following intervention?: 8Wks Medication duration during quit attempt, Maintenance Counseling, Cognitive Adherence Intervention, No Automated Medication Adherence Calls, Electronic Medication Monitoring Device + Feedback	Drug: Short Term Combination Nicotine Replacement Therapy (patch + gum); IF participant smokes >10 cigs/day AND is randomized to a 8 week condition: they will be asked to take one 21 mg patch/day for 4 weeks, THEN one 14 mg patch/day for 2 weeks, THEN one patch 7mg/day for 2 weeks.Participants will also be asked to use 4-mg gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces maximum per day)for 6 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. IF participant smokes 5-10 cigs/day AND is randomized to the 8 week medication condition: they will be asked to take one 14 mg patch/day for 4 weeks, THEN one 7 mg patch/day for 4 weeks. Participants will also be asked to use 2-mg gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces max per day)for 6 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. Behavioral: Intensive Maintenance Counseling; Participants randomized to this condition will receive eight 15-minute phone counseling sessions at Weeks 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14, 18 & 22. The counseling will encourage continued practice of coping skills, and avoidance of danger situations. Another emphasis will be the continued provision of social support as a means of enhancing motivation. Participants who have relapsed will receive counseling aimed at motivating and planning renewed quit attempts. Other aims are enhancing motivation, especially competence self-appraisals, providing intratreatment support, and encouraging pleasurable activities. Behavioral: Cognitive Medication Adherence Counseling (CAM); Participants randomized to this condition will be given a brief (10 minute) session of CAM treatment at both Visits 1 and 2. CAM will include information on NRT such as the following: NRT reduces withdrawal and urges; sustained use reduces the likelihood of relapse; willpower and medication make a good combination; NRT will help a lapsing smoker reachieve abstinence. The tailored counseling component of the CAM intervention is based on brief evaluation of the smoker's beliefs, concerns, and possible misconceptions about smoking cessation medications. Behavioral: Electronic Medication Monitoring Device (the Helping Hand) + Feedback; If randomized to this condition, the case manager will give patients a computer-generated feedback sheet showing the patient's medication self-administration since the last visit. The case manager will provide problem-solving counseling regarding barriers to medication use. This problem-solving counseling intervention will be given in brief in-person sessions (three in-person sessions for those in the 8 week medication condition and five in-person sessions for those in the 26 week medication condition). Medication monitoring counseling will also occur via phone (two 10-minute sessions for those in the 8 week medication condition and four 10-minute sessions for those in the 26 week medication condition).
Experimental: 20, 8Wks, Counseling, CAM, No AutoCalls, No Feedback; This arm of the project will address the following question: How effective is the following intervention?: 8Wks Medication duration during quit attempt, Maintenance Counseling, Cognitive Adherence Intervention, No Automated Medication Adherence Calls, Electronic Medication Monitoring Device but No Feedback	Drug: Short Term Combination Nicotine Replacement Therapy (patch + gum); IF participant smokes >10 cigs/day AND is randomized to a 8 week condition: they will be asked to take one 21 mg patch/day for 4 weeks, THEN one 14 mg patch/day for 2 weeks, THEN one patch 7mg/day for 2 weeks.Participants will also be asked to use 4-mg gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces maximum per day)for 6 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. IF participant smokes 5-10 cigs/day AND is randomized to the 8 week medication condition: they will be asked to take one 14 mg patch/day for 4 weeks, THEN one 7 mg patch/day for 4 weeks. Participants will also be asked to use 2-mg gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces max per day)for 6 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. Behavioral: Intensive Maintenance Counseling; Participants randomized to this condition will receive eight 15-minute phone counseling sessions at Weeks 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14, 18 & 22. The counseling will encourage continued practice of coping skills, and avoidance of danger situations. Another emphasis will be the continued provision of social support as a means of enhancing motivation. Participants who have relapsed will receive counseling aimed at motivating and planning renewed quit attempts. Other aims are enhancing motivation, especially competence self-appraisals, providing intratreatment support, and encouraging pleasurable activities. Behavioral: Cognitive Medication Adherence Counseling (CAM); Participants randomized to this condition will be given a brief (10 minute) session of CAM treatment at both Visits 1 and 2. CAM will include information on NRT such as the following: NRT reduces withdrawal and urges; sustained use reduces the likelihood of relapse; willpower and medication make a good combination; NRT will help a lapsing smoker reachieve abstinence. The tailored counseling component of the CAM intervention is based on brief evaluation of the smoker's beliefs, concerns, and possible misconceptions about smoking cessation medications.
Experimental: 21, 8Wks, Counseling, No CAM, AutoCalls, Feedback; This arm of the project will address the following question: How effective is the following intervention?: 8Wks Medication duration during quit attempt, Maintenance Counseling, No Cognitive Adherence Intervention, Automated Medication Adherence Calls, Electronic Medication Monitoring Device + Feedback	Drug: Short Term Combination Nicotine Replacement Therapy (patch + gum); IF participant smokes >10 cigs/day AND is randomized to a 8 week condition: they will be asked to take one 21 mg patch/day for 4 weeks, THEN one 14 mg patch/day for 2 weeks, THEN one patch 7mg/day for 2 weeks.Participants will also be asked to use 4-mg gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces maximum per day)for 6 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. IF participant smokes 5-10 cigs/day AND is randomized to the 8 week medication condition: they will be asked to take one 14 mg patch/day for 4 weeks, THEN one 7 mg patch/day for 4 weeks. Participants will also be asked to use 2-mg gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces max per day)for 6 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. Behavioral: Intensive Maintenance Counseling; Participants randomized to this condition will receive eight 15-minute phone counseling sessions at Weeks 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14, 18 & 22. The counseling will encourage continued practice of coping skills, and avoidance of danger situations. Another emphasis will be the continued provision of social support as a means of enhancing motivation. Participants who have relapsed will receive counseling aimed at motivating and planning renewed quit attempts. Other aims are enhancing motivation, especially competence self-appraisals, providing intratreatment support, and encouraging pleasurable activities. Behavioral: Electronic Medication Monitoring Device (the Helping Hand) + Feedback; If randomized to this condition, the case manager will give patients a computer-generated feedback sheet showing the patient's medication self-administration since the last visit. The case manager will provide problem-solving counseling regarding barriers to medication use. This problem-solving counseling intervention will be given in brief in-person sessions (three in-person sessions for those in the 8 week medication condition and five in-person sessions for those in the 26 week medication condition). Medication monitoring counseling will also occur via phone (two 10-minute sessions for those in the 8 week medication condition and four 10-minute sessions for those in the 26 week medication condition). Behavioral: Automated Adherence Prompting Phone Calls; Participants in this condition will receive fully automated prompts with messages designed to encourage participants to take their medication. Adherence prompting calls will occur two times in the first week of the quit attempt, and then once a week in weeks 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7. Those in the 26-Week medication condition who are assigned to the active adherence prompting calls intervention, will receive one prompting call a week during Weeks 11, 15, 19 & 23.
Experimental: 22, 8Wks, Counseling, No CAM, AutoCalls, No Feedback; This arm of the project will address the following question: How effective is the following intervention?: 8Wks Medication duration during quit attempt, Maintenance Counseling, No Cognitive Adherence Intervention, Automated Medication Adherence Calls, Electronic Medication Monitoring Device but No Feedback	Drug: Short Term Combination Nicotine Replacement Therapy (patch + gum); IF participant smokes >10 cigs/day AND is randomized to a 8 week condition: they will be asked to take one 21 mg patch/day for 4 weeks, THEN one 14 mg patch/day for 2 weeks, THEN one patch 7mg/day for 2 weeks.Participants will also be asked to use 4-mg gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces maximum per day)for 6 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. IF participant smokes 5-10 cigs/day AND is randomized to the 8 week medication condition: they will be asked to take one 14 mg patch/day for 4 weeks, THEN one 7 mg patch/day for 4 weeks. Participants will also be asked to use 2-mg gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces max per day)for 6 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. Behavioral: Intensive Maintenance Counseling; Participants randomized to this condition will receive eight 15-minute phone counseling sessions at Weeks 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14, 18 & 22. The counseling will encourage continued practice of coping skills, and avoidance of danger situations. Another emphasis will be the continued provision of social support as a means of enhancing motivation. Participants who have relapsed will receive counseling aimed at motivating and planning renewed quit attempts. Other aims are enhancing motivation, especially competence self-appraisals, providing intratreatment support, and encouraging pleasurable activities. Behavioral: Automated Adherence Prompting Phone Calls; Participants in this condition will receive fully automated prompts with messages designed to encourage participants to take their medication. Adherence prompting calls will occur two times in the first week of the quit attempt, and then once a week in weeks 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7. Those in the 26-Week medication condition who are assigned to the active adherence prompting calls intervention, will receive one prompting call a week during Weeks 11, 15, 19 & 23.
Experimental: 23, 8Wks, Counseling, No CAM, No AutoCalls, Feedback; This arm of the project will address the following question: How effective is the following intervention?: 8Wks Medication duration during quit attempt, Maintenance Counseling, No Cognitive Adherence Intervention, No Automated Medication Adherence Calls, Electronic Medication Monitoring Device + Feedback	Drug: Short Term Combination Nicotine Replacement Therapy (patch + gum); IF participant smokes >10 cigs/day AND is randomized to a 8 week condition: they will be asked to take one 21 mg patch/day for 4 weeks, THEN one 14 mg patch/day for 2 weeks, THEN one patch 7mg/day for 2 weeks.Participants will also be asked to use 4-mg gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces maximum per day)for 6 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. IF participant smokes 5-10 cigs/day AND is randomized to the 8 week medication condition: they will be asked to take one 14 mg patch/day for 4 weeks, THEN one 7 mg patch/day for 4 weeks. Participants will also be asked to use 2-mg gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces max per day)for 6 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. Behavioral: Intensive Maintenance Counseling; Participants randomized to this condition will receive eight 15-minute phone counseling sessions at Weeks 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14, 18 & 22. The counseling will encourage continued practice of coping skills, and avoidance of danger situations. Another emphasis will be the continued provision of social support as a means of enhancing motivation. Participants who have relapsed will receive counseling aimed at motivating and planning renewed quit attempts. Other aims are enhancing motivation, especially competence self-appraisals, providing intratreatment support, and encouraging pleasurable activities. Behavioral: Electronic Medication Monitoring Device (the Helping Hand) + Feedback; If randomized to this condition, the case manager will give patients a computer-generated feedback sheet showing the patient's medication self-administration since the last visit. The case manager will provide problem-solving counseling regarding barriers to medication use. This problem-solving counseling intervention will be given in brief in-person sessions (three in-person sessions for those in the 8 week medication condition and five in-person sessions for those in the 26 week medication condition). Medication monitoring counseling will also occur via phone (two 10-minute sessions for those in the 8 week medication condition and four 10-minute sessions for those in the 26 week medication condition).
Experimental: 24, 8Wks, Counseling, No CAM, No AutoCalls, No Feedback; This arm of the project will address the following question: How effective is the following intervention?: 8Wks Medication duration during quit attempt, Maintenance Counseling, No Cognitive Adherence Intervention, No Automated Medication Adherence Calls, Electronic Medication Monitoring Device but No Feedback	Drug: Short Term Combination Nicotine Replacement Therapy (patch + gum); IF participant smokes >10 cigs/day AND is randomized to a 8 week condition: they will be asked to take one 21 mg patch/day for 4 weeks, THEN one 14 mg patch/day for 2 weeks, THEN one patch 7mg/day for 2 weeks.Participants will also be asked to use 4-mg gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces maximum per day)for 6 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. IF participant smokes 5-10 cigs/day AND is randomized to the 8 week medication condition: they will be asked to take one 14 mg patch/day for 4 weeks, THEN one 7 mg patch/day for 4 weeks. Participants will also be asked to use 2-mg gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces max per day)for 6 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. Behavioral: Intensive Maintenance Counseling; Participants randomized to this condition will receive eight 15-minute phone counseling sessions at Weeks 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14, 18 & 22. The counseling will encourage continued practice of coping skills, and avoidance of danger situations. Another emphasis will be the continued provision of social support as a means of enhancing motivation. Participants who have relapsed will receive counseling aimed at motivating and planning renewed quit attempts. Other aims are enhancing motivation, especially competence self-appraisals, providing intratreatment support, and encouraging pleasurable activities.
Experimental: 25, 8Wks, No Counseling, CAM, AutoCalls, Feedback; This arm of the project will address the following question: How effective is the following intervention?: 8Wks Medication duration during quit attempt, No Maintenance Counseling, Cognitive Adherence Intervention, Automated Medication Adherence Calls, Electronic Medication Monitoring Device + Feedback	Drug: Short Term Combination Nicotine Replacement Therapy (patch + gum); IF participant smokes >10 cigs/day AND is randomized to a 8 week condition: they will be asked to take one 21 mg patch/day for 4 weeks, THEN one 14 mg patch/day for 2 weeks, THEN one patch 7mg/day for 2 weeks.Participants will also be asked to use 4-mg gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces maximum per day)for 6 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. IF participant smokes 5-10 cigs/day AND is randomized to the 8 week medication condition: they will be asked to take one 14 mg patch/day for 4 weeks, THEN one 7 mg patch/day for 4 weeks. Participants will also be asked to use 2-mg gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces max per day)for 6 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. Behavioral: Cognitive Medication Adherence Counseling (CAM); Participants randomized to this condition will be given a brief (10 minute) session of CAM treatment at both Visits 1 and 2. CAM will include information on NRT such as the following: NRT reduces withdrawal and urges; sustained use reduces the likelihood of relapse; willpower and medication make a good combination; NRT will help a lapsing smoker reachieve abstinence. The tailored counseling component of the CAM intervention is based on brief evaluation of the smoker's beliefs, concerns, and possible misconceptions about smoking cessation medications. Behavioral: Electronic Medication Monitoring Device (the Helping Hand) + Feedback; If randomized to this condition, the case manager will give patients a computer-generated feedback sheet showing the patient's medication self-administration since the last visit. The case manager will provide problem-solving counseling regarding barriers to medication use. This problem-solving counseling intervention will be given in brief in-person sessions (three in-person sessions for those in the 8 week medication condition and five in-person sessions for those in the 26 week medication condition). Medication monitoring counseling will also occur via phone (two 10-minute sessions for those in the 8 week medication condition and four 10-minute sessions for those in the 26 week medication condition). Behavioral: Automated Adherence Prompting Phone Calls; Participants in this condition will receive fully automated prompts with messages designed to encourage participants to take their medication. Adherence prompting calls will occur two times in the first week of the quit attempt, and then once a week in weeks 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7. Those in the 26-Week medication condition who are assigned to the active adherence prompting calls intervention, will receive one prompting call a week during Weeks 11, 15, 19 & 23.
Experimental: 26, 8Wks, No Counseling, CAM, AutoCalls, No Feedback; This arm of the project will address the following question: How effective is the following intervention?: 8Wks Medication duration during quit attempt, No Maintenance Counseling, Cognitive Adherence Intervention, Automated Medication Adherence Calls, Electronic Medication Monitoring Device but No Feedback	Drug: Short Term Combination Nicotine Replacement Therapy (patch + gum); IF participant smokes >10 cigs/day AND is randomized to a 8 week condition: they will be asked to take one 21 mg patch/day for 4 weeks, THEN one 14 mg patch/day for 2 weeks, THEN one patch 7mg/day for 2 weeks.Participants will also be asked to use 4-mg gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces maximum per day)for 6 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. IF participant smokes 5-10 cigs/day AND is randomized to the 8 week medication condition: they will be asked to take one 14 mg patch/day for 4 weeks, THEN one 7 mg patch/day for 4 weeks. Participants will also be asked to use 2-mg gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces max per day)for 6 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. Behavioral: Cognitive Medication Adherence Counseling (CAM); Participants randomized to this condition will be given a brief (10 minute) session of CAM treatment at both Visits 1 and 2. CAM will include information on NRT such as the following: NRT reduces withdrawal and urges; sustained use reduces the likelihood of relapse; willpower and medication make a good combination; NRT will help a lapsing smoker reachieve abstinence. The tailored counseling component of the CAM intervention is based on brief evaluation of the smoker's beliefs, concerns, and possible misconceptions about smoking cessation medications. Behavioral: Automated Adherence Prompting Phone Calls; Participants in this condition will receive fully automated prompts with messages designed to encourage participants to take their medication. Adherence prompting calls will occur two times in the first week of the quit attempt, and then once a week in weeks 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7. Those in the 26-Week medication condition who are assigned to the active adherence prompting calls intervention, will receive one prompting call a week during Weeks 11, 15, 19 & 23.
Experimental: 27, 8Wks, No Counseling, CAM, No AutoCalls, Feedback; This arm of the project will address the following question: How effective is the following intervention?: 8Wks Medication duration during quit attempt, No Maintenance Counseling, Cognitive Adherence Intervention, No Automated Medication Adherence Calls, Electronic Medication Monitoring Device + Feedback	Drug: Short Term Combination Nicotine Replacement Therapy (patch + gum); IF participant smokes >10 cigs/day AND is randomized to a 8 week condition: they will be asked to take one 21 mg patch/day for 4 weeks, THEN one 14 mg patch/day for 2 weeks, THEN one patch 7mg/day for 2 weeks.Participants will also be asked to use 4-mg gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces maximum per day)for 6 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. IF participant smokes 5-10 cigs/day AND is randomized to the 8 week medication condition: they will be asked to take one 14 mg patch/day for 4 weeks, THEN one 7 mg patch/day for 4 weeks. Participants will also be asked to use 2-mg gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces max per day)for 6 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. Behavioral: Cognitive Medication Adherence Counseling (CAM); Participants randomized to this condition will be given a brief (10 minute) session of CAM treatment at both Visits 1 and 2. CAM will include information on NRT such as the following: NRT reduces withdrawal and urges; sustained use reduces the likelihood of relapse; willpower and medication make a good combination; NRT will help a lapsing smoker reachieve abstinence. The tailored counseling component of the CAM intervention is based on brief evaluation of the smoker's beliefs, concerns, and possible misconceptions about smoking cessation medications. Behavioral: Electronic Medication Monitoring Device (the Helping Hand) + Feedback; If randomized to this condition, the case manager will give patients a computer-generated feedback sheet showing the patient's medication self-administration since the last visit. The case manager will provide problem-solving counseling regarding barriers to medication use. This problem-solving counseling intervention will be given in brief in-person sessions (three in-person sessions for those in the 8 week medication condition and five in-person sessions for those in the 26 week medication condition). Medication monitoring counseling will also occur via phone (two 10-minute sessions for those in the 8 week medication condition and four 10-minute sessions for those in the 26 week medication condition).
Experimental: 28, 8Wks, No Counseling, CAM, No AutoCalls, No Feedback; This arm of the project will address the following question: How effective is the following intervention?: 8Wks Medication duration during quit attempt, No Maintenance Counseling, Cognitive Adherence Intervention, No Automated Medication Adherence Calls, Electronic Medication Monitoring Device but No Feedback	Drug: Short Term Combination Nicotine Replacement Therapy (patch + gum); IF participant smokes >10 cigs/day AND is randomized to a 8 week condition: they will be asked to take one 21 mg patch/day for 4 weeks, THEN one 14 mg patch/day for 2 weeks, THEN one patch 7mg/day for 2 weeks.Participants will also be asked to use 4-mg gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces maximum per day)for 6 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. IF participant smokes 5-10 cigs/day AND is randomized to the 8 week medication condition: they will be asked to take one 14 mg patch/day for 4 weeks, THEN one 7 mg patch/day for 4 weeks. Participants will also be asked to use 2-mg gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces max per day)for 6 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. Behavioral: Cognitive Medication Adherence Counseling (CAM); Participants randomized to this condition will be given a brief (10 minute) session of CAM treatment at both Visits 1 and 2. CAM will include information on NRT such as the following: NRT reduces withdrawal and urges; sustained use reduces the likelihood of relapse; willpower and medication make a good combination; NRT will help a lapsing smoker reachieve abstinence. The tailored counseling component of the CAM intervention is based on brief evaluation of the smoker's beliefs, concerns, and possible misconceptions about smoking cessation medications.
Experimental: 29, 8Wks, No Counseling, No CAM, AutoCalls, Feedback; This arm of the project will address the following question: How effective is the following intervention?: 8Wks Medication duration during quit attempt, No Maintenance Counseling, No Cognitive Adherence Intervention, Automated Medication Adherence Calls, Electronic Medication Monitoring Device + Feedback	Drug: Short Term Combination Nicotine Replacement Therapy (patch + gum); IF participant smokes >10 cigs/day AND is randomized to a 8 week condition: they will be asked to take one 21 mg patch/day for 4 weeks, THEN one 14 mg patch/day for 2 weeks, THEN one patch 7mg/day for 2 weeks.Participants will also be asked to use 4-mg gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces maximum per day)for 6 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. IF participant smokes 5-10 cigs/day AND is randomized to the 8 week medication condition: they will be asked to take one 14 mg patch/day for 4 weeks, THEN one 7 mg patch/day for 4 weeks. Participants will also be asked to use 2-mg gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces max per day)for 6 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. Behavioral: Electronic Medication Monitoring Device (the Helping Hand) + Feedback; If randomized to this condition, the case manager will give patients a computer-generated feedback sheet showing the patient's medication self-administration since the last visit. The case manager will provide problem-solving counseling regarding barriers to medication use. This problem-solving counseling intervention will be given in brief in-person sessions (three in-person sessions for those in the 8 week medication condition and five in-person sessions for those in the 26 week medication condition). Medication monitoring counseling will also occur via phone (two 10-minute sessions for those in the 8 week medication condition and four 10-minute sessions for those in the 26 week medication condition). Behavioral: Automated Adherence Prompting Phone Calls; Participants in this condition will receive fully automated prompts with messages designed to encourage participants to take their medication. Adherence prompting calls will occur two times in the first week of the quit attempt, and then once a week in weeks 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7. Those in the 26-Week medication condition who are assigned to the active adherence prompting calls intervention, will receive one prompting call a week during Weeks 11, 15, 19 & 23.
Experimental: 30, 8Wks, No Counseling, No CAM, AutoCalls, No Feedback; This arm of the project will address the following question: How effective is the following intervention?: 8Wks Medication duration during quit attempt, No Maintenance Counseling, No Cognitive Adherence Intervention, Automated Medication Adherence Calls, Electronic Medication Monitoring Device but No Feedback	Drug: Short Term Combination Nicotine Replacement Therapy (patch + gum); IF participant smokes >10 cigs/day AND is randomized to a 8 week condition: they will be asked to take one 21 mg patch/day for 4 weeks, THEN one 14 mg patch/day for 2 weeks, THEN one patch 7mg/day for 2 weeks.Participants will also be asked to use 4-mg gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces maximum per day)for 6 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. IF participant smokes 5-10 cigs/day AND is randomized to the 8 week medication condition: they will be asked to take one 14 mg patch/day for 4 weeks, THEN one 7 mg patch/day for 4 weeks. Participants will also be asked to use 2-mg gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces max per day)for 6 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. Behavioral: Automated Adherence Prompting Phone Calls; Participants in this condition will receive fully automated prompts with messages designed to encourage participants to take their medication. Adherence prompting calls will occur two times in the first week of the quit attempt, and then once a week in weeks 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7. Those in the 26-Week medication condition who are assigned to the active adherence prompting calls intervention, will receive one prompting call a week during Weeks 11, 15, 19 & 23.
Experimental: 31, 8Wks, No Counseling, No CAM, No AutoCalls, Feedback; This arm of the project will address the following question: How effective is the following intervention?: 8Wks Medication duration during quit attempt, No Maintenance Counseling, No Cognitive Adherence Intervention, No Automated Medication Adherence Calls, Electronic Medication Monitoring Device + Feedback	Drug: Short Term Combination Nicotine Replacement Therapy (patch + gum); IF participant smokes >10 cigs/day AND is randomized to a 8 week condition: they will be asked to take one 21 mg patch/day for 4 weeks, THEN one 14 mg patch/day for 2 weeks, THEN one patch 7mg/day for 2 weeks.Participants will also be asked to use 4-mg gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces maximum per day)for 6 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. IF participant smokes 5-10 cigs/day AND is randomized to the 8 week medication condition: they will be asked to take one 14 mg patch/day for 4 weeks, THEN one 7 mg patch/day for 4 weeks. Participants will also be asked to use 2-mg gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces max per day)for 6 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. Behavioral: Electronic Medication Monitoring Device (the Helping Hand) + Feedback; If randomized to this condition, the case manager will give patients a computer-generated feedback sheet showing the patient's medication self-administration since the last visit. The case manager will provide problem-solving counseling regarding barriers to medication use. This problem-solving counseling intervention will be given in brief in-person sessions (three in-person sessions for those in the 8 week medication condition and five in-person sessions for those in the 26 week medication condition). Medication monitoring counseling will also occur via phone (two 10-minute sessions for those in the 8 week medication condition and four 10-minute sessions for those in the 26 week medication condition).
Experimental: 32, 8Wks, No Counseling, No CAM, No AutoCalls, No Feedback; This arm of the project will address the following question: How effective is the following intervention?: 8Wks Medication duration during quit attempt, No Maintenance Counseling, No Cognitive Adherence Intervention, No Automated Medication Adherence Calls, Electronic Medication Monitoring Device but No Feedback	Drug: Short Term Combination Nicotine Replacement Therapy (patch + gum); IF participant smokes >10 cigs/day AND is randomized to a 8 week condition: they will be asked to take one 21 mg patch/day for 4 weeks, THEN one 14 mg patch/day for 2 weeks, THEN one patch 7mg/day for 2 weeks.Participants will also be asked to use 4-mg gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces maximum per day)for 6 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment. IF participant smokes 5-10 cigs/day AND is randomized to the 8 week medication condition: they will be asked to take one 14 mg patch/day for 4 weeks, THEN one 7 mg patch/day for 4 weeks. Participants will also be asked to use 2-mg gum every 1-2 hours (9 pieces max per day)for 6 weeks and decrease gum use over the 2 weeks prior to medication termination until down to one gum piece every 4-8 hours by the last week of treatment.

Outcome Measures

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Primary Outcome Measures :

1. Self-Reported 7-Day Point-Prevalence Abstinence [ Time Frame: Assessed at 52 weeks after target quit day ]

   Self-Reported 7-Day Point-Prevalence Abstinence is a dichotomous outcome with values of 0 and 1 where 0=smoking on one or more of the past 7 days at the assessment endpoint (52 weeks post-quit) and 1=no smoking on any of the past 7 days at the assessment endpoint (i.e., abstinent for the past 7 days); this outcome will be analyzed in a logistic regression analysis model.

   Note: This abstinence primary outcome replaces latency to relapse (now designated as a secondary outcome) because reviewers of the now-accepted manuscript (at the journal "Addiction") advised us to change the primary outcome to the current week 52 Self-Reported 7-Day Point-Prevalence Abstinence.

Secondary Outcome Measures :

1. Latency to Relapse [ Time Frame: Assessed during the first 12 months post-quit after target quit day ]
   Latency to Relapse during the first 12 months post-quit, with relapse defined as 7 consecutive days of smoking; this outcome will be analyzed in a Cox regression survival analysis model with non-relapsers coded as right-censored

Eligibility Criteria

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Ages Eligible for Study:	18 Years to 99 Years (Adult, Senior)
Sexes Eligible for Study:	All
Accepts Healthy Volunteers:	No

Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

• 18 years of age or older;
• Report smoking at least 5 cigarettes per day for the previous 6 months;
• Able to read and write English;
• Agree to attend visits, to respond to coaching calls, and to respond to Interactive Voice Response (IVR) phone prompts;
• Plans to remain in the intervention catchment area for at least 12 months;
• Currently interested in quitting smoking (defined as would like to try to quit in the next 30 days).
• All women of childbearing potential will be required to agree to use an acceptable method of birth control to prevent pregnancy during the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Currently taking bupropion, Wellbutrin, chantix or varenicline (current use of NRT is not exclusionary if the participant agrees to use only study medication for the duration of the study);
• Study candidate is pregnant, trying to get pregnant, or nursing.
• A history of psychosis or bipolar disorder
• A history of skin or allergic reactions while using a nicotine patch.
• Had a heart attack, stroke, or abnormal electrocardiogram within the past 4 weeks.

Contacts and Locations

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Study Description Study Design Arms and Interventions Outcome Measures Eligibility Criteria Contacts and Locations More Information

Locations

United States, Wisconsin
University of Wisconsin Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, School of Medicine and Public Health
Madison, Wisconsin, United States, 53711

Sponsors and Collaborators

University of Wisconsin, Madison

Dean Health System

Mercy Health System, Wisconsin

Aurora Health Care

National Cancer Institute (NCI)

Investigators

Principal Investigator:	Michael C Fiore, MD, MPH, MBA	University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention
Study Director:	Tanya R Schlam, PhD	University of Wisconsin Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, School of Medicine and Public Health

More Information

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Study Description Study Design Arms and Interventions Outcome Measures Eligibility Criteria Contacts and Locations More Information

Additional Information:

University of Wisconsin Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, School of Medicine and Public Health 

Publications:

McCarthy DE, Piasecki TM, Lawrence DL, Jorenby DE, Shiffman S, Baker TB. Psychological mediators of bupropion sustained-release treatment for smoking cessation. Addiction. 2008 Sep;103(9):1521-33. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02275.x.

Responsible Party:	University of Wisconsin, Madison
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:	NCT01120704 History of Changes
Other Study ID Numbers:	H-2010-0049; 9P50CA143188 ( U.S. NIH Grant/Contract )
First Posted:	May 11, 2010
Results First Posted:	February 16, 2015
Last Update Posted:	December 11, 2015
Last Verified:	November 2015

Keywords provided by University of Wisconsin, Madison:

Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Adherence; Nicotine; Motivation

Additional relevant MeSH terms:

Tobacco Use Disorder; Substance-Related Disorders; Chemically-Induced Disorders; Mental Disorders; Nicotine; Ganglionic Stimulants; Autonomic Agents	Peripheral Nervous System Agents; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Nicotinic Agonists; Cholinergic Agonists; Cholinergic Agents; Neurotransmitter Agents; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action