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In Situ Caries of Fluoride Toothpastes

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ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00708123
Recruitment Status : Completed
First Posted : July 2, 2008
Results First Posted : November 19, 2012
Last Update Posted : April 22, 2013
Sponsor:
Information provided by (Responsible Party):
GlaxoSmithKline

Study Description
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Brief Summary:
This study is to evaluate the effect of fluoride dentifrices on enamel with artificial caries lesions in an in situ model.

Condition or disease Intervention/treatment Phase
Healthy Subjects Partial Denture Wearers Caries Drug: Sodium fluoride toothpaste Drug: Placebo toothpaste Phase 3

Detailed Description:
Topical fluorides have been proven to be clinically effective in the prevention of dental caries. It is generally agreed that anti-caries effect of fluoride (F) is mainly by decreasing the rate of enamel demineralization and enhancing the rate of enamel remineralization. An in-situ Surface Micro-hardness (SMH) test is widely used to evaluate enamel demineralization and remineralization during the caries process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of toothpaste formulations containing fluoride from different sources [sodium fluoride (NaF) and sodium monofluorophosphate (NaMFP)] using an in situ caries model.
Study Design
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Study Type : Interventional  (Clinical Trial)
Actual Enrollment : 60 participants
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Double (Participant, Investigator)
Primary Purpose: Treatment
Official Title: Comparison of the Clinical Efficacy From the Retention Phase of Fluoride Delivery of Fluoride Toothpastes Using an in Situ Caries Model
Study Start Date : November 2007
Actual Primary Completion Date : April 2008
Actual Study Completion Date : April 2008

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Arms and Interventions
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Arm Intervention/treatment
Active Comparator: Sodium Fluoride (NaF) toothpaste[1350 parts per million(ppm)F]
Participants to brush their natural teeth twice daily with a full ribbon of NaF toothpaste (1350 ppm F as NaF) for one timed minute, after removing their partial denture from their mouth.
 Drug: Sodium fluoride toothpaste
Various fluoride toothpastes containing 1350 ppm F, 1450 ppm F, 1400 ppm F and 250 ppm F
Other Name: Fluoride
Experimental: NaF/Carbopol toothpaste (1400 ppm F)
Participants to brush their natural teeth twice daily with a full ribbon of NaF and 0.5% carbopol toothpaste (1450 ppm F as NaF) for one timed minute, after removing their partial denture from their mouth.
 Drug: Sodium fluoride toothpaste
Various fluoride toothpastes containing 1350 ppm F, 1450 ppm F, 1400 ppm F and 250 ppm F
Other Name: Fluoride
Active Comparator: NaMFP/NaF toothpaste (1450 ppm F)
Participants to brush their natural teeth twice daily with a full ribbon of NaMFPand NaF toothpaste (1450 ppm F - 1000 ppm F as NaMFP and 450 ppm F as NaF) for one timed minute, after removing their partial denture from their mouth.
 Drug: Sodium fluoride toothpaste
Various fluoride toothpastes containing 1350 ppm F, 1450 ppm F, 1400 ppm F and 250 ppm F
Other Name: Fluoride
Active Comparator: NaF toothpaste (250 ppm F)
Participants to brush their natural teeth twice daily with a full ribbon of NaF toothpaste (250 ppm F as NaF) for one timed minute, after removing their partial denture from their mouth.
 Drug: Sodium fluoride toothpaste
Various fluoride toothpastes containing 1350 ppm F, 1450 ppm F, 1400 ppm F and 250 ppm F
Other Name: Fluoride
Placebo Comparator: Placebo toothpaste (0 ppm F)
Participants to brush their natural teeth twice daily with a full ribbon of fluoride free toothpaste (0 ppm F) for one timed minute, after removing their partial denture from their mouth.
 Drug: Placebo toothpaste
Fluoride free toothpaste (0 ppm F)


Outcome Measures
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Primary Outcome Measures :
  1. Mean Percentage Surface Microhardness Recovery (%SMHR) of Enamel Specimens Exposed to NaF/Carbopol Toothpaste (1400 ppmF), NaF Toothpaste (1350ppmF) Compared to NaMFP/NaF Toothpaste (1450ppmF) [ Time Frame: Baseline to 14 days ]
    %SMHR test was used to assess mineralization status of enamel specimens using a Wilson 2100 Hardness tester. %SMHR was determined by measuring the length of the indentations of enamel specimens. An increase in the indentation length compared to the baseline indicates softening while decrease in the indentation length represents rehardening of enamel surface. %SMHR was calculated from indentation values of enamel specimens at baseline (B), after intra-oral exposure (R) and after in-vitro demineralization (D) using formula: [(D-R)/ (D-B)]*100.


Secondary Outcome Measures :
  1. Mean %SMHR of Enamel Specimens Exposed to NaF/Carbopol Toothpaste (1400 ppmF), NaF Toothpaste (1350ppmF), NaMFP/NaF Toothpaste (1450ppmF), NaF Toothpaste (250ppmF) and Placebo Toothpaste (0ppmF) [ Time Frame: Baseline to 14 days ]
    %SMHR test was used to assess mineralization status of enamel specimens using a Wilson 2100 Hardness tester. %SMHR was determined by measuring the length of the indentations of enamel specimens. An increase in the indentation length compared to the baseline indicates softening while decrease in the indentation length represents rehardening of enamel surface. %SMHR was calculated from indentation values of enamel specimens at baseline (B), after intra-oral exposure (R) and after in-vitro demineralization (D) using formula: [(D-R)/ (D-B)]*100.

  2. Adjusted Mean Change From Baseline in Enamel Fluoride Uptake [ Time Frame: Baseline to 14 days ]
    Enamel fluoride uptake was determined using the microdrill enamel biopsy technique. The amount of fluoride uptake by enamel was calculated based on the amount of fluoride (F) divided by the area of the enamel cores and expressed as ug F/cm2. The difference between treatments was calculated with respect to fluoride uptake by enamel.


Eligibility Criteria
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Ages Eligible for Study:   18 Years to 78 Years   (Adult, Older Adult)
Sexes Eligible for Study:   All
Accepts Healthy Volunteers:   Yes
Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

  1. Consent: Demonstrates understanding of the study and willingness to participate as evidenced by voluntary written informed consent and has received a signed and dated copy of the informed consent form.
  2. Age:Aged between 18 and 78 years.
  3. Compliance:Understands and is willing, able and likely to comply with all study procedures and restrictions.
  4. General Health:Good general health with (in the opinion of the investigator) no clinically significant and/or relevant abnormalities of medical history or oral examination that could interfere with subject safety during the study period.
  5. Diagnosis: Oral - i. Currently living in the Indianapolis area which is a fluoridated community (1 ppm F). ii. Currently wearing a removable mandibular partial denture with sufficient room in the posterior buccal flange area to accommodate two enamel specimens (required dimensions 12 x 7 millimeters (mm). iii. Willing and capable of wearing their removable partial dentures 24 hours per day during each two week treatment period. iv.All restorations in a good state of repair.
  6. Salivary Flow:Have a salivary flow rate in the range of normal values (unstimulated whole saliva flow rate = 0.2 ml/minute; gum base stimulated whole saliva flow rate = 0.8 ml/minute).

Exclusion Criteria

  1. Pregnancy:Women who are known to be pregnant or who are intending to become pregnant over the duration of the study. No pregnancy test will be required.
  2. Breast-feeding:Women who are breast-feeding.
  3. Allergy/Intolerance: Known or suspected intolerance or hypersensitivity to the study materials (or closely related compounds) or any of their stated ingredients.
  4. Clinical Study/Experimental Medication:Participation in another clinical study or receipt of an investigational drug within 30 days of the first treatment visit, with the exception of study T3157495 where the wash in period prior to treatment is sufficient.
  5. Antibiotics:Currently taking antibiotics or have taken antibiotics in the 2 weeks prior to the screening visit.
  6. Fluoride:Taking fluoride supplements for medical reasons.
  7. Dental Health: Current active caries or periodontal disease that may compromise the study or health of the subjects.
  8. Personnel: a) A member of the site study staff, b) An employee of the sponsor, c) Any employee of any toothpaste manufacturer or their spouse or family member.
Contacts and Locations
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Information from the National Library of Medicine

To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.

Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT00708123


Sponsors and Collaborators
GlaxoSmithKline
Investigators
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Study Director: GSK Clinical Trials GlaxoSmithKline
More Information
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Responsible Party: GlaxoSmithKline
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00708123    
Other Study ID Numbers: T3157503
First Posted: July 2, 2008    Key Record Dates
Results First Posted: November 19, 2012
Last Update Posted: April 22, 2013
Last Verified: March 2013
Keywords provided by GlaxoSmithKline:
remineralization
enamel
fluoride
caries
in situ
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
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Listerine
Fluorides
Sodium Fluoride
Cariostatic Agents
 Protective Agents
Physiological Effects of Drugs
Anti-Infective Agents, Local
Anti-Infective Agents